Molecular And Immunological Characteristics Of Vibrio Cholerae And Vibrio Alginolyticus

Twenty isolates of Vibrio cholerae and four isolates of Vibrio alginolyticus used in this study were identified using the conventional biochemical tests. All of the isolates were screened for the zonula occludens toxin gene (zot) by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The 1083 bp fragment of the zot gene was successfully amplified in all the tested isolates. Asymmetry PCR was used as a preliminary detection method and later confirmed through the gene probe method to test for the presence of the zot gene. Consequently, the zot gene was successfully cloned in pCR 2.1 TOPO vector and sequenced, in which the sequences were 99% homologous to the gene bank sequences

The exoproteomes of clonally related Staphylococcus aureus strains are diverse

Several studies have shown that protein expression patterns vary in unrelated bacterial strains due to genomic plasticity and gene regulation, resulting in enhanced heterogeneity in the infection potential. However, exoprotein expression patterns of closely related clonal strains have not been well characterized. Here, we used medium-range (pH 4–7) immobilized pH gradient–two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to investigate the exoproteome from closely related Staphylococcus aureus clonal isolates. Interestingly, we found that, under identical in vitro experimental conditions, a number of protein spots were uniquely present in samples from each clonal isolate irregardless of the similarity of the genotype and the same virulence gene profile. Only a few abundant invariant proteins were found among identical genotypic isolates. Our results clearly shown that heterogeneity in the exoproteome was present even among clonally related strains. We suggest that this heterogeneity may contribute to the degree of virulence even within one clonal genotype. The heterogeneity in the exoproteome of closely related S. aureus strains observed in the current study postulates that pre-existing antibodies are not very protective during recurrent infection with the same strain. Therefore, our findings underscore the importance of taking all clonally related strains into account during proteome analyses

In Silico RAPD Priming Sites in Expressed Sequences and iSCAR Markers for Oil Palm

RAPD is a simple dominant marker system widely used in biology. Effectiveness of RAPD can be improved by selecting and redesigning primers whose priming sites occur in target sequence(s) of gene or organism at optimum distance. We developed software that uses sequences of random decamer primers and nucleotide sequence(s) as two input files. It locates the priming sites in input sequences and generates output files listing frequency and distance between priming sites. When the priming sites of a single primer occur more than once in a sequence with a distance of 200 to 2000 bp, the software also designs pairs of iSCAR primers. An input of 387 RAPD primers and 42,432 expressed sequences of oil palm are used as test. Wet-lab PCR results from a publication that used the same set of primers were compared with software output on priming sites. In the test sequences of oil palm covering 1.4% of genome, we found that at least 60% the primers chosen using software are sure of giving PCR amplification. We designed 641 iSCAR primers suitable for amplification of oil palm DNA. The software successfully predicted 92% (67 out of 73) of published polymorphic RAPD primers in oil palm

The Management of Patient with Oligodontia Associated With Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder – A Rare Case Report

Oligodontia is characterized by missing six or more teeth in primary and permanent dentition exclusive of the third molars. Hereditary is the main etiologic factor and the principal clinical features are reduction in number of teeth, changes in the morphology of teeth, their eruption time and improper development of alveolar ridges. Prevalence of Oligodontia is 0.35% in Indian population. Treatment of Oligodontia is through a multidisciplinary approach. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diag-nosed behavioural disorder of childhood. It is a problem with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or a combination. It affects about 3-5% of school aged children. ADHD may run in families, but the etiology is unknown. Depression, lack of sleep, learning disability and behavioural problems may appear with ADHD.The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of 7 year old child with multiple congenital missing teeth associated with ADHD syndrome. &nbsp

Computer aided discovery of benzimidazole derivatives on peptide deformylase as antimicrobial agent using hex

A series of benzimidazole containing isoxazoline-5-one compounds were computationally designed and optimized with the Hex to investigate the interactions between the target compounds and amino acid residues of the Escherichia coli peptide deformylase (PDF).Ni enzyme. These compounds docked into the active site of peptide deformylase (PDB code, 1G2A) using  Hex docking tools software, which showed good affinity for the enzyme when compared with the binding energies of standard drugs such as amoxicillin (-237.61) and ciprofloxacin (-229.60). Among all the designed compounds, the compound 3 shows more binding energy values (-325.17). Further, we planned to synthesis these benzimidazole derivatives and screen for in-vitro anti-bacterial effect on different microorganisms

