NIMBUS 7 Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) Matrix User's Guide. Volume 2: Tape Specifications

The ERB MATRIX tape is generated by an IBM 3081 computer program and is a 9 track, 1600 BPI tape. The gross format of the tape given on Page 1, shows an initial standard header file followed by data files. The standard header file contains two standard header records. A trailing documentation file (TDF) is the last file on the tape. Pages 9 through 17 describe, in detail, the standard header file and the TDF. The data files contain data for 37 different ERB parameters. Each file has data based on either a daily, 6 day cyclic, or monthly time interval. There are three types of physical records in the data files; namely, the world grid physical record, the documentation mercator/polar map projection physical record, and the monthly calibration physical record. The manner in which the data for the 37 ERB parameters are stored in the physical records comprising the data files, is given in the gross format section

Heterogeneous Highly Parallel Implementation of Matrix Exponentiation Using GPU

The vision of super computer at every desk can be realized by powerful and highly parallel CPUs or GPUs or APUs. Graphics processors once specialized for the graphics applications only, are now used for the highly computational intensive general purpose applications. Very expensive GFLOPs and TFLOP performance has become very cheap with the GPGPUs. Current work focuses mainly on the highly parallel implementation of Matrix Exponentiation. Matrix Exponentiation is widely used in many areas of scientific community ranging from highly critical flight, CAD simulations to financial, statistical applications. Proposed solution for Matrix Exponentiation uses OpenCL for exploiting the hyper parallelism offered by the many core GPGPUs. It employs many general GPU optimizations and architectural specific optimizations. This experimentation covers the optimizations targeted specific to the Scientific Graphics cards (Tesla-C2050). Heterogeneous Highly Parallel Matrix Exponentiation method has been tested for matrices of different sizes and with different powers. The devised Kernel has shown 1000X speedup and 44 fold speedup with the naive GPU Kernel.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems (IJDPS) ISSN : 0976 - 9757 [Online] ; 2229 - 3957 [Print

A Study on the Incidence of Post Mastectomy Pain and Phantom Breast Syndrome following Mastectomy

INTRODUCTION: The majority of women diagnosed with breast cancer undergo some kind of breast surgery as part of their treatment. Up to 55% of these women experience pain after their surgery, pain which in some cases persists for months to years . The purposes of this study is to identify the different kinds of pain experienced by women after breast cancer surgery, to explore the current literature addressing its nature and incidence, and to discuss the implications of this information for treating the women with breast cancer, Two pain syndromes that commonly follow breast surgery, post axillary dissection pain and phantom breast pain, will be discussed.Strategies for pain management, including educational intervention and treatment approaches, will also be addressed. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objectives are To find out the incidence of post mastectomy pain syndrome and phantom breast syndrome in patients undergoing simple mastectomy or modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Place : Department of surgery. Design : observational Study. Period : 2018-2019. Sample Size : 100 Patients. Inclusion criteria: Patients above 18 years. Patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy/simple mastectomy. Patients who were given neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who were given radiotherapy. Exclusion criteria: Patients less than 18 yrs. Patients with bilateral breast disease. Patients who underwent lumpectomy or quardrantectomy or breast reconstruction. Patients who underwent previous surgery in axilla Pain associated with upper extremity lymphedema patients with local recurrence. METHODS: Patients were reviewed during follow up approximately 8 —12 weeks after surgery. Patients were subjected to thorough physical examination .. Patients were evaluated with a standardized Questionnaire in a language Acceptable and understandable for them. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: 81 of them underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and 19 of them underwent simple mastectomy for locally advanced carcinoma breast as a palliative measure. Of these patients post operatively after complete healing of the main wound (> 3 weeks) and following a period of 10 -12 weeks with the help of a questionnaire incidence of post mastectomy pain syndrome presenting with chest wall pain, axillary pain and both were found. CONCLUSION: 1. out of 100 patients, 81 underwent Modified Radical Mastectomy and the remaining underwent simple Mastectomy. 2. Mean age of patients 47. 21% of patients experienced post mastectomy pain over the chest wall and 11% of them having pan in the arm. 3. 17% of Patients felt themselves disabled following mastectomy. 4. 5.4% of patients experienced phantom pain alone. 5. 6.6% of them experienced phantom sensation in the region of operated breast. 6. The occurrence of phantom breast syndrome in our patients was found to be 17%

Performance Analysis of Process Parameters on Machining Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy Using Abrasive Water Jet Machining Process

AbstractOwing to its light weight and corrosive resistant, Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy is mainly utilized in fabricating medical device applications. Since it has high strength, it is very difficult to machine alloy using conventional machining. In the present study, an endeavor has been made to machine titanium alloy using AWJM process. Since the process involves with less heat affect zone and higher material removal, it is possible to enhance machinability of workpiece. It has attempted to find the influence of process parameters on surface roughness and topography for enhancing the process. It has been observed that the abrasive flow rate and standoff distance has the most significant role on determining surface quality

