Naturbilder in der Lyrik von Heinrich Heine und Juhan Liiv

Das Thema meiner literaturwissenschaftlichen Forschung ist ein Vergleich der lyrischen Dichtung von Heinrich Heine (1797–1856), einem der bekanntesten deutschen Dichter und Schriftsteller, der heutzutage als letzter Vertreter und gleichzeitig als Überwinder der Romantik gilt, und von Juhan Liiv (1864–1913), dem estnischen Dichter, der am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts lebte und für seine Experimente mit der Poetik und Lyrik bekannt ist. Während die Bedeutung der Lyrik von Heinrich Heine in der Weltliteratur schon längst gesichert ist, wird die von Juhan Liiv erst entdeckt.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5458893*es

Модификация физико-химических свойств биосовместимых полимеров методом ионной имплантации

В данной работе было рассмотрено влияние ионной имплантации ионов серебра, цинка и магния с экспозиционными дозами 110‘^ и ион/см^ на поверхностные свойства поливиниловог

Effect of silver ion implantation on surface physicochemical properties of composite materials based on polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite

The investigation of surface physicochemical and biological properties of polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite and composite materials based on them modified by Ag 1×1015 ion/cm2 and 1×1016 ion/cm2 40 keV ion implantation is presented. X-ray analysis reveals that ion implantation of the above mentioned materials leads to crystallite size and degree of crystallinity increase. The intensity of -С=О line is found by IR-spectroscopy to be decreased that is associated with surface layer carbonization processes of PLA during ion implantation. Silver ion introducing is established to enhance hydrophobic properties of the materials; this process is accompanied by free surface energy decreasing. It is shown that cell viability of non-implanted PLA is comparable with a control sample and ion implantation negatively affects to cell viability. The investigated materials can be promising for biomedical application

Regularities of PLA mechanical property modification under ion implantation conditions

The investigations of the surface physicochemical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) modified by argon, carbon and silver ion implantation to fluences of 1∙1014, 1∙1015 and 1∙1016 cm2 and energies of 20 keV, 20 keV and 42 keV respectively are described. The projected ion ranges in the polymer matrix are estimated by the computer simulation with the TRIDYN code, as well as energies of electron and nuclear stopping are assessed according to the SRIM modelling. The microhardness and elastic modulus are established to be dependent on the degree of crystallinity of the material. It was found that the microdistortions and strains of the PLA crystal lattice increase after ion implantation due to the structural alteration and defect formation. Long-range effect expressed as bigger depth of modified surface layer than the ion range in the material is suggested as a result of the radiation- stimulated diffusion and thermal restructuring of the material

Low-temperature barrier discharge plasma modification of scaffolds based on polylactic acid

We have explored the effect of low-temperature barrier discharge plasma treatment in oxygen, nitrogen, and argon on modification of the physicochemical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)-based scaffolds. The cellular-mediated immune response to the interaction of macrophages of three donors with the modified surface of PLA-based scaffolds was also nvestigated. Carbonization of the PLA surface accompanied by a carbon atomic concentration increase is shown to occur following plasma treatment. Argon plasma significantly affects the wettability characteristics of PLA; the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity are improved, and the surface energy is increased. The viability of cells in the presence of plasma-modified PLA scaffolds is lower than that for unmodified PLA but remains greater than that for the negative control. We find that PLA scaffolds do not cause increased expression of the proinflammatory (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β) cytokines after 6 days of cell cultivation. At the same time, PLA scaffolds do not affect the increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10)

