Mycotoxin food safety risk in developing countries

"Mycotoxins are produced by fungi, commonly known as mold. These toxins can develop during production, harvesting, or storage of grains, nuts, and other crops. Mycotoxins are among the most potent mutagenic and carcinogenic substances known. They pose chronic health risks: prolonged exposure through diet has been linked to cancer and kidney, liver, and immune-system disease. Because mycotoxins occur more frequently under tropical conditions and diets in many developing countries are more heavily concentrated in crops susceptible to mycotoxins, these chronic health risks are particularly prevalent in developing countries." from TextFood safety ,food security ,Public health ,

Cultural Update of ‘Mullaippaattu’

Listening to good omens was a custom of that time. It means hearing good words. There is faith in this, even in this age. The woman regretted the separation of her man. Elderly women asked ‘Good Omen’ to find out if the man would come soon to console their woman. They sprinkled rice and flowers and worshipped the god in the evening. At that time, one of the shepherdesses said to the calf that was grieving for parting with the mother cow, ‘Soon mother comes’ and hoped that the departed man would return soon. They told the woman this good news and blessed her. There was an employee who was called Time Clerk to keep track of the time. Those who calculate the time correctly with the help of a tool called Hour disk are called as Time clerks. It is said that there was a time clerk in the ‘Mullaipp Paattu’ army camp. There were maids to light the lamps in palaces and army camps. These women wore bandeaus. Their hands were adorned with bangles. These women were the wielders of the luminous sword that could turn night into day. They were heroic women. They were body guards for the King. They will wrap themselves in cloth. There were strict Yavanars, who wore shirts, in the palace jobs. The Yavanas are people from Greece and Rome. Thus, it is possible to understand the relationship Tamil Nadu had with those countries during the Sangam period. Mullaipattu says that the Mlecchas who could not speak were also on duty for the King. Such non-verbal people supported the king in keeping secrets. The account of Mullaipattu gives a clear picture of the manner in which the army camps were set up on the battlefields. Separate accommodations were set up for the king and separate rooms for other soldiers. The king's accommodation consisted of many rooms. People wore ornaments like shell bangles, and small bangles. We understand that the musical instrument "harp" and the hour-measuring instrument "Time" were used. Musical instruments like the harp and arched harp were played when the king's armies returned victorious

The Occupational Principles of the People of the Sangam Age

Tamil is a language with an ancient literary tradition. Literature is a time mirror that captures the lives of people. In this way, the people who lived during the Sangam period took up various occupations to improve their standard of living. Food and water are essential to human life. Agriculture is the basis of food. The agriculture industry and the equipment (implements) related to it are explained. Clothing is essential for men. The textile industry, which produces garments, is explained. It is also explained by the carpentry industry, which produces the materials necessary for human life. Ornaments are used by man to beautify himself. This article examines the gold industry, the building industry, and the fishing industry through the Sangam literature. The significance of the weaving industry, the techniques used in weaving garments, and the barter system are examined and explained through the Sangam literature. The specialties of carpentry, iron, gold, and building industries and the methods of production of goods have been examined. It is established in the Sangam literary evidence that the people of the Sangam age developed their occupations in the best possible way by doing various occupations such as fishing, salt cultivation, etc., for their needs, for economic development, and for the betterment of life

A Study on Tax Planning Pattern of Salaried Assessee

The word “Tax” is derived from the Latin word called Taxove and Taxo means to estimate, appreciate or value.  The word Income Tax itself implies it is a tax on earnings.  It plays vital role in the national economy.  The ever increasing functions of the government have naturally lead to increasing expenditure for instance achieving the social and economic objectives laid down in the constitution, reducing the inequality of income, removing the concentration of economic power in few hands, balancing regional economic growth and so on. Keywords: Assessee, Tax Planning, Incom

Relating Spirituality and Politics: Love, Marriage or Friendship?

