3,894 research outputs found
The Modern FPGA as Discriminator, TDC and ADC
Recent generations of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become
indispensible tools for complex state machine control and signal processing,
and now routinely incorporate CPU cores to allow execution of user software
code. At the same time, their exceptional performance permits low-power
implementation of functionality previously the exclusive domain of dedicated
analog electronics. Specific examples presented here use FPGAs as
discriminator, time-to-digital (TDC) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). All
three cases are examples of instrumentation for current or future astroparticle
experiments.Comment: 7 pages, v3 minor JINST editorial correction
A Monolithic Time Stretcher for Precision Time Recording
Identifying light mesons which contain only up/down quarks (pions) from those
containing a strange quark (kaons) over the typical meter length scales of a
particle physics detector requires instrumentation capable of measuring flight
times with a resolution on the order of 20ps. In the last few years a large
number of inexpensive, multi-channel Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) chips have
become available. These devices typically have timing resolution performance in
the hundreds of ps regime. A technique is presented that is a monolithic
version of ``time stretcher'' solution adopted for the Belle Time-Of-Flight
system to address this gap between resolution need and intrinsic multi-hit TDC
performance.Comment: 9 pages, 15 figures, minor corrections made, to appear as JINST_008
The first version Buffered Large Analog Bandwidth (BLAB1) ASIC for high luminosity collider and extensive radio neutrino detectors
Future detectors for high luminosity particle identification and ultra high
energy neutrino observation would benefit from a digitizer capable of recording
sensor elements with high analog bandwidth and large record depth, in a
cost-effective, compact and low-power way. A first version of the Buffered
Large Analog Bandwidth (BLAB1) ASIC has been designed based upon the lessons
learned from the development of the Large Analog Bandwidth Recorder and
Digitizer with Ordered Readout (LABRADOR) ASIC. While this LABRADOR ASIC has
been very successful and forms the basis of a generation of new, large-scale
radio neutrino detectors, its limited sampling depth is a major drawback. A
prototype has been designed and fabricated with 65k deep sampling at
multi-GSa/s operation. We present test results and directions for future
evolution of this sampling technique.Comment: 15 pages, 26 figures; revised, accepted for publication in NIM
High Voltage CMOS Control Interface for Astronomy - Grade Charged Coupled Devices
The Pan-STARRS telescope consists of an array of smaller mirrors viewed by a
Gigapixel arrays of CCDs. These focal planes employ Orthogonal Transfer CCDs
(OTCCDs) to allow on-chip image stabilization. Each OTCCD has advanced logic
features that are controlled externally. A CMOS Interface Device for High
Voltage has been developed to provide the appropiate