Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management of TB-HIV Comorbidity in Children

The problem of combination of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains urgent. Ninety percent of women with HIV infection are of childbearing age that results in increasing the number of children with HIV infection in perinatal contact. In Saint Petersburg from 2014 to 2017, about 5000 children were born from a perinatal contact for HIV infection; by 2017, more than 300 children have confirmed HIV infection. The comparative analysis of case histories of 25 children with TB/HIV combination and 50 children with tuberculosis without HIV infection was performed. Analysis of the study results showed that there are cases of late diagnosis of HIV infection. TB is detected clinically more frequently in children with HIV infection than in children without HIV infection (25 and 5%, respectively). More than one-third of the patients with coinfection had negative sensitivity to tuberculin and DST. The prevalence and the severity of TB in children with HIV infection correlates with the degree of immunosuppression. Eight percent of children had immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Treatment of patients with coinfection associated in most cases with the increased period of total treatment course. Four children with HIV infection vaccinated with BCG were diagnosed with generalized tuberculosis

OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT FOR THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE WORLD AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Implementation of digital economy tools in the new information environment is a catalyst for innovative development of the economic environment of the state as a whole. It is obvious that not all the available opportunities and resources for the development of the digital economy have found their vectors of implementation, many of them have not been studied sufficiently and haphazardly, the existing potential and prospects have not been disclosed.Understanding of the need to develop elements of the digital economy has come to a head in the Russian economic and legal environment, as evidenced by the development and implementation of priority areas of the strategy of scientific and technological development of Russia. The mentioned problems determine the relevance of the research study of the possibilities of applying the positive foreign experience of digitalization of the economy in domestic practice. The paper provides an overview of the main categories of the digital economy, examines the features of its widespread distribution in the countries of the world, assesses the opportunities and prospects for the development of digitalization in Russia. New technologies, criteria and approaches to assessing the level of the digital economy, its institutionalization require effective regulation and management.

Synthesis and characterization of SiO2/Bi2WO6 based on biogenic silica synthesized by sol-gel method

SiO2/Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with Si/Bi/W=1:2:1 molar ratio was obtained by the sol-gel method from bismuth nitrate, sodium tungstate and biogenic silica from rice husk biomass followed by calcination. Bi2WO6 was used as a control sample. FT-IR, SEM, XRD, EDXRF, UV-Vis methods were used to systematically characterize the as-obtained materials. Photodegradation of Indigo Carmine in exposure to UV, sunlight and xenon light was studied to evaluate their photocatalytic activities in the presence of SiO2/Bi2WO6 and Bi2WO6. It was shown that the degradation degree of Indigo Carmine in the presence of SiO2/Bi2WO6 under the action of UV irradiation and sunlight reaches 36% and 14%, respectively. The SiO2/Bi2WO6 sample is stable during photocatalytic studies

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

The Use and Perception of Social Network Sites by Young Adults in Russia

The purpose of this study was to examine the use and perception of social network sites (SNSs) in Russia by young adults. This type of social media is extremely popular nowadays. The social networking audience in Russia had the highest engagement among other countries in 2009 and 2010. SNSs in Russia are experiencing an astonishing growth nowadays which is an important indicator of the development of a network society, or information society in the country. This research was carried out with the help of qualitative methods including 14 personal interviews with open-ended questions among young adult users of the Russian SNSs, aged 22-28, who obtained a degree in or are students in higher institutions. The interviews were conducted in Russian, transcribed, and finally their descriptive summaries were translated into English. It was discovered that the patterns of use of SNSs by respondents have changed over time in regard to time and attitude. Face-to-face communication was found to be affected by communication on SNSs. Respondents were aware of privacy issues and addiction to SNSs but indicated a low concern for these issues. It was discovered as well that Russian SNSs provide new uses and gratifications for those that use them due to some special services and features and they way in which users employ them. SNSs in Russia have been integrated to a great extent into daily lives of users as they imply various benefits for users and can be utilized for both personal and business purposes. Further detailed research can be conducted for each sphere of these findings, such as problems of privacy and addiction, connection of privacy issues and changes in perception of SNSs, various uses of SNSs including innovative ones such as opportunities of learning and self-education on SNSs. Asiasanat:social media, social network sites, information society, network society, use, perception, young adults

The Use and Perception of Social Network Sites by Young Adults in Russia

The purpose of this study was to examine the use and perception of social network sites (SNSs) in Russia by young adults. This type of social media is extremely popular nowadays. The social networking audience in Russia had the highest engagement among other countries in 2009 and 2010. SNSs in Russia are experiencing an astonishing growth nowadays which is an important indicator of the development of a network society, or information society in the country. This research was carried out with the help of qualitative methods including 14 personal interviews with open-ended questions among young adult users of the Russian SNSs, aged 22-28, who obtained a degree in or are students in higher institutions. The interviews were conducted in Russian, transcribed, and finally their descriptive summaries were translated into English. It was discovered that the patterns of use of SNSs by respondents have changed over time in regard to time and attitude. Face-to-face communication was found to be affected by communication on SNSs. Respondents were aware of privacy issues and addiction to SNSs but indicated a low concern for these issues. It was discovered as well that Russian SNSs provide new uses and gratifications for those that use them due to some special services and features and they way in which users employ them. SNSs in Russia have been integrated to a great extent into daily lives of users as they imply various benefits for users and can be utilized for both personal and business purposes. Further detailed research can be conducted for each sphere of these findings, such as problems of privacy and addiction, connection of privacy issues and changes in perception of SNSs, various uses of SNSs including innovative ones such as opportunities of learning and self-education on SNSs. Asiasanat:social media, social network sites, information society, network society, use, perception, young adults

Anthropogenic Vegetation in the River Valley Amalat

The article presents the results of a research study of anthropogenic affects of gold mining on forest landscapes in Northern Transbaikalia, Russia and processes of natural reclamation of vegetation cover of the disturbed areas. The study area is located northwest of the Maliy Amalat River, which flows along the Vitim Plateau; in the floodplains of its two tributaries the Aunik River and the Bagdarin River. It is an area where a large number of alluvial gold deposits have been discovered. Some of these deposits are currently being developed, some have already been explored, and some have been abandoned. The authors consider the current state of vegetation cover in a key area of the Amalat River basin, near villages of Malovsky and Bagdarin. The problem of natural resources development and conservation is becoming extremely important for the area under study because open-pit gold mining methods that are used here drastically change the environment and affect water, land and forest resources