Haasteena kongressipalveluiden konseptointi

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli tutkia miten palvelukonseptia voidaan kehittää asiakkaiden ostopäätösprosessiin vaikuttavien tekijöiden pohjalta. Ensimmäisenä tavoitteena oli mallintaa palvelukonseptin keskeisimmät elementit kehittämisen kannalta. Tutkimuksen teoriaosuudessa tuotiin esille miten palvelua voidaan kehittää palveluihin- ja matkailuun liittyvien teorioiden pohjalta. Keskeistä kehittämisen kannalta on ymmärtää palveluiden ominaispiirteet, palvelun laatuun vaikuttavat tekijät sekä mitä asioita matkailutuotteen kehittämisessä on hyvä huomioida. Toisena tavoitteena oli tuoda esille keskeiset teemat kongressijärjestäjien odotuksiin perustuvassa palvelukonseptin kehittämisessä. Ongelmaa lähestyttiin tuomalla teoriassa esille kongressimatkailun ominaispiirteitä ja tarkastelemalla kongressijärjestäjien ostopäätösprosesseja sekä tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat ostopäätösprosesseihin. Kolmantena tavoitteena oli tutkimuksen empiirisessä osassa tuottaa tietoa siitä miten kongressijärjestäjien ostopäätöskriteerejä voidaan hyödyntää palvelukonseptin kehittämisessä kongressimatkailussa Levin ympäristössä. Ostopäätösprosesseja ja ostopäätöskriteerejä tutkittiin teemahaastatteluiden avulla. Tutkimukseen osallistuneet muodostivat hyvin heterogeenisen kohderyhmän, joten tutkimustulokset eivät ole yleistettävissä. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että teoria indikoi joitain haastatteluissa esiin nousseita asioita. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella ei pystytä todentamaan teoriaa, mutta tutkimus syventää käsitystä yhdistysten ja järjestöjen ostopäätösprosesseista ja tekijöistä, jotka vaikuttavat kongressipaikan valintaan. Tietoa voidaan hyödyntää kongressipalveluiden suunnittelussa ja ideoinnissa.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

High-yield production of biologically active recombinant protein in shake flask culture by combination of enzyme-based glucose delivery and increased oxygen transfer

This report describes the combined use of an enzyme-based glucose release system (EnBase®) and high-aeration shake flask (Ultra Yield Flask™). The benefit of this combination is demonstrated by over 100-fold improvement in the active yield of recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase expressed in E. coli. Compared to Terrific Broth and ZYM-5052 autoinduction medium, the EnBase system improved yield mainly through increased productivity per cell. Four-fold increase in oxygen transfer by the Ultra Yield Flask contributed to higher cell density with EnBase but not with the other tested media, and consequently the product yield per ml of EnBase culture was further improved

Cheese whey-induced high-cell-density production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli

BACKGROUND: Use of lactose-rich concentrates from dairy processes for the induction of recombinant gene's expression has not received much attention although they are interesting low cost substrates for production of recombinant enzymes. Applicability of dairy waste for induction of recombinant genes in Escherichia coli was studied. Clones expressing Lactobacillus phage muramidase and Lactobacillus alcohol dehydrogenase were used for the experiments. RESULTS: Shake flask cultivations in mineral salt medium showed that cheese whey or deproteinised whey induced gene expression as efficiently as IPTG (isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside) or pure lactose. Addition of yeast extract or proteolytically degraded whey proteins did not improve the recombinant protein yield. In contrast, addition of yeast extract to the well-balanced mineral salt medium decreased the product yield. Feeding with glycerol provided sufficient amount of easily assimilable carbon source during the induction period without preventing lactose intake and induction by lactose. High-cell-density fed-batch cultivations showed that product yields comparable to IPTG-induction can be achieved by feeding bacteria with a mixture of glycerol and concentrated whey permeate during the induction. CONCLUSION: Whey and concentrated whey permeate can be applied as an alternative inducer in recombinant high-cell-density fed-batch fermentations. The yield of the recombinant product was comparable to fermentations induced by IPTG. In low-cell-density shake flask experiments the yield was higher with whey or whey permeate than with IPTG

A new wireless system for decentralised measurement of physiological parameters from shake flasks

BACKGROUND: Shake flasks are widely used because of their low price and simple handling. Many researcher are, however, not aware of the physiological consequences of oxygen limitation and substrate overflow metabolism that occur in shake flasks. Availability of a wireless measuring system brings the possibilities for quality control and design of cultivation conditions. RESULTS: Here we present a new wireless solution for the measurement of pH and oxygen from shake flasks with standard sensors, which allows data transmission over a distance of more than 100 metres in laboratory environments. This new system was applied to monitoring of cultivation conditions in shake flasks. The at-time monitoring of the growth conditions became possible by simple means. Here we demonstrate that with typical protocols E. coli shake flask cultures run into severe oxygen limitation and the medium is strongly acidified. Additionally the strength of the new system is demonstrated by continuous monitoring of the oxygen level in methanol-fed Pichia pastoris shake flask cultures, which allows the optimisation of substrate feeding for preventing starvation or methanol overfeed. 40 % higher cell density was obtained by preventing starvation phases which occur in standard shake flask protocols by adding methanol when the respiration activity decreased in the cultures. CONCLUSION: The here introduced wireless system can read parallel sensor data over long distances from shake flasks that are under vigorous shaking in cultivation rooms or closed incubators. The presented technology allows centralised monitoring of decentralised targets. It is useful for the monitoring of pH and dissolved oxygen in shake flask cultures. It is not limited to standard sensors, but can be easily adopted to new types of sensors and measurement places (e.g., new sensor points in large-scale bioreactors)