Профессиональные и образовательные стратегии современных абитуриентов

The article deals with approaches to the understanding of the profession and professional choice in domestic and foreign scientific thought. The key issues of the study of vocational guidance and professional choice are presented in the historical perspective. The interrelation of choosing future life path, professional future and that educational institution, which in the future will allow youth not only to get a profession, but also serves as a launching pad for future career, is considered particularly acute by the end of school before each graduate. Today, the choice of the educational institution by the applicants remains a significant problem for them and in this regard the researchers face the task of characterizing the educational behavior of modern high school students, future applicants.To answer these questions, the staff of Faculty of sociology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University was conducted among senior pupil of Moscow schools. The article presents the results of studies of different years of satisfaction with the level of received education, the motives for choosing the future education of senior pupils, and value orientations of youth. The main factors influencing the choice of the desired level of education and educational institution, as well as the basic model-goals of education used by youth in choosing their life path, were highlighted. The significance of higher education for future applicants and a steady increase in the trend of the spread of consumer behavior of youth, orientation in their life strategies towards success and high material wealth, a certain social status, are confirmed on the basis of the obtained data.В статье рассматриваются подходы к пониманию профессии и профессионального выбора в отечественной и зарубежной научной мысли. Представлены в исторической ретроспективе ключевые вопросы исследования профессиональной ориентации и профессионального выбора. Рассмотрена взаимосвязь выбора своего дальнейшего жизненного пути, своего профессионального будущего и того учебного заведения, которое в дальнейшем позволит не только получить профессию, но и послужит стартовой площадкой для будущей карьеры. Сегодня выбор учебного заведения абитуриентами остается значимой проблемой для них и в связи с этим перед исследователями встает задача дать характеристику образовательного поведения современных старшеклассников, будущих абитуриентов.Для ответа на эти вопросы сотрудниками социологического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова было проведено исследование среди старшеклассников московских школ. В статье представлены результаты исследований разных лет удовлетворенности уровнем получаемого образования, мотивов выбора будущего образования школьниками старших классов, ценностных ориентаций молодежи. Были выделены основные факторы, влияющие на выбор уровня желаемого образования и учебного заведения, а также базовые модели-цели получения образования, используемые молодыми людьми при выборе жизненного пути. На основе полученных данных подтверждена значимость высшего образования для будущих абитуриентов и устойчивый рост тенденции распространения потребительского поведения молодежи, ориентации в своих жизненных стратегиях на достижение успеха и высокого материального достатка, определенного социального статуса

The social adaptation of caregivers for the patients with parkinsonism

In the investigations a few factors were estimated influencing on the quality of life of caregivers for the patients with the advance and late stages of PD. We studied social adaptation level using with Glozman’s scale, clinical features of patients with PD were estimated with UPDRS, Schwab-England’s scale, Bartel index, autonomic impairment’s scale, scale of orthostatic hypotension, Addenbrooke’s scale, NPI, Cornell’s scale of depression with dementia, The main factors determining the social adaptation of caregivers were the severity of PD, especially, autonomic, cognitive, psychotic impairments in patients with PD, as well as limitations in the professional, family and household sectors, leisure, emotional status changes caused by the necessity of patient care.В исследовании оценивались факторы, влияющие на социальную адаптацию лиц, ухаживающих за пациентами с 3-5 стадиями болезни Паркинсона. Для оценки уровня социальной адаптации использовалась шкала социальной адаптации родственников пациентов с БП Ж.М. Глозман, для клинической оценки состояния больных использовались унифицированная шкала БП (UPDRS), шкала Шваба-Ингланда, индекс Бартель, шкала вегетативных нарушений, ортостатической гипотензии, Аденбрукская когнитивная шкала, Корнельская шкала депрессии при деменции, шкала NPI. Основными факторами, определяющими состояние социальной адаптации ухаживающих лиц явились тяжесть симптомов паркинсонизма, особенно двигательных нарушений, психотические, вегетативные и когнитивные расстройства больных с БП, а также ограничения в профессиональной, семейно-бытовой сферах, досуге, изменения эмоционального статуса, вызванные необходимостью ухода за больным

Heterogeneity of speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease: potential for classification, diagnostics and therapy

Introduction. Speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease are a very common clinical sign. The structure of speech disorders is at the moment not fully understood, there is no unified approach to classification, therapy effects have not been studied.Materials and methods: 324 PD patients were primarily included in the study, and from those the patients showing clinically significant speech disorders (22,4%) were selected. All the patients were assessed for motor disorders (UPDRS part 3), cognitive disorders (Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination), as well as affective disorders.Results: by means of cluster analysis we identified 4 subtypes of speech disorders as dysphasia (adynamic, disprosodic, constructive, and logopenic). None of the forms was associated with parkinsonism severity and general severity of cognitive impairment, which allowed to consider dysphasia as a separate clinical syndrome. Disprosodic dysphasia differentiated by severity of axial symptoms (F value = 3.279, p < 0,05), adynamic dysphasia was associated with more pronounced apathy (F value = 4,2, p < 0,01), constructive dysphasia – with impairment of visual-spatial functioning (F value 29,93, p<0,0001), while logopenic dysphasia was associated with more severe attention deficiency.Conclusion: Speech disorders in PD are heterogeneous and can be regarded as manifestations of dysphasia. Identification of various subtypes will allow for optimizing the treatment of PD patients