DESIGN OF ATYPICAL FACADE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS AS NOISE REDUCTION BARRIERS - CASE STUDY

The presented work is the result of affirmation of synergistic work of experts dealing with architectural and acoustic design with the aim and purpose of finding an adequate solution for optimal correction of the effect of GHG systems installed on the facade of the subject (case study) office building in Belgrade. Measurements established that the noise of the constructed GHG systems affected the residential building in the immediate vicinity. The effect of the constructed devices (refers to the installed units) of the office building in question in the case when they operate at full capacity was measuring to be about 58 dB (A). The urban zone in which the building is located (Vracar-Belgrade) belongs to the category of "office-residential area" in which the outdoor noise level permitted for the period of day is 60 dB (A), and for the night period is 50 dB (A). Taking into account the stated facts, it has been unequivocally established that GHG systems to a certain extent exceed the permitted noise levels and "endanger" the neighboring observed building. The subject of this professional-scientific research is the design of atypical facade architectural elements as a barrier reducing noise on the example of an office building in Belgrade. The architectural challenge was reflected in the fact that, in addition to designing the facade element which, at the request of the investor must not compromise the architecture of the building, therefore, should be "atypical in architectural design", it must also provide flexibility in applying different variants of acoustic barriers, which in addition to architectonic requirement must provide an adequate response to acoustic requirements. To the satisfaction of the authors, the designed barrier confirmed a successful synergy solution. The adopted architectural-acoustic configuration of the barrier proved to be effective regardless of the type of installed air conditioners, which in some way justifies the initial idea of strong causality of acoustic and architectural design, as a synergistic principle

The Thermal Behaviour of a Cylindrical Air Layer Enclosed between Double Fabric Roof Membranes

Objects covered by fabric roof membranes are specific in terms of energy consumption, primarily because of the negligible thickness of the material and its good thermal conduction properties. One of the ways of improving the energy efficiency of these objects is the implementation of a double fabric roof membrane structure with an enclosed non ventilated air layer. This paper analyzes the thermal-insulation behaviour of the air layer enclosed between tensile fabric roof membranes which are used for structural purposes. The compilation of the necessary data was carried out by measuring a real object covered by a double fabric roof membrane, semi-cylindrical in shape. The surface temperatures of each membrane were measured, as were the outside and inside air temperature and the air temperature between the membranes during the summer months. In addition, the solar irradiance during the same period was also measured. The analysis of the measured data took into consideration all the present forms of energy transmittance (convection, conduction and radiation), as well as the shape of the air layer and the thermal-physical specific features of border surfaces. The results of the study indicate that thermal behaviour of a closed semi-cylindrical air layer depends on the real outer conditions in the summer months. A methodological approach to the thermal modelling of these structures has accordingly been proposed

Influence of Single and Double Membrane Roofs on Thermal Behaviour of Enclosed Space

Even though membrane structures have been increasingly used in the world, their energy efficiency is very unfavourable due to poor thermal properties. This causes relatively high consumption of heating energy in the winter, as well energy consumed for the operation of air-conditioning during the summer, that is, under circumstances which require thermal comfort. Since thermal comfort depends on the air temperature and temperature of the interior surfaces of the envelope, this paper presents a study of the measurement and comparison of temperatures of single and double membrane structures in the summer period. Data collection was accomplished by measuring two adjacent structures, one covered with single and the other covered by a double membrane. Verification of the measured data was performed by comparing it with the official measured temperatures in the same period. The air temperatures were measured in all the separate air compartments and particular surfaces of each membrane. By analysing the measured data and their classification based on daylight and night-time periods, certain conclusions were drawn about the influence of an additional layer of membrane on the temperature of the air inside a covered structure

Analysis of Strengthening Variants of Existing Masonry Buildings for Seismic Resistance - Case Studies of Typical Residential Buildings in Niš

The revitalization of existing masonry buildings, built decades ago, is a very topical and complex structural engineering issue, especially when the building was built in the area of significant seismic activity. A large number of masonry buildings in the city of Niš, as well as in other places in Serbia, were built in the period before the adoption of technical regulations on the design and construction of seismically resistant structures and they are at insufficient safety level in the event of an earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary that structural strengthening meets the seismic resistance requirements laid down in Eurocode 8 or other relevant codes. In order to choose the method of structural strengthening, detailed seismic analyses must be carried out in several variants along with the application of relevant technical regulations. The effects of five analyzed structural strengthening methods were checked against the provisions of Eurocode 8, Part 1 and Part 3, which relate to the recommendations for the geometric characteristics of shear walls, and they were applied on two types of existing masonry buildings in Niš. On the basis of the performed analyses, conclusions were drawn regarding the methodological approach of the assessment of the condition of the structure, its seismic resistance and decision-making on remediation and/or strengthening measures

Globalisation Influences and Current forms of Construction in Belgrade (Serbia)

With the growth dynamics of consumer society, globalization and its influences in architecture are present all over the world. Developmental societies, such as Serbia today, are particularly sensitive, and cities in transition and their architecture are subject to the influence of different global trends. In this paper, new forms of construction that become dominant in the first decades of the 21st century in Serbia and the capital city Belgrade, are investigated. Considering the actuality, frequency and scope of construction, as well as the impact on the overall social development, three characteristic forms of construction have been observed: strategic projects of reconstruction and construction, condominiums and social housing facilities. The characteristics of these forms of construction are investigated by forming a base of 24 cases from different parts of the city. By their classification, according to the particularities of the noticed subgroups, the characteristic examples are analysed and determined based on the defined set of criteria

