The formation of colostral immunity and its duration in calves during the first months of life

The paper presents the results of a study on the formation of colostral immunity and the determination of its duration during the first months of life of calves according to the indications of the level of total IgG and antigen-specific antibodies to pathogens of рarainfluenza 3, respiratory syncytial infection and viral diarrhea of cattle. It has been established that blood serum of newborn calves does not contain antigen-specific immunoglobulins of class G to pathogens of viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection and parainfluenza-3, and the level of total IgG is 2.2 ± 0.61 g/dm3. The concentration of total IgG is increased to 50.50 ± 6.33 g/dm3, and decreases to 27.25 ± 5.82 g/dm3 for 28 days, which contributes to the formation of the immunosuppressive state at the 7th day of a calf life. Starting from 35th day, there is an increase in the concentration of total IgG due to seroconverting of its own antibodies by the body of calves. Immunization of cows-mothers against viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection and parainfluenza-3 contributes to the formation of antigen-specific colostral immunity in calves in the first days of life, which is preserved in diagnostic titers during 63 days after birth

Complex application of magnetic and magnetoacoustic parameters in the structuroscopy of ferromagnetic materials

The set of magnetic parameters and amplitude-frequency spectral characteristics of magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) of a large group of metal ferromagnetic materials differing in their physical properties and size are investigated. It is shown that the change in critical fields determined by the shape of the magnetization curve and the hysteresis loop of bulk samples with an increase in the annealing temperature of cold-deformed steel 20G is 1.5-3 times greater than the change in such well-known parameters for estimating the stress-strain state, such as coercive force and residual magnetic induction. It has been established that the amplitude of magnetoacoustic emission correlates with the residual magnetic induction, which makes it possible to recommend the complex application of these testing parameters in scanning systems of structuroscopy of ferromagnetic materials. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 18-38-00253The research was carried out within the state assignment of Minobrnauki of Russia (theme “Diagnostics” No. АААА-А18-118020690196-3), supported in part by RFBR (project No. 18-38-00253)

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИММУННОГО СТАТУСА У СПОРТСМЕНОВ, СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРУЮЩИХСЯ В АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ ГРЕБЛЕ И ГАНДБОЛЕ

The work is perfromed at the department of the hospital therapy GPMU, laboratory of llergiology and immunology of the research-practical Center of Dental faculty of SpbGMU named after I. Р. Pavlov. State of cellular and humoral immunity at the beginning and at the end of the training year of 15-17 years old young sportsmen of the first level and candidates masters of sports involved in an academic rowing and handball was studied. The athletes of both groups showed significant improvements as compared to the persons not involved in sports, lymphocyte apoptosis inducers (CD95+), the natural killer cells (CD16 + ) and B-lymphocytes (CD20 + ). Over time, in the athletes, regardless the sport, unidirectional changes are detected, encompassing the enhancing of the relative number of CD25+ with receptors for IL2, and immunoglobulin levels.Работа выполнена на базе кафедры госпитальной терапии ГПМУ, лаборатории аллергологии и иммунологии Научно-практического центра стоматологического факультета СПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова. Изучено состояние клеточного и гуморального звена иммунитета в начале и конце учебно-тренировочного года у юношей-спортсменов 15 - 17 лет, 1 разряда и кандидатов в мастера спорта, занимающихся академической греблей и гандболом. У спортсменов обеих групп установлено значительное повышение относительно лиц, не занимающихся спортом, лимфоцитов - индукторов апоптоза (CD95+), естественных киллеров (CD16+) и В-лимфоцитов (CD20 + ). В динамике у спортсменов вне зависимости от вида спорта происходят однонаправленные изменения, выражающиеся в повышении относительного числа CD25+ с рецепторами к ИЛ2 и уровня иммуноглобулинов

Оцінка протоколу очищення та дезінфекції у свинарських приміщеннях контамінованих вірусом епідемічної діареї свиней