Mental health and sleep: in COVID positive health care workers in India

Background: Starting from Wuhan as a local transmission, COVID-19 turned out to be a pandemic affecting the entire global population either as a patient or at least being exposed to the novel corona virus. The present study has been done to see how much working to treat Covid patients has put stress, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance on health care professional after becoming covid positive themselves, essentially their own life at risk. Methods: This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study done in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, with ethics approval. Sample size was 145 health care workers who had covid infection. The study comprised of questions from Dass 21 questionnaire and Likert sleep scale. Results: Mild levels of stress was seen in 16 members (11.03%), moderate stress was seen in 3 members (2.06%). The chi square value was calculated as significant p value of 0.045. Mild anxiety was seen among 13 (8.96%), moderate anxiety seen in 23 (15.86%), severe anxiety was seen in 2 (1.37%), Extremely severe anxiety was seen in 1 individual (0.68%). Mild depression was seen in 12 (8.27%), moderate depression was seen in 14 (9.65%). The quality of sleep was rated on a 10-point scale, 5.5% had reported poor sleep, 53.8% reported moderate sleep disturbance. Conclusions: This study reveals that mental health issues are possible for medical professionals too and that anxiety needs to be addressed in health professionals too. More so when isolated from their families and friends

Production of Diamino propionic acid ammonia lyase by a new strain of Salmonella typhimurium PU011

BACKGROUND: Seeds of the legume plant Lathyrus sativus, which is grown in arid and semi arid tropical regions, contain Diamino Propionic acid (DAP). DAP is a neurotoxin, which, when consumed, causes a disease called Lathyrism. Lathryrism may manifest as Neurolathyrism or Osteolathyrism, in which the nervous system, and bone formation respectively, are affected. DAP ammonia lyase is produced by a few microorganisms such as Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas, and is capable of detoxifying DAP. RESULTS: S. typhimurium PU011, a non-virulent bacterial strain isolated in our lab, was found to produce DAP ammonia lyase enzyme when grown in minimal medium containing DAP. There was a direct correlation between biomass yield and enzyme activity, until 16 h post inoculation in minimal medium containing DAP. Following ammonium sulphate precipitation and passing through Sephadex G100, CM-Sephadex and DEAE-Sephacel for crude enzyme extract preparation, about 68-fold enzyme purity was obtained. The purified enzyme gave maximum activity at pH 8.0 and was stable up to 45 degrees C. The Km value for the substrate was found to be 0.685mM, calculated from a Line Weaver Burk plot. CONCLUSION: A new bacterial strain, S.typhimurium PU 011, which is capable of producing DAP ammonia lyase, was isolated

TOXICITY OF ATRAZINE AND RELATED TO TESTICULAR, TISSUE DAMAGING ENZYME LEVELS IN POECILIA SPHENOPS

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Atrazine (ATZ) on the enzyme levels in Poecilia sphenops.Methods: The cytosolic testicular enzyme and tissue-damaging enzyme activity were measured in Poecilia sphenops was exposed to 3 sub-lethal concentrations (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/l) of atrazine for 100days and control was also maintained. The toxic effects of ATZ to Poecilia sphenops were assessed through testicular marker enzyme, tissue-damaging enzyme level.Results: The activities of testicular functional enzyme ALP, ACP, SDH, LDH, G6PDH and tissue-damaging the activities of glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity levels were altered in treated groups compared with that of the control.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that atrazine induces tissue damage in terms of enhanced enzyme activity and testicular enzyme activity in Poecilia sphenops. Atrazine has toxicity to the reproductive system in Poecilia sphenops

POTENTIAL OF URAI MATHIRAI (PEDIATRIC SIDDHA FORMULATION) FOR THE PROPHYLAXIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN

The World Health Organization (WHO) data proposes that 8.5% of reported COVID-19 cases belong to pediatric population who are aged less than 18 years. Supportive care alone is recommended in asymptomatic, mild, or moderate pediatric COVID-19 patients by the panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 20 geographically diverse North American institutions. This review article focuses on the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of Urai mathirai in the management of pediatric COVID-19 patients. The literature was looked, in databases such as Medline/PubMed Central/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of science, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), and reference lists to distinguish published manuscripts relevant to the use of Urai mathirai to prevent or treat COVID-19 in children. The herbs found in Urai Mathirai and their bioactive phytoconstituents possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory and other pharmacological effects relevant to the management of signs and manifestations of COVID-19. The viability of Urai Mathirai in the prophylaxis and management of pediatric COVID-19 patients could further be established by future clinical studies