Comparing Rapid Spiral CT and Conventional X-ray for Reliable Detection of Peri-Prosthetic Osteolytic Lesions after Total Knee Replacement: Implications for Surgical Management

Increasing prevalence of osteolysis-induced mechanical failure has been shown in a number of longitudinal studies after total knee replacement (TKR). It can be difficult to accurately estimate osteolytic lesions prior to surgery, even with multiplane X-rays of high quality. A model that allows more reliable lesion assessment is Surgical management is likely to be affected significantly. A simulated cadaver model was used for this study in order to compare To conventional X-ray standards, spiral computed tomography (CT) is a rapid imaging procedure for the detection of osteolytic lesions in peri-prosthetic joints after TKR. The TKR implant components were located in three human cadaveric knees, nine volume-occupying defects were created to simulate osteolytic lesions. An X-ray series of two stages and a spiral CT were employed to image the knees after implant placement. The quality of CT images was improved using a beam-hardening artefact removal algorithm. A random image sorting procedure placed 12 radiologists in the same room and asked them to independent assess whether osteolytic lesions could be seen, what anatomic location they were located in, and their size. CT images were reviewed separately using the same process. To determine if osteolytic lesions are more easily detected on X-rays and CT scans, direct comparisons of the results were performed. In a study using just AP projections (P = 0.008), CT images significantly improved recognition accuracy (P = 0.03), as did biplanar oblique X-rays (P = 0.005). Based solely on APs and laterals, the introduction of oblique images did not improve the accuracy of identifying such lesions (P = 0.13). Conclusion: An imaging method based on CT scans that is simple and rapid method can be used to reliably describe peri-prosthetic osteolytic lesions non-invasively in this study. Even when supplemental bi-planar 45° oblique views are provided, conventional X-ray is low in sensitivity and therefore cannot be used in situ for screening TKR implants for osteolytic lesions. At routine orthopaedic follow-up, CT evaluation may be a better method for evaluating osteolysis around TKRs due to its ease of use and accessibility. As a result of these findings, surgical and non-operative management strategies are influenced by the It is important to detect such lesions early and to classify them accurately, as well as the nature and appropriateness of implants revisions and joint-salvage osteotomies

Long-Term Evaluation of Bone Healing and Functional Outcome Following Vascularized Fibular Grafting for Congenital Pseudoarthrosis of the Tibia in Pediatric Population

Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia presents a challenging treatment scenario. In a recent investigation, vascularized fibular grafting (VFG) was employed to address this condition in a cohort comprising five female and three male patients. The mean age of the recipients undergoing VFG was 7.1 years, ranging from 1.8 to 11.6 years, and the subsequent follow-up extended over an average of 11.8 years, with a range spanning from 4.8 to 19.7 years. Among the subjects, five individuals had previously undergone multiple surgical interventions, while the remaining three had not undergone any prior operations. Across all instances, successful bone consolidation was achieved within an average period of 6.7 months. In seven cases, this consolidation was achieved following the initial VFG procedure, whereas one case necessitated a second VFG for the consolidation. Notably, patients with a history of multiple prior operations exhibited a more significant discrepancy in leg length, averaging 7.6 cm, in contrast to those without prior surgical interventions, who displayed an average leg length difference of 0.8 cm. The results underscore VFG as a promising primary treatment approach for CPT, displaying favorable long-term outcomes, particularly in cases where prior surgical interventions had not been undertaken

Comparative Analysis of Formats and Readability of Articles published in a News Paper and A Farm Magazine

In India there are several media disseminating the recent agricultural technologies to farmers. Among them, print media play a vital role in disseminating the recent technologies to literate farmers. Agricultural Journalism in India came into existence just five decades ago. It is now gaining importance, particularly after the establishment of State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), the technical information needs to be provided to the farmers at the right time in a right way, so that the productivity can be increase

Diurnal Variation of Physico Chemical Properties and Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton in Bheema River

Diurnal Variation of Physico Chemical Properties and Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton in Bheema Rive

ENHANCED USER PLANE SELECTION FUNCTIONALITIES IN 5G DEPLOYMENTS

Within a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) fifth generation (5G) environment, a number of user plane challenges may arise. For example, in order to achieve minimum latency in a 5G environment, it is critical to have the same User Plane Function (UPF) for both a Serving Gateway (SGW) control plane (SGW-C) function and a packet data network (PDN) Gateway (PGW) control plane (PGW-C) function call leg. Additionally, in order to handle the scale of user plane traffic in a 5G environment, the user planes must be as efficient and as optimized as possible regarding data packet processing while at the same time the control plane also needs to establish a mobile session as quickly as possible with minimum latency. To address the type of challenges that were described above, various solutions are provided herein through several techniques. A first technique, among other things, ensures a configuration-agnostic UPF selection (which does not depend upon static configuration in multiple places) which may be performed dynamically based on UPF profiles. A second technique, among other things, not only improves upon control path session setup time by removing unwanted delays every time a handover is processed, but also uplifts the UPF processing capacity by converging different legs of the same call at the same node. Features such as these are critically important to make the 5G story a success