IMPACT OF TROMBE WALL CONSTRUCTION ON THERMAL COMFORT AND BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Energy consumption has reached its highest level globally. Buildings have the largest share in total energy consumption, so we must take into account their functioning and the consequences that can arise. Passive solar design is an imperative in modern architecture, and Trombe wall, as one of the principles of this design, is certainly distinguished. The paper presents an overview of the characteristics of the construction of the Trombe Wall in order to improve thermal stability and reduce energy consumption in buildings. Starting from the consideration of climatic influencing factors, through the heat capacity of the materials applied and their thickness and color of the thermal mass, it is very important to know in detail all the factors that can lead to the improvement of the efficiency of this system. The specific heat of the walls in the building, the time delay, the decrement factor and the influence and position of the thermal insulation were also taken into account. The effect of glazing as well as the influence of the ventilation openings were highlighted as significant elements. On the basis of the analysis of the above components, the conclusions and guidelines for designing this type of constructions were made in order to improve the efficiency and reduced energy consumption while providing adequate comfort in the facility

Impacts of Courtyard Envelope Design as an Important Architectural Parameter for Energy Savings

When designing facilities with lower energy consumption, the most crucial parameter is the correct choice of location. The terrain configuration has a distinct influence on the organization of the urban plan and the building design. It largely determines the microclimate, especially the temperature level, direction, and wind speed. The subject of this paper is the analysis of courtyard configuration as a dominant parameter in architectural design and energy savings. The courtyard is an open area that is tied to a specific building. It is usually surrounded by walls, other buildings, or a fence. The courtyard's dimensions significantly affect the project's development and the location's microclimatic characteristics. The courtyard's proportions and configuration directly affect the building's shape, so it is essential to consider the advantages and disadvantages of different influential parameters adequately. The influence of solar radiation on heat gains is evident, while it also increases the energy demand of buildings with different shapes and proportions of yards. Through an overview of various architectural aspects, the paper provides guidelines that can be useful to designers and spatial planners to form and select adequate courtyards for the buildings

RESEARCH OF THE STRUCTURAL, FORMAL AND AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FAÇADE THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEMS

Abstract. The elements of the structure of the façade thermal insulation systems are exposed to various external actions and it is necessary to design and construct them in a manner which would make them resistant to the detrimental influence of the forces acting upon them. The façade thermal insulation system, depending on the structure, may have various impact on the aesthetic and formal possibilities of a structure, in this way influencing the comprehensive impression of a space and its ambient value. This paper was done in the framework of the scientific-research project "Development of th

PROCENA POUZDANOSTI PREDIKCIJE VREMENA REVERBERACIJE KORIŠĆENJEM ARHITEKTONSKOG SOFTVERSKOG PAKETA ECOTECT

Contemporary architectonic design mostly relies on the software tools which enable the engineers to analyze multiple factors affecting a space, and to timely detect and correct certain errors in designing, resulting from attempting to satisfy certain aspects of a space at the expense of others. Those tools which apart from architecture itself also consider other fields of science, depending on the function of these areas are important; thus in the lecture halls designing process, adequate software for analysis is used. In addition to a number of acoustic parameters characterizing the acoustic response of a room, in terms of design, one of the most important factors affecting the acoustics of the indoor areas is reverberation time, which is characterized by the architectonic parameters: room volume (dimensions), shape (form) and materialization (finish material). In this paper, for the purposes of acoustic analysis of the A amphitheater, the parametric values obtained in two ways, by experimental measuring and by software - Autodesk Ecotect and Autodesk Revit Architecture are compared. The software is increasingly used in contemporary architectonic software because of the option to analyze acoustics of indoor space, so there is a need to analyzed the values provided by the software and compare them with actually measured reverberation time.Savremeno arhitektonsko projektovanje se u najvećoj meri oslanja na softverske alate koji inženjerima omogućavaju analizu više faktora koji utiču na jedan prostor. Ovo pre svega ima za cilj da izvesne greške u projektovanju, koje su posledica zadovoljavanja jednog aspekta prostora i narušavanja drugog, budu na vreme uočene i ispravljene. Od značaja su oni alati koji pored same arhitekture razmatraju i druge oblasti, u zavisnosti od funkcije samih prostora, pa se u projektovanju prostorija za držanje govora primenjuju i adekvatni softveri za analizu. U ovom radu je za potrebe analize akustičkog kvaliteta amfiteatra A, izvršeno poređenje vrednosti dobijenih na dva načina, eksperimentalnim merenjem i softverski, putem programa Autodesk Ecotect i Autodesk Revit Architecture. Ovi programi su sve češći u savremenom arhitektonskom projektovanju zbog mogućnosti predikcione analize akustike zatvorenih prostora, pa postoji potreba za analizu pouzdanosti vrednosti koje se dobijaju njihovim korišćenjem u odnosu na realno izmerene vrednosti vremena reverbaracije