Ablation of biological tissues by radiation of strontium vapor laser

A two-stage laser system consisting of a master oscillator and a power amplifier based on sources of selfcontaine

Конституционный статус федеральных территорий в России: теоретические основы законодательного регулирования

The subject of the study is the constitutional concept of federal territories in Russia. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that constitutional status of federal territories in Russia consists of system of elements and identify such elements. The authors use the method of formal legal interpretation of Russian Constitution, the methods of comparative constitutional law, complex analysis, systemic interpretation of Russian laws and drafts of laws. The main results of research, scope of application. When making an amendment to part 1 of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the content of this innovation was not disclosed. Therefore the federal law on federal territories will be of decisive importance. The authors define the constitutional characteristics of the federal territories based on the literal content of the constitutional norm and the conclusion of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The federal territory is an element of the state territory that is not a subject of the federal structure and has a status different from the status of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. There are specific features of the organization of public power in federal territory. The authors’ vision of the content of each of the elements of the federal territories is presented. It is noted that the defining element of the status of federal territories will be the purpose of their creation. The authors propose a conceptual division of federal territories in Russia into two types: inhabited and uninhabited. It is stated that at the moment, the status elements can be clearly defined only in relation to uninhabited federal territories. The formation of the concept of inhabited federal territories will depend on definition of the purpose of their creation. Conclusions. It is proposed to consider the elements of the status of federal territories in Russia, based on the elements of the status of the subject of the Russian Federation, and in comparison with them. Such elements are: territory, population, subjects of jurisdiction, responsibilities, state power organization, property and budget, system of taxes and fees, names and symbols, population’s role in the state affairs management.Исходя из буквального содержания конституционной нормы и заключения Конституционного Суда РФ, определяются конституционные характеристики федеральных территорий. Предлагается рассматривать статус федеральных территорий исходя из элементов статуса субъекта Российской Федерации: территории, населения, предметов ведения, организации государственной власти, имущества и бюджета, системы налогов и сборов, наименования и символов, участия населения в управлении делами государства. Предлагается их деление на два вида: населенные и ненаселенные. Отмечается, что новая редакция ч. 1 ст. 67 Конституции РФ не раскрывает содержание федеральных территорий, в связи с чем определяющее значение для определения их правового статуса будут иметь цели создания федеральных территорий и положения соответствующего федерального закона

Economic potential and development prospects of small businesses in rural areas

The article examines the role of small business in the development of rural areas by the example of bakery production. Moreover, it demonstrates the need for the interaction of small bakery businesses with large enterprises of the industry and grain processors. The article reveals the development trends of small bakery production in rural areas. The conditions for the participation of small bakery businesses in rural areas in the development of the production of functional and specialized bread are substantiated. The article proposes the directions and mechanisms of support for small bakery production at the level of rural territories. The development of modern methods of redistribution of bakery production in proportion to the living population, measures of state support for small bakery production and expansion of the range of bread products that contribute to improving the health of the population of Russia, is the theme of this study. The object of the research is the development of small bakery production as a condition for improving the quality of life of the population in rural areas. The subject of the research is production and management relations that ensure the development of small bakery production and its impact on the quality of life of the population in rural areas.peer-reviewe

NEW FORMS OF ORGANIZATION WHILE PROVIDING ORTHOPEDIC CARE TO PATIENTS WITH MANIFESTATIONS OF DYSPLASIA AND DEGENERATIVE SYNDROME

Seeing the formation of new system pathology of musculoskeletal system under the condition of man-made pollution of the habitat of the population of Eastern Siberia the authors suggest the creation of new organizational forms of detection and treatment of this pathology because it promotes prevention and reduction of the disability level in children and teenagers. Teenagers of 15-18 years old don't have opportunity to get specialized inpatient orthopedic and trauma care in hospitals of Irkutsk region. In it's turn early prophylaxis of disability of children and teenagers with pathology of musculoskeletal system has not only medical, social but economic efficiency as well. Saving a decent quality of life has a humanitarian significance for great part of children population of Irkutsk region. The creation of efficient programs of rehabilitation needs understanding of general mechanisms of pathological process development. Noninvasive methods of diagnostics let to reveal the disease in early stages

Metal vapor lasers with increased reliability

Results of investigation and development of an excitation pulse generator with magnetic pulse compression by saturation chokes for pumping of active media of CuBr, Sr, and Ca vapor lasers are presented. A high-power IGBT transistor is used as a commutator. The generator can operate at excitation pulse repetition frequencies up to 20 kHz. The total average power for all laser lines of the CuBr laser pumped by this generator is ~6.0 W; it is ~1.3–1.7 W for the Sr and Ca lasers

ПРИЧИНЫ УСИЛЕНИЯ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ КОРНЕВЫХ ГНИЛЕЙ ВСХОДОВ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЛЕСОСТЕПИ ПРИОБЬЯ