Laparoscopic Wide Mesocolic Excision and Central Vascular Ligation for Carcinoma of the Colon

Peer reviewe

Competition between ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism in the rutile Cr1-xVxO2 system

We present a comprehensive computational and experimental examination of the Cr1−xVxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) system. The entire series crystallizes in the rutile structure, but the compounds exhibit significantly different magnetic properties depending on x. Lattice parameter a increases linearly with x, but the c parameter is slightly reduced due to vanadium-vanadium bonding. The V-for-Cr substitution creates Cr3+-V5+ pairs; this leads to competition between ferromagnetic (Cr4+-Cr4+) and antiferromagnetic (Cr3+-Cr3+) interactions such that the materials change from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic with increasing x. Weak ferromagnetic interactions arising from Cr4+ are observed even in the seemingly antiferromagnetic phases with the exception of x = 0.5, which contains only Cr3+. Density functional theory calculations are performed, but they incorrectly predict the x = 0.5 phase to be a half-metal. This is caused by an incorrect prediction of the oxidation states of chromium and vanadium.Peer reviewe

Enzyme controlled glucose auto-delivery for high cell density cultivations in microplates and shake flasks

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Here we describe a novel cultivation method, called EnBase™, or enzyme-based-substrate-delivery, for the growth of microorganisms in millilitre and sub-millilitre scale which yields 5 to 20 times higher cell densities compared to standard methods. The novel method can be directly applied in microwell plates and shake flasks without any requirements for additional sensors or liquid supply systems. EnBase is therefore readily applicable for many high throughput applications, such as DNA production for genome sequencing, optimisation of protein expression, production of proteins for structural genomics, bioprocess development, and screening of enzyme and metagenomic libraries.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>High cell densities with EnBase are obtained by applying the concept of glucose-limited fed-batch cultivation which is commonly used in industrial processes. The major difference of the novel method is that no external glucose feed is required, but glucose is released into the growth medium by enzymatic degradation of starch. To cope with the high levels of starch necessary for high cell density cultivation, starch is supplied to the growing culture suspension by continuous diffusion from a storage gel.</p> <p>Our results show that the controlled enzyme-based supply of glucose allows a glucose-limited growth to high cell densities of OD₆₀₀= 20 to 30 (corresponding to 6 to 9 g l^-1cell dry weight) without the external feed of additional compounds in shake flasks and 96-well plates. The final cell density can be further increased by addition of extra nitrogen during the cultivation. Production of a heterologous triosphosphate isomerase in <it>E. coli </it>BL21(DE3) resulted in 10 times higher volumetric product yield and a higher ratio of soluble to insoluble product when compared to the conventional production method.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The novel EnBase method is robust and simple-to-apply for high cell density cultivation in shake flasks and microwell plates. The potential of the system is that the microbial growth rate and oxygen consumption can be simply controlled by the amount (and principally also by the activity) of the starch-degrading enzyme. This solves the problems of uncontrolled growth, oxygen limitation, and severe pH drop in shaken cultures. In parallel the method provides the basis for enhanced cell densities. The feasibility of the new method has been shown for 96-well plates and shake flasks and we believe that it can easily be adapted to different microwell and deepwell plate formats and shake flasks. Therefore EnBase will be a helpful tool especially in high throughput applications.</p

Quote Inspire

This is proposal for developing the interactive mobile application for android. This quotation application which contains 50+ quotations from various different categories like motivation, leadership, wisdom, spiritual etc. and also 50+ background pictures. There are many existing quotation applications available in present android market, we are trying to enhance the features of these applications which makes application more realistic, interactive and user friendly. Users can navigate and select quotations and background pictures from dashboard and select specific time for display. User can add quotations and background pictures also create his/her own quotation pictures by using the quotation editor available in the application. It has features like randomization, alarm, push notifications daily or weekly and also allows user to share quotations via texting, email, social media etc. For developing this application, we have My eclipse and Adt extension for android emulator for testing and for backend I have It can be available to use on android based mobile phones by April 29 2016

Incidence and management of patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous and metachronous colorectal metastases : a population-based study

Background This population-based study aimed to examine the incidence, patterns and results of multimodal management of metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods A retrospective population-based study was conducted on patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Central Finland in 2000-2015. Clinical and histopathological data were retrieved and descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the pattern of metastatic disease, defined as synchronous, early metachronous (within 12 months of diagnosis of primary disease) and late metachronous (more than 12 months after diagnosis). Subgroups were compared for resection and overall survival (OS) rates. Results Of 1671 patients, 296 (17.7 per cent) had synchronous metastases, and 255 (19.6 per cent) of 1302 patients with resected stage I-III tumours developed metachronous metastases (94 early and 161 late metastases). Liver, pulmonary and intraperitoneal metastases were the most common sites. The commonest metastatic patterns were a combination of liver and lung metastases. The overall metastasectomy rate for patients with synchronous metastases was 16.2 per cent; in this subgroup, 3- and 5-year OS rates after any resection were 63 and 44 per cent respectively, compared with 7.1 and 3.3 per cent following no resection (P <0.001). The resection rate was higher for late than for early metachronous disease (28.0versus17 per cent respectively;P = 0.048). Three- and 5-year OS rates after any resection of metachronous metastases were 78 and 62 per cent respectivelyversus42.1 and 18.2 per cent with no metastasectomy (P <0.001). Similarly, 3- and 5-year OS rates after any metastasectomy for early metachronous metastases were 57 and 50 per centversus84 and 66 per cent for late metachronous metastases (P = 0.293). Conclusion The proportion of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was consistent with that in earlier population-based studies, as were resection rates for liver and lung metastases and survival after resection. Differentiation between synchronous, early and late metachronous metastases can improve assessment of resectability and survival.Peer reviewe