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS LEAF EXTRACTS OF CANTHIUM COROMANDELICUM(BURM.F.) ALSTON.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to explore the antioxidant potential of various leaf extracts (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) of Canthium coromandelicum, which is considered traditionally as an important medicinal plant.Methods: Antioxidant properties of the extracts were assessed using 1, 1- diphenyl -2- picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays for ascorbic acid equivalents. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also investigated to determine their correlation with the antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts and expressed in Gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively.Results: The results showed that the content of total phenols and flavonoids was found to be high in ethyl acetate extract which was recorded as 61.02±1.30 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g) and 81.72±0.61 QE/g, respectively. Compared to other extracts, ethyl acetate leaf extract was found to possess high antioxidant activity at p<0.05 level, with high percentage of inhibition at 100 μg/ml concentration (82.70%) toward hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging with IC50 value 62.94 μg/ml. Statistically, two-tailed Pearson's correlation showed strong positive correlations between hydrogenperoxide radical scavenging activity and total phenolic contents (TPC) (r=1.000) at p<0.05 level.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study clearly signifies that the ethyl acetate leaf extract of C. coromandelicum has high content of total phenols which are correlated to its antioxidant activity and thus has the potential to use as a source of natural antioxidants and can be explored as a therapeutic agent in free radical induced diseases.Â

Risk factors of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy

Background: Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy occurs due to several etiologies which include both pregnancy specific and non pregnancy related causes. It is second only to anemia as the most common hematological abnormality encountered in pregnancy. Better antenatal care has led to increased detection. Once diagnosed, it is important to further evaluate and to determine the cause to optimize management. Several studies have been undertaken across the world; however there are very few studies in Kerala hence this study. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy.Methods: This was a case control study undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical college Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala. Using purposive sampling, a sample size of 96 cases and 96 controls were included in this study. “Cases” were antenatal women with thrombocytopenia and “controls” were consecutive women without it. Study period was 18 months and analysis was done using SPSS version 22.Results: In 49% of subjects ,the cause was identified as gestational thrombocytopenia,39.5% cases were due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.10.4% was due to ITP. SLE, AFLP, Dengue infection, HUS and APLA were rare causes of thrombocytopenia in our hospital. Of the 96 cases enrolled in the study,88 were diagnosed during pregnancy. Amongst the hypertensive disorders,16.7% was due to gestational hypertension,10.4% due to preeclampsia and 7.4% were due to HELLP syndrome.82.3% of patients with thrombocytopenia in this study were asymptomatic.Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia should be evaluated by making a practice of routinely checking the platelet count and peripheral smear in early pregnancy and also in third trimester to enable early diagnosis since most cases may be asymptomatic

Medial swivel dislocation of talonavicular joint due to low energy trauma

Medial swivel variant of talonavicular dislocation is rare. Usually, it is caused by high velocity trauma. They are relatively easier to reduce and are associated with fewer complications than pure dorsal dislocations and sub talar dislocations. We report a case of medial swivel dislocation of talonavicular caused by a low energy trauma, its management and one year follow up result

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Silver Diamine Fluoride among Undergraduate Students

Background:  Silver diamine fluoride is effective, as it arrests nearly 80% of the treated lesions. It is efficient and can be applied with minimum training in less than 1 minute by health professionals in various health and  community settings. It is patient-centered and meets the instant needs of a child in one treatment session    as it is minimally invasive and painless.  Aim:  The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards silver diamine fluoride among undergraduate students.  Methodology:  A self-validated questionnaire of 15 questions based on silver diamine fluoride is shared to dental  students through e-mail. The obtained data were collected, descriptive analysis was done, tabulated and the results were interpreted using SPSS 26.0 software.   Results:  The study showed that 45.8% of participants were aware of silver diamine fluoride. Only 9.9% of  participants had done fluoride application with silver diamine fluoride and only 42% is aware of silver diamine fluoride is not commonly used. Conclusion:  The study concluded that the overall knowledge of the participants regarding the use of silver diamine fluoride is not adequate. Hence, the study suggested that expanded education about the    proper use, application, and limitations of SDF is needed and it can be obtained by attending conferences,  CDE programs, various lectures and seminars.&nbsp