Synthetic, Structural, and Biochemical Studies of Organotin(IV) With Schiff Bases Having Nitrogen and Sulphur Donor Ligands

Three bidentate Schiff bases having nitrogen and sulphur donor sequences were prepared by condensing S-benzyldithiocarbazate (NH(2)NHCS(2)CH(2)C(6)H(5)) with heterocyclic aldehydes. The reaction of diphenyltin dichloride with Schiff bases leads to the formation of a new series of organotin(IV) complexes. An attempt has been made to prove their structures on the basis of elemental analyses, conductance measurements, molecular weights determinations, UV, infrared, and multinuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H, (13)C, and (119)Sn) spectral studies. Organotin(IV) complexes were five- and six-coordinate. Schiff bases and their corresponding organotin complexes have also been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities and found to be quite active in this respect

PANOMICS meets germplasm

Genotyping-by-sequencing has enabled approaches for genomic selection to improve yield, stress resistance and nutritional value. More and more resource studies are emerging providing 1000 and more genotypes and millions of SNPs for one species covering a hitherto inaccessible intraspecific genetic variation. The larger the databases are growing, the better statistical approaches for genomic selection will be available. However, there are clear limitations on the statistical but also on the biological part. Intraspecific genetic variation is able to explain a high proportion of the phenotypes, but a large part of phenotypic plasticity also stems from environmentally driven transcriptional, post-transcriptional, ranslational, post-translational, epigenetic and metabolic regulation. Moreover, regulation of the same gene can have different phenotypic outputs in different environments. Consequently, to explain and understand environment-dependent phenotypic plasticity based on the available genotype variation we have to integrate the analysis of further molecular levels reflecting the complete information flow from the gene to metabolism to phenotype. Interestingly, metabolomics platforms are already more cost-effective than NGS platforms and are decisive for the prediction of nutritional value or stress resistance. Here, we propose three fundamental pillars for future breeding strategies in the framework of Green Systems Biology: (i) combining genome selection with environment dependent PANOMICS analysis and deep learning to improve prediction accuracy for marker dependent trait performance; (ii) PANOMICS resolution at subtissue, cellular and subcellular level provides information about fundamental functions of selected markers; (iii) combining PANOMICS with genome editing and speed breeding tools to accelerate and enhance large-scale functional validation of trait-specific precision breeding

Synthetic and Spectroscopic Characterization of Organotin(IV) Complexes of Biologically Active Schiff Bases Derived from Sulpha Drugs

A number of diorganotin(IV) complexes with Schiffbase have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductance measurements, molecular weight determinations, infrared, electronic and multinuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H, (13)C and (119)Sn NMR) spectral data. The molar conductivity data shows non-electrolytic nature of complexes. The bidentate nature of the ligands is inferred from IR and NMR spectral studies. The antimicrobial activities of the ligands and their tin complexes have been screened in vitro against the organism Escherichia coli; Staphylococus aureus, Prouteus mirabilis, Bacillus thurengiensis, Penicillium co.,sogenum, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum

Resonator to Laser Cavity Decoupling Interface for Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser

In the present work, the conventional chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) source has been technologically upgraded and successfully tested after implementation of decoupling interface between laser cavity and resonator. In the technique, anti-reflection coated fused silica windows mounted in suitable mechanical assemblies are placed between resonator mirrors and laser cavity in such a way that the generated laser beam is out coupled through the resonator during the laser operation. The implemented decoupling assemblies isolate the caustic environment produced in low pressure laser cavity from that of resonator mirrors. Thus requirement of using isolation valves and cavity limbs between laser cavity and resonator as in conventional COIL source is eliminated. Such decoupling mechanism therefore effectively reduces the number of associated components as well as overall length of the laser source which in turn further reduces the overall weight of the laser making it suitable for use onto a mobile platform. Moreover the technique provides accrued benefits in terms of reduction in readiness time and checking of optical alignment of the laser source at will in practical operation scenarios

Design of a compact SOI polarization rotator for mid-IR application

Design of a compact polarization rotator (PR) exploiting power coupling through phase matching between the TM mode of a strip waveguide (WG) and TE mode of a vertical slot WG is presented. Optimized cross sectional dimensions of the coupler have been achieved to use this device as a compact PR at 3 μm wavelength with device length of just 2 mm. We also investigate the device performance at the operating wavelength (λ) = 1.55 μm

Design and Performance Study of a Compact SOI Polarization Rotator at 1.55 mu m

We numerically design a compact silicon (Si) based polarization rotator (PR) by exploiting power coupling through phase matching between the TM mode of a Si strip waveguide (WG) and TE mode of a Si-air vertical slot WG. In such structures, the coupling occurs due to horizontal structural asymmetries and extremely high modal hybridness due to high refractive index contrast of Si-on-insulator (SOI) structure. Design parameters of the coupler have been optimized to achieve a compact PR of ~135 μm length at the telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm. Maximum power coupling efficiency Cm, which is studied by examining the transmittance of light, is achieved as high as 80% for both polarization conversions. Fabrication tolerances and the band width of operation of the designed PR have also been studied