The article shows the results of many year research on injuriousness of spring wheat root rot in different systems of soil tillage in grain-fallow crop rotations of Western Siberian forest-steppe. The research was carried out from 1986 to2015 inthe immobile field experiment of Siberian Research Institute of Arable Farming and Chemicalization of Agriculture (Novosibirskregion). The authors applied the following systems of soil tillage: reclaiming in the steam 25–27 sm deep and 20–22 sm for grain crops, nonmouldboard cultivation by means of stilts 25–27 sm deep in the steam and 20–22 sm under the crops, minimal tillage on 10–12 sm and no-tillage. The main reasons for spreading of common root rot on the crops are considered to be extreme climate conditions for vegetation and insufficient application of plant protection chemicals. The degree of disease progress varied insignificantly in the variants with reclaiming, nonmouldboard and no-tillage during 19 years of observation. The infection progress index depends on the moisture in vegetation period. The high est injuriousness of common root rot causative agents was observed after drought and high temperatures. The paper outlines accumulation of common root causative agents in the soil in 1.5–2 times when soil tillage was less in comparison with reclaiming.Представлены многолетние результаты изучения вредоносности обыкновенной корневой гнили яровой пшеницы по разным системам основной обработки почвы в зернопаровых севооборотах лесостепи Западной Сибири. Исследования проведены с 1986 по2015 г. в многофакторном стационарном полевом опыте ФГБНУ СибНИИЗиХ (Новосибирская область). Под зерновые культуры применялись следующие способы основной обработки почвы: вспашка на глубину 20–22 см, глубокое безотвальное рыхление стойками СибИМЭ на 20–22 см), минимальная плоскорезная обработка на 10–12 см, а также вариант без зяблевой обработки (только ранневесенняя культивация на 6–8 см). Основными причинами усиления распространения корневой гнили на зерновых культурах в последние годы названы: частая повторяемость экстремальных погодных условий вегетации, а также недостаточное применение средств защиты растений. Показана зависимость индекса развития инфекции от степени увлажнения вегетационного периода. Максимальная вредоносность возбудителей корневой гнили отмечалась в условиях засухи на фоне высоких температур. При этом наиболее сильно дефицит влаги сказывался на развитии инфекции по вспашке и без зяблевой обработки почвы, что обусловлено низкими запасами влаги в пахотном горизонте этих вариантов в посевной период. В годы с избыточным увлажнением отмечено увеличение индекса развития корневой гнили при безотвальной обработке почвы и без основной обработки, что объясняется усиленным накоплением инфекции в верхнем слое почвы этих вариантов. Подтверждено накопление возбудителей корневой гнили в пахотном горизонте почвы при минимальной плоскорезной обработке и в отсутствие основной обработки в 1,5–2 раза в сравнении со вспашкой

ПРАКТИКА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ТЕХНИК ДИЗАЙН-МЫШЛЕНИЯ В КУРСЕ «ИНТЕРНЕТ-ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО»: ОТ СОЗДАНИЯ ИДЕИ ДО ПРОТОТИПИРОВАНИЯ

The paper examines the experience of applying new experimental education methods to the development of creative abilities, research skills and building communications in the staff training for technological entrepreneurship. Not long ago, universities began to include the technological business course into the educational process. To learn how to code, promote one’s project over the Internet using well-known online marketing technologies, project management methodologies, management principles, techniques of interviewing potential users to determine the usefulness of a non-existent but almost created and almost sold product is not difficult. But it is one thing to speak about the already established methods of analyzing the success of the promotion of a product, a website, an advertising message on the Internet that can be tested on ready solutions, and quite the other thing is to teach a person to conceive an idea, analyze its feasibility, evaluate its competitive advantages, create a prototype and launch it into the test environment. The authors propose to consider the design thinking techniques precisely in the context of their applicability at the initial stages of a startup company’s life cycle. The key stages of the design thinking process - empathy, focusing, generation, selection, prototyping and testing - are built on the ability to quickly generate a variety of ideas that make it possible to get away from banality as well as on rules of choosing the best solution, its embodiment, even at the prototype level, and testing. The sessions are based on game mechanics and cases that allow development of solutions for abnormal situations.В статье представлен опыт применения новых экспериментальных методов образования для развития творческих способностей, исследовательских навыков и выстраивания коммуникаций в подготовке кадров для технологического предпринимательства. В последнее время вузы стали включать в учебный процесс курсы по технологическому предпринимательству. Научить кодировать, продвигать свой проект в сети, используя известные технологии интернет-маркетинга, методики управления проектом, принципы менеджмента, техники интервьюирования потенциальных пользователей для определения полезностей еще не существующего, но почти созданного и почти проданного продукта, несложно. Но одно дело рассказывать об уже сложившихся методах анализа успешности продвижения продукта, сайта, рекламного сообщения в Интернете, что можно проверить на готовых решениях, и совершенно другое - дать возможность самим придумать идею, проанализировать ее осуществимость, оценить конкурентные преимущества, создать прототип и запустить его в тестовую среду. Рассматривать техники дизайн-мышления мы предлагаем именно с точки зрения их применимости по начальным этапам жизненного цикла стартапа. В дизайн-мышлении ключевые ступени процесса - эмпатия, фокусировка, генерация, выбор, прототипирование и тестирование - построены на возможности быстрой генерации множества идей, позволяющих уйти от банальности, а также на правилах, как выбрать лучшее решение, создать его, пусть на уровне прототипа, и запустить в тестирование. В основе проведения сессий лежат игровые механики, кейсы, которые позволяют вырабатывать варианты решений в нестандартных ситуациях

Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 Improves Dermal Wound Healing in Genetically Diabetic Mice

Oxidative stress is widely recognized as an important factor in the delayed wound healing in diabetes. However, the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in this process is unknown. It was assumed that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are involved in many wound-healing processes in both diabetic humans and animals. We have applied the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant 10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) to explore the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the wound healing of genetically diabetic mice. Healing of full-thickness excisional dermal wounds in diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db−/db− mice was significantly enhanced after long-term (12 weeks) administration of SkQ1. SkQ1 accelerated wound closure and stimulated epithelization, granulation tissue formation, and vascularization. On the 7th day after wounding, SkQ1 treatment increased the number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells (myofibroblasts), reduced the number of neutrophils, and increased macrophage infiltration. SkQ1 lowered lipid peroxidation level but did not change the level of the circulatory IL-6 and TNF. SkQ1 pretreatment also stimulated cell migration in a scratch-wound assay in vitro under hyperglycemic condition. Thus, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant normalized both inflammatory and regenerative phases of wound healing in diabetic mice. Our results pointed to nearly all the major steps of wound healing as the target of excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in type II diabetes