The results of the determination of the efficiency of the cleaning and disinfection protocol of pig farms contaminated by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus are presented in this study. The research was conducted in the Scientific Research Center of Biosafety and Environmental Control AIC of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. The experimental part was carried out on the basis of a permanently infected pig breeding farm of the southern region of Ukraine. In order to determine the critical points, a selection of samples of washings/scraps from the surfaces of the pig farm’s premises and the objects of the environment was carried out before cleaning and disinfection and after 1 and 2 premises’ sanitation. A total of 204 tests were analyzed. Disinfection of the territory of pig farms and livestock premises was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Before disinfection, a thorough mechanical cleaning of livestock premises was carried out, with subsequent irrigation of all surfaces with cold tap water. Disinfection of premises and the territory of the pig complex was carried out by the wet cleaning of surfaces with a solution of disinfectant based on glutaraldehyde after preparatory operations in the absence of animals. After disinfection the premises were additionally processed with Ca(OH)2 solution. Washes were obtained with a sterile swab from a surface of 10.0 cm2 by inserting a swab into a test tube with a sterile physiological solution. Scraps from the surfaces were obtained with a disposable sterile blades from the scalpel. The obtained material was placed in disposable sterile plastic 1.5–2.0 cm3 test tubes. The study of the presence of the PEDV was performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction with the previous reverse transcription of RNA. It was established that the causative agent of PED in a permanently infected farm contaminates most of the production and auxiliary premises and objects of the environment. The one-time cleaning and disinfection protocol does not allow free the farm from the PEDV completely. Only two-time sanitation of premises and objects of the environment with the laboratory control of the efficiency of cleaning and disinfection contributes to the effective eradication of the PEDV.У роботі представлено результати визначення ефективності протоколу очищення та дезінфекції у свинарських приміщеннях контамінованих вірусом епідемічної діареї свиней. Дослідження проведені в Науково-дослідному центрі біобезпеки та екологічного контролю ресурсів агропромислового комплексу Дніпровського державного аграрно-економічного університету. Експериментальна частина проведена на базі стаціонарно неблагополучного свинарського підприємства південного регіону України. Для визначення критичних точок було проведено відбір зразків змивів / зішкрібів з поверхонь приміщень свиноферми та об’єктів навколишнього середовища до проведення очищення та дезінфекції та після 1 і 2 санації приміщень. Всього було протестована 204 проб. Дезінфекцію території свинарських комплексів і тваринницьких приміщень проводили згідно загальноприйнятих способів. Перед дезінфекцією проводили ретельне механічне очищення тваринницьких приміщень з подальшим зрошенням всіх поверхонь холодної водопровідної водою. Після підготовчих операцій проводили дезінфекцію свинарських приміщень і території свинокомплексу, за відсутності тварин, вологою обробкою поверхні розчином дезінфікуючого засобу на основі глутарового альдегіду. Після дезінфекції приміщення додатково проводили обробку свіжо гашеним вапном. Змиви проводили стерильним тампоном з поверхні розміром 10,0 см2, встромлюючи тампон в пробірку із стерильним фізіологічним розчином. Зішкріби з поверхонь проводили одноразовими стерильними лезами від скальпеля. Отриманий матеріал поміщали в одноразові стерильні пластикові пробірки об’ємом 1,5–2,0 см3. Дослідження наявності вірусу ЕДС проводили за допомогою полімеразної ланцюгової реакції із детекцією результатів у реальному часі за попередньої зворотної транскрипції РНК (RT-PCR). Встановлено, що збудник ЕДС у стаціонарно неблагополучному господарстві контамінує більшість виробничих і допоміжних приміщень та об’єктів навколишнього середовища. Використаний одноразовий протокол очищення та дезінфекції не дає змогу повністю звільнити господарство від вірусу ЕДС. Лише дворазова санація приміщень та об’єктів навколишнього середовища, яка відбувається з урахуванням результатів лабораторного контролю ефективності очищення та дезінфекції сприяє ефективній ерадикації збуднику ЕДС

Digital receivers for low-frequency radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT

This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. Since 1998, digital receivers performing on-the-fly dynamic spectrum calculations or waveform data recording without data loss have been used at the UTR-2 radio telescope, the URAN VLBI system, and the GURT new generation radio telescope. Here we detail these receivers developed for operation in the strong interference environment that prevails in the decameter wavelength range. Data collected with these receivers allowed us to discover numerous radio astronomical objects and phenomena at low frequencies, a summary of which is also presented.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figure

