Uso integral da uva Isabel na elaboração de novos produtos com valor nutricional e potencial funcional

The benefits of grape consumption are widely recognized and mostly due to phenolic compounds. These beneficial effects will depend on the bioaccessibility of these compounds on grape and its derivatives. This study elaborated two formulations of Isabel grape preparation: PAX (with agave and xylitol) and PS (with sucrose); and two formulations of Isabel grape flour: FAX (from the PAX process residues) and the FS (from the PS process residues). The products were analyzed regarding their nutritional and antioxidant properties; their phenolic compounds’ bioaccessibility was also verified through a simulated digestion model. The preparation and flour exhibited relevant sugars levels (10.83-49.71 g 100 g-1). Those produced with natural sweeteners had a reduction in sugar concentration of 51% and 29% for preparation and flour, respectively, compared to formulations with sucrose, with the high fiber content in the flour is being further highlighted (20.14-21.95 g 100 g-1). The catechin (2.37-28.11 mg 100 g-1) was the most bioaccessible compound (22% to 168%), which together with the caftaric acid (2.31-69.43 mg 100 g-1) and malvidin 3-glucoside (8.65-16.47 mg 100 g-1) represent the compounds observed in greater quantity. The preparations showed higher bioaccessibility regarding grapes and flours for most of the phenolic compounds. Furthermore, the products elaborated presented higher values of anthocyanins and antioxidant activity than the in natura grape, highlighting the beneficial effect of grape processing.Os benefícios do consumo da uva já são amplamente reconhecidos e devem-se em grande parte aos compostos fenólicos. Esses efeitos benéficos irão depender da bioacessibilidade desses compostos na uva e em seus derivados. Foram elaboradas duas formulações de preparado de uva Isabel: PAX (com agave e xilitol) e PS (com sacarose); e duas formulações de farinha de uva Isabel: FAX (a partir do resíduo do processamento do PAX) e FS (a partir do resíduo do processamento do PS). Os produtos foram analisados quanto às suas propriedades nutricionais e antioxidantes, e a bioacessibilidade de seus compostos fenólicos foi verificada por meio de um modelo de digestão simulada. O preparado e a farinha apresentaram níveis relevantes de açúcares (10,83-49,71 g 100 g-1), sendo que aqueles produzidos com adoçantes naturais tiveram uma redução na concentração dos açúcares de 51% e 29% para o preparado e a farinha, respectivamente, em comparação com formulações com sacarose, destacando-se também o alto teor de fibras na farinha (20,14-21,95 g 100 g-1). A catequina (2,37-28,11 mg 100 g-1) foi o composto mais bioacessível (22% a 168%), que juntamente com o ácido caftárico (2,31-69,43 mg 100 g-1) e o malvidina 3-glicosídeo (8,65-16,47 mg 100 g-1) representam os compostos observados em maior quantidade. O preparado teve maior bioacessibilidade tanto em relação à uva quanto à farinha para a maioria dos compostos fenólicos. Além disso, os produtos elaborados apresentaram maiores valores de antocianinas e atividade antioxidante que a uva in natura, destacando o efeito benéfico do processamento da uva.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ingredients from integral valorization of Isabel grape to formulate goat yogurt with stimulatory effects on probiotics and beneficial impacts on human colonic microbiota in vitro

Isabel grape (IG) products have high contents of phenolic compounds and fiber recognized for their positive impacts on microorganisms associated with health benefits to host. This study evaluated the effects of goat yogurts formulated with ingredients from IG integral valorization on the growth and metabolism of different probiotic strains, as well as on the population of selected bacterial groups and metabolic activity of human colonic microbiota in vitro. Goat yogurts with IG ingredients (IGI) stimulated the growth of tested Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic strains during a 48-h cultivation, as well as decreased the pH values and enhanced the organic acid production. Goat yogurts with IGI increased the population of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. during a 24-h in vitro colonic fermentation. A stable Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio close to 1 was found in media with goat yogurt formulations during the colonic fermentation, being similar to the effect caused by fructooligosaccharides. Goat yogurt formulations with IGI caused increased production of short-chain fatty acids and sugar consumption during colonic fermentation. Goat yogurts with IGI should be a valuable strategy for development of novel added-value foods with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and human health.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quality of postharvest strawberries: comparative effect of fungal chitosan gel, nanoparticles and gel enriched with edible nanoparticle coatings

This study compared, for the first time, the postharvest conservative action of edible fungal chitosan coatings (gel, nanoparticles and gel-nanoparticle) on the physico-chemical, sensorial and microbiological characteristics of strawberries. The nanoparticles were prepared by an ionic gelation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The antioxidant (DPPH* and ABTS*) activity of the edible coatings and the antimicrobial (macrodilution method) action against phytopathogenic fungi were verified. The nanoparticles had a size of 331.1 nm and a zeta potential of + 34 mV. The gel, nanoparticles and gel+nanoparticles exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 4 to 5, 1.5 to 2.5 and 1.0 + 0.5 to 2.0 + 1.5 g.L−1, respectively. All the edible coatings exhibited antifungal action. All the coatings had high scavenging activity, especially the gel edible coating. The coatings, especially the gel+nanoparticles, decreased the weight loss, microbiological growth, soluble solids, maturity index and moisture loss of the strawberry and preserved the pH values, anthocyanin content, titratable acidity and sensory characteristics. Therefore, the use of chitosan edible coating containing nanoparticles can be a promising strategy to improve the post-harvest quality of strawberries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of genetic groups upon the quality of the goat meat

Avaliou-se a influência de cinco grupos genéticos de caprinos (1⁄2 Moxotó + 1⁄2 Boer; 1⁄2 Boer + 1⁄2 SRD; 1⁄2 Savanna + 1⁄2 SRD; 1⁄2 Anglo Nubiano + 1⁄2 SRD, e 1⁄2; Kalahari + 1⁄2 SRD) sobre a qualidade química e os compostos aromáticos da carne. De cada grupo genético foram analisados músculos da perna de seis animais, machos inteiros, criados juntos com as mães a campo até os quatro meses de idade e a seguir, confinados por mais 60 a 65 dias, quando foram abatidos com peso vivo entre 18 e 28 kg. Nos músculos semimembranoso + semitendinoso + adutor determinou-se a composição centesimal e o perfil de ácidos graxos da gordura intramuscular. Nos músculos quadríceps avaliou-se os componentes aromáticos da carne caprina. Os resultados indicaram que o grupo genético não influenciou (P>0,05) a composição centesimal da carne caprina. Na fração lipídica foram identificados 18 ácidos graxos, sendo o ácido oléico (C18:1) o mais abundante em todos os grupos genéticos estudados, seguido dos ácidos palmítico (C16:0), esteárico (C18:0) e linoléico (C18:2). Entre os ácidos graxos identificados, os ácidos caprílico (C8:0), cáprico (C10:0), undecanóico (C11:0), isomerístico (C13:0), mirístico (C14:0), margárico (C17:0) e AGS, apresentaram diferença (P 0.05) the chemical composition of the goat meat. A total of 18 fatty acids (FA) were identified in the lipid fraction. Oleic acid (C18:1) was the most abundant FA in all genetic groups, followed the palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and linoleic (C18:2) acids. Among the identified fatty acids, the caprilic (C8:0), capric (C10:0), undecanoic (C11:0), isomeristic (C13:0), myristic (C14:0), margaric (C17:0), as well as the saturated fatty acids (SFA), showed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to genetic group. The genetic group 1⁄2 Kalahari + 1⁄2 SRD was the one showing a π6/π3 ratio closest to the recommended limit (π6/π3 < 4). A total of 51 volatile substances were identified in the meat aromatic profile. Of them, fourteen were identified as aldehydes, ten as alcohols, nine as hydrocarbons, seven as cetones, five as esters, two as furans, two as aromatic compounds and two as terpenoids. The number and type of aromatic substances differed between the genetic groups. Under the experimental conditions the genetic groups carrying the Boer gene showed a higher number of compounds, specially aldehydes, alcohols, hydrocarbons and cetones, independent of the meat fat content.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Otimização da desidratação osmótica de uva Crimson Seedless

A uva Crimson Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) é uma das mais importantes variedades sem sementes, devido ao seu atraente cacho médio, e grandes bagas rosadas escuras. Apresenta característica sensorial excelente devido à sua textura firme e crocante, sabor que varia do doce ao neutro, e coloração uniforme. A desidratação osmótica apresenta-se como boa alternativa para reduzir a atividade de água desta uva, permitindo o seu armazenamento por períodos longos, melhorando a sua estabilidade e qualidade. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo relacionar as influências de diferentes parâmetros para um eficiente processo de desidratação osmótica deste fruto, com a finalidade de reduzir as perdas pós-colheita e oferecer novas alternativas para o produtor. Para otimizar a desidratação osmótica foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 2³, com variáveis independentes: temperatura (30 a 50 ºC), tempo (1 a 4 horas) e concentração (40 a 50 ºBrix), sendo constante o branqueamento (30 segundos) e perfurações (8 perfurações cm-2); as variáveis dependentes foram PU (Perda de Umidade), IS (Incorporação de Sólidos) e IED (Índice de Eficiência de Desidratação). As melhores condições para a desidratação osmótica utilizando o IED como parâmetro foi a aplicação de branqueamento, solução osmótica com 42 ºBrix, tempo de imersão de 1,6 horas e temperatura de 46 ºC. Os modelos de superfície de resposta obtidos foram preditivos para PU e IS, exceto para o IED. O produto selecionado ajustou melhor a equação de Page (R² = 0,995)

Folic acid retention evaluation in preparations with wheat flour and corn submitted to different cooking methods by HPLC/DAD.

Folic acid content was evaluated in food preparations containing wheat and corn flour submitted to baking, deep-frying, and steaming. Commercially fortified flours showed the absence of folic acid. Flours with laboratory folic acid fortification showed 487 and 474 μg of folic acid in 100 g of wheat and corn flours, respectively. In the corn flour preparations, the cake had the highest retention (99%) when compared to couscous (97%). Besides, the cake showed higher retention when compared to the wheat flour preparations due to the interactions of the folic acid with the hydrophobic amino acids of the Zein, a protein found in corn. In wheat flour preparations, vitamin retention was 87%, 80% and 57% in bread, cake, and White sauce respectively. These findings relate to the change of the physicochemical properties of food components that occurs during mixing and cooking of the ingredients