394 research outputs found
Debye relaxation in high magnetic fields
Dielectric relaxation is universal in characterizing polar liquids and
solids, insulators, and semiconductors, and the theoretical models are well
developed. However, in high magnetic fields, previously unknown aspects of
dielectric relaxation can be revealed and exploited. Here, we report low
temperature dielectric relaxation measurements in lightly doped silicon in high
dc magnetic fields B both parallel and perpendicular to the applied ac electric
field E. For B//E, we observe a temperature and magnetic field dependent
dielectric dispersion e(w)characteristic of conventional Debye relaxation where
the free carrier concentration is dependent on thermal dopant ionization,
magnetic freeze-out, and/or magnetic localization effects. However, for BperpE,
anomalous dispersion emerges in e(w) with increasing magnetic field. It is
shown that the Debye formalism can be simply extended by adding the Lorentz
force to describe the general response of a dielectric in crossed magnetic and
electric fields. Moreover, we predict and observe a new transverse dielectric
response EH perp B perp E not previously described in magneto-dielectric
measurements. The new formalism allows the determination of the mobility and
the ability to discriminate between magnetic localization/freeze out and
Lorentz force effects in the magneto-dielectric response.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure
Facile synthesis of layered hexagonal MoS2
In this work synthesis of layered molybdenum sulphide (MoS2) through a temperature-controlled thermal evaporation approach is reported. Simultaneous co-evaporation of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and sulphur in an argon environment is employed. The as-deposited thin films are characterized by diffraction and microscopy
Atomically thin layers of MoS2 via a two step thermal evaporation-exfoliation method
Two dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has recently become of interest to semiconductor and optic industries. However, the current methods for its synthesis require harsh environments that are not compatible with standard fabrication processes. We report on a facile synthesis method of layered MoS2 using a thermal evaporation technique, which requires modest conditions. In this process, a mixture of MoS2 and molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) is produced by evaporating sulfur powder and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nano-particles simultaneously. Further annealing in a sulfur-rich environment transforms majority of the excess MoO2 into layered MoS2. The deposited MoS2 is then mechanically exfoliated into minimum resolvable atomically thin layers, which are characterized using micro-Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore Raman spectroscopy is employed to determine the effect of electrochemical lithium ion exposure on atomically thin layers of MoS2
Kaemika app, Integrating protocols and chemical simulation
Kaemika is an app available on the four major app stores. It provides
deterministic and stochastic simulation, supporting natural chemical notation
enhanced with recursive and conditional generation of chemical reaction
networks. It has a liquid-handling protocol sublanguage compiled to a virtual
digital microfluidic device. Chemical and microfluidic simulations can be
interleaved for full experimental-cycle modeling. A novel and unambiguous
representation of directed multigraphs is used to lay out chemical reaction
networks in graphical form
Projective-Plane Iteratively Decodable Block Codes for WDM High-Speed Long-Haul Transmission Systems
Comparative Structural and Optical Properties of Different Ceria Nanoparticles
Herein a comparative study of five nanocrystalline cerium oxides (CeO2-delta) synthesised by different methods and calcined at 500 degrees C is reported. XRPD analysis showed that stoichiometry parameter delta, crystallite size/strain and lattice constant were only slightly affected by the method utilized. All ceria nanoparticles are nearly spherical in shape with faceted morphology, free of defects and with a relatively uniform size distribution. The average microstrain was found to be approximately 10 times higher than that of bulk counterpart. The absorption edge of nanocrystalline materials was shifted towards a higher wavelengths (red shift) in comparison with bulk counterpart, and band gap values were in the range 2.7-3.24 eV (3.33 eV for bulk counterpart)
A small temperature rise may contribute towards the apparent induction by microwaves of heatshock gene expression in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
We have previously reported that low-intensity microwave exposure (0.75-1.0 GHz CW at 0.5 W; SAR 4-40 mW kg-1) can induce an apparently non-thermal heat-shock response in Caenorhabditis elegans worms carrying hsp16-1::reporter genes. Using matched copper TEM cells for both sham and exposed groups, we can detect only modest reporter induction in the latter (15-20% after 2.5 h at 26°C, rising to ~50% after 20 h). Traceable calibration of our copper TEM cell by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) reveals significant power loss within the cell (8.5% at 1.0 GHz), accompanied by slight heating of exposed samples (~0.3°C at 1.0 W). Thus exposed samples are in fact slightly warmer (by ≤0.2°C at 0.5 W) than sham controls. Following NPL recommendations, our TEM cell design was modified with the
aim of reducing both power loss and consequent heating. In the modified silver-plated cell, power loss is
only 1.5% at 1.0 GHz, and sample warming is reduced to ~ 0.15°C at 1.0 W (i.e. ≤ 0.1°C at 0.5 W). Under sham:sham conditions, there is no difference in reporter expression between the modified silverplated TEM cell and an unmodified copper cell. However, worms exposed to microwaves (1.0 GHz and 0.5 W) in the silver-plated cell also show no detectable induction of reporter expression relative to sham controls in the copper cell. Thus the 20% “microwave induction” observed using two copper cells may be
caused by a small temperature difference between sham and exposed conditions. In worms incubated for 2.5 h at 26.0, 26.2 and 27.0°C (with no microwave field), there is a consistent and significant increase in reporter expression between 26.0 and 26.2°C (by ~20% in each of 6 independent runs), but paradoxically expression levels at 27.0°C are similar to those seen at 26.0°C. This surprising result is in line with other evidence pointing towards complex regulation of hsp16-1 gene expression across the sub-heat-shock range of 25-27.5°C in C. elegans. We conclude that our original interpretation of a non-thermal effect of microwaves cannot be sustained; at least part of the explanation appears to be thermal
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