Epidemiological situation on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2021

The review presents an analysis of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Russian Federation in 2021. 49 cases of CCHF were detected in 2021, which is 1.53 times higher than in 2020. The mortality rate was 6.1 %. Sporadic cases of CCHF were registered in the Stavropol Territory, Rostov, Volgograd Regions, the Republics of Dagestan and Kalmykia. The incidence rates of CCHF were below the long-term average annual values in the majority of the constituent entities. Epizootiological survey of stationary observation points has revealed that the number of Hyalomma marginatum imago corresponded to the average long-term indicators in 2021, the peak of H. marginatum activity was noted in the II–III decades of May. The proportion of Ixodidae tick pools positive for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus markers exceeded the long-term average indexes in a number of regions. On the territory of the natural focus of CCHF, the circulation of the CCHF virus of the genetic lineages “Europe-1” and “Europe-3” was detected in 2021. Based on the analysis of the epidemiological data of the previous year and natural and climatic factors affecting the abundance and vital activity of H. marginatum ticks, risk-based quantitative forecast for the incidence of CCHF in the Stavropol Territory for 2022 has been compiled

Magnetic parameters of control of stress-strained state carbon steels

The complex of magnetic and magnetoacoustic properties of cold and annealed at different temperatures steels with a carbon content of 0.2% (steel 20G) and 0.7% (steel 70G) has been researched. It was found that with increasing annealing temperature of these steels up to 700 0C monotonically increasing values associated with the intensity of irreversible processes of magnetization reversal. It is shown that the coercive force of 70G steel by varying the annealing changes nonmonotonically and can not be a parameter control. Among quasistatically measured magnetic parameters to control the annealing can be used residual induction and the induction of the coercive return. The structural sensitivity of such parameters of the magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) as amplitude, base frequency, maximum field of MAE has been researched. The amplitude and the maximum field MAE correlate with remanence substances investigated steels may be used for diagnostics.Исследован комплекс магнитных и магнитоакустических свойств холоднодеформированных и отожженных при различных температурах сталей с содержанием углерода 0,2 % (сталь 20Г) и 0,7 % (сталь 70Г). Установлено, что при увеличении температуры отжига этих сталей вплоть до 700 0С монотонно растут значения параметров, связанных с интенсивностью необратимых процессов перемагничивания. Показано, что коэрцитивная сила стали 70Г при вариации отжига меняется немонотонно и не может быть параметром контроля. Из числа квазистатически измеряемых магнитных параметров для контроля отжига могут быть использованы остаточная индукция и индукция коэрцитивного возврата. Исследована структурная чувствительность таких параметров магнитоакустической эмиссии (МАЭ), как амплитуда, основная частота, поле максимума МАЭ. Показано, что амплитуда и поле максимума МАЭ коррелируют с остаточной магнитной индукцией вещества исследованных сталей и могут быть использованы при диагностике.Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФАНО России по теме «Диагностика» № 01201463329

Comparative genome analysis of Pseudogymnoascus spp. reveals primarily clonal evolution with small genome fragments exchanged between lineages

Abstract Background Pseudogymnoascus spp. is a wide group of fungi lineages in the family Pseudorotiaceae including an aggressive pathogen of bats P. destructans. Although several lineages of P. spp. were shown to produce ascospores in culture, the vast majority of P. spp. demonstrates no evidence of sexual reproduction. P. spp. can tolerate a wide range of different temperatures and salinities and can survive even in permafrost layer. Adaptability of P. spp. to different environments is accompanied by extremely variable morphology and physiology. Results We sequenced genotypes of 14 strains of P. spp., 5 of which were extracted from permafrost, 1 from a cryopeg, a layer of unfrozen ground in permafrost, and 8 from temperate surface environments. All sequenced genotypes are haploid. Nucleotide diversity among these genomes is very high, with a typical evolutionary distance at synonymous sites dS ≈ 0.5, suggesting that the last common ancestor of these strains lived >50Mya. The strains extracted from permafrost do not form a separate clade. Instead, each permafrost strain has close relatives from temperate environments. We observed a strictly clonal population structure with no conflicting topologies for ~99% of genome sequences. However, there is a number of short (~100–10,000 nt) genomic segments with the total length of 67.6 Kb which possess phylogenetic patterns strikingly different from the rest of the genome. The most remarkable case is a MAT-locus, which has 2 distinct alleles interspersed along the whole-genome phylogenetic tree. Conclusions Predominantly clonal structure of genome sequences is consistent with the observations that sexual reproduction is rare in P. spp. Small number of regions with noncanonical phylogenies seem to arise due to some recombination events between derived lineages of P. spp., with MAT-locus being transferred on multiple occasions. All sequenced strains have heterothallic configuration of MAT-locus.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111733/1/12864_2015_Article_1570.pd

Magnetics Hysteresis Properties and Microstructure of High-Energy (Nd,Dy)–Fe–B Magnets with Low Oxygen Content

Abstract: Magnetic properties and microstructure of high-energy (Nd,Dy)–Fe–B magnets with Dy of no more than 1 wt % prepared via a low-oxygen routine are studied. Oxygen content in magnets does not exceed 0.20 wt %. 0.5 wt %–Dy addition reliably stabilizes the coercivity MHc higher than 13 kOe; in this case, the maximum energy density product (BH)max of magnets is 48.5–49.5 MG Oe. High magnetic hysteresis properties are gained via optimization of chemical and phase compositions of magnets, as well as their microstructure. The grain size of the main Nd2Fe14B phase is approximately 3.5 μm; and according to X-ray analysis, the weight fraction of additional Nd-rich phases (NdOx and Nd2O3) does not exceed 2.5%. Scanning electron microscopy study has demonstrated that in triple junctions of Nd2Fe14B grains there are two types of inclusions (В and С) of the NdOx phase, which significantly differ by their chemical composition. С-phase inclusions with low oxygen content (х ≈ 0.03) are enriched in Fe (40–50 wt %); whereas, В-phase with high oxygen content (х ≈ 0.70) contains 3–5 times less Fe. The angular dependences of coercivity of (Nd,Dy)–Fe–B magnets are presented. © 2021, The Author(s).The work is performed in the framework of state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (theme “Magnet,” No. АААА-А18-118020290129-5)

Comparative Dissolution Kinetics of Several Multisource Thioctic Acid Products

The relationship between dissolution and bioavailability is an example of the interdependency between the quality of a medicinal product and its safety and efficacy. The uniqueness of thioctic acid is that it can exist in an oxidised and a reduced form, showing lipophilic (lipoic acid) and hydrophilic (dihydrolipoic acid) properties. Bioavailability studies of thioctic acid are necessary to evaluate the expected therapeutic effect and mitigate side effects of the medicinal product.The aim of the study was to carry out equivalence dissolution testing to compare the release of thioctic acid from medicinal products produced by several manufacturers.Materials and methods: the study used a reference medicinal product and three multisource medicinal products by different manufacturers; more specifically, film-coated tablets containing 600 mg of thioctic acid. The experiment was carried out in dissolution media at pH of 6.8±0.05 and 1.2±0.05. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the average amounts of the substance dissolved, the standard deviation (SD), and the relative standard deviation (RSD, %) using Microsoft Office Excel 2007.Results: The authors chose the testing conditions (dissolution media pH values of 6.8±0.05 and 1.2±0.05) taking into account the nature and characteristics of thioctic acid. The comparison of thioctic acid release profiles based on the calculation of the similarity factor (f2) showed that the dissolution profiles of multisource medicinal products 2 and 3 at pH 6.8 were equivalent to that of the reference medicinal product (more than 85% of the active pharmaceutical ingredient released within 15 minutes) and the dissolution profile of multisource medicinal product 1 was not equivalent to it (with f2 of 28).Conclusions: the established differences in the rate and degree of active ingredient release from the studied medicinal products may indicate possible differences in their pharmacological effectiveness in vivo