In India, we often hear that "Hindu spirituality" ought to inform and energize the Indian enactment of liberalism, secularism and democracy. In this paper, I examine the diverse ways in which three less-known Indian thinkers such as Ananda Coomaraswamy, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari relate spirituality and politics. I argue that there are at least three visions of what spiritualized politics might look like; the first variant, amplified in Coomaraswamy, argues for a "traditional" theory of government as an imitation of cosmic order. The ruling metaphor is of a marriage between the spiritual and temporal powers with the Brahmin-priest as the exemplary spiritual figure. The second variant, exemplified in Radhakrishnan, proceeds from an experiential account of spiritual life and argues for a deepening of modern ideals of freedom and democracy through emancipatory political praxis. The ruling metaphor is love of the whole and the exemplary figure is the saint-activist. The third variant, based on Rajagopachari, proceeds from spirituality as ordinary devotion that ensues in moral virtues. Unlike the priest-husband or saint-lover who aspire to anchor politics in first principles, the mature devotee works for a "spirited" politics where reasonableness, courage and friendliness may prevail

Comparative study of topical treatment in mild to moderate acne vulgaris

INTRODUCTION: Acne vulgaris is common among adolescent age group in either sex. The morbidity associated with acne is more severe. It affects 90% of people worldwide .Acne and resulting scaring can have a psychological impact including lowered self esteem, social impairment and anger. It has been shown that mild to moderate degrees of acne can be associated with higher rates of depression. Hence appropriate intervention is necessary to prevent complications such as scarring, psychological impacts and secondary impaired social function MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital attached to Madras Medical College, Chennai as Prospective Randomized follow up study. The patients satisfying the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to three treatment groups 2.5% Benzoyl peroxide ,0.1% Adapalene and combination of above drugs. They were followed up for a period of 12 weeks and reduction in number of lesions were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Among 90 patients male were 61 (67.7%) patients and females were 29 (32.3%). 13 to 18 years were commonly affected 76.67% in our study. In BPO group there were 57.72% reduction in number of lesions at the end of second week which is statistically significant with p value < 0.001. In Adapalene group statistical reduction in number of lesions were noted at 12 weeks with p value < 0.001. In combination group there was significant reduction at 2 weeks with 52.83 % from baseline. Also combination group showed consistent overall reduction in number of lesions at 12 weeks with 86.1 %. The patient acceptance and adherence was good among the combination group. CONCLUSION: Combination of Benzoyl peroxide with Adapalene was superior to individual drugs in reducing number of lesions in mild to moderate acne vulgaris

Devices for Detecting Personalities

The man living in society wants to identify himself with the distinctive features. He will perform deeds, clothing, food and custom that are praiseworthy to existing men. He wants himself to be favoured by the men surrounded by him and if it happens he feels like he has achieved something great. Personality traits can be examined from many angles. Home, language, culture, educational institutions. Skills, actions are detected as some of the things of personality. This article explains the techniques of personality

Efficacy of Different Substrates on Vermicompost Production: A Biochemical Analysis

The rapid increase in the volume of waste is one aspect of the environment crisis, accompanying global development. Earthworms play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter and soil metabolism through feeding, fragmentation, aeration, turnover and dispersion. The type of substrates used and species of earthworms introduced plays a significant role in plant growth and yield. The waste to be stabilized should support an adequate biomass needed for effective processing. In the present study the vermicompost produced from banana as a substrate did not show a significant increase in NPK content from that of the control. On the other hand poultry waste and vegetable waste with goat dung showed significant increase in the NPK content. The enhancement of the vermicompost was probably due to mineralization of the organic matter containing proteins and conversion of ammonium nitrogen into nitrite. Mineralization and consequent mobilization of phosphorous by enhanced bacterial and phosphatase activities during vermicomposting leads to increase in Phosphorus. The earthworm processed waste materials contain high concentration of exchangeable potassium, due to enhanced microbial activity during the vermicomposting process, which accordingly enhanced the rate of mineralization. Vermicompost tends to hold more nutrients over larger periods without adverse effects on the environment