A Brief Overview of Two Major Strategies in Diversity-Oriented Synthesis: Build/Couple/Pair and Ring-Distortion

In the interdisciplinary research field of chemical biology and drug discovery, diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) has become indispensable in the construction of novel small-molecule libraries rich in skeletal and stereochemical diversity. DOS aims to populate the unexplored chemical space with new potential bioactive molecules via forward synthetic analysis. Since the introduction of this concept by Schreiber, DOS has evolved along with many significant breakthroughs. It is therefore important to understand the key DOS strategies to build molecular diversity with maximized biological relevancy. Due to the length limitations of this mini review, we briefly discuss the recent DOS plans using build/couple/pair (B/C/P) and ring-distortion strategies for the synthesis of major biologically relevant target molecules like natural products and their related compounds, macrocycles, and privileged structures

A Case Series on Pilon Fractures Treated Using the Limb Reconstruction System

Introduction: Amid the most challenging fractures to properly treat are tibia fractures. The degree of comminution, soft tissue status, and contamination level suffered during the injury influence the functional outcome. Surgical intervention aims to achieve a proper reduction of the tibia while maintaining sufficient stability to permit ankle movements. To reduce treatment problems, this should be done with methods that limit the devascularization of the soft and osseous tissues. Methods and results: A prospective study was conducted on 14 patients hospitalized with closed tibial pilon fractures managed using the limb reconstruction system (LRS) at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. The range of ankle motion on average is dorsiflexion ranges 5–14° and plantarflexion ranges 5–20°. Clinical outcomes were graded as excellent (90–100), good (80–89), satisfactory (70–79), sufficient (60–69), or low (<60) according to the Mazur ankle score. The average score was 88.8 (good). Type 3 fractures were found to have poor clinical outcomes when compared to type 1 and type 2 fractures. Conclusion: Due to LRS’s cost-effectiveness, patient-friendliness, versatility, and safety, it is considered an excellent method for managing closed tibial pilon fractures as the primary and definitive mode

Development and evaluation of gastro retentive floating tablets of anti hyperlipidemic drug

The aim of the present study was to develop Gastro retentive effervescent floating tablets (GREFT) containing 20 mg of simvastatin were developed by direct compression method using HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M with different drug to polymer ratio. Tablets were evaluated for their physical characteristics, viz., hardness, friability, drug content and floating properties. Further, tablets were studied for in vitro drug release characteristics for 12 h. The tablets exhibited controlled and prolonged drug release, with optimum hardness, consistent uniformity in weight and low friability. The formulation with F2 (HPMC K100M 1:3 ratio) showed 85.83 % drug release at the end of 12 h and exhibited optimum floating lag time. A decrease in release rate of the drug was observed on increasing polymer ratio and also by increasing viscosity grades of the polymer (HPMC). Drug release from effervescent floating matrix tablets was sustained over 12 h with buoyant properties. DSC study revealed that there is no drug excipient interaction. Based on the release kinetics, all formulations best fitted the Higuchi, first-order model and non-Fickian as the mechanism of drug release. Optimized formulation (F9) was selected based on the similarity factor (f2) (71.32) and invitro dissolution was used in radiographic studies by incorporating BaSO4. In vivo X-ray studies in human volunteers showed that the mean gastric residence time was 5.4 ± 0.32 h

Efficacy of natural compounds from Tinospora cordifolia against SARS-CoV-2 protease, surface glycoprotein and RNA polymerase.

Abstract Background: Antiviral activity of natural compounds from Tinospora cordifolia (Amritaballi) were evaluated for their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 targets involved in virus attachment and replication. Materials and Methods: The binding efficacy (binding affinity, Ki and IC50 values) of natural compounds from Tinospora cordifolia were tested using Insilco tools against four key SARS-CoV-2 targets i.e., 1) surface glycoprotein (6VSB) and 2) Receptor binding domain (6M0J) both responsible for attachment of the virus to host cell, 3) RNA dependent RNA polymerase (6M71) and 4) main protease (6Y84) responsible for replication of the virus in the host cell. Results: Berberine, Isocolumbin, Magnoflorine and Tinocordiside showed high binding efficacy against all the four key SARS-CoV-2 targets. Tinocordiside and Isocolumbin showed IC50 value of &lt; 1 µM against both 6Y84 and 6VSB. Conclusion: At least four natural compounds from Tinospora cordifolia showed high binding efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 targets involved in attachment and replication of the virus. Hence validating the merit of using Tinospora cordifolia in the clinical management of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2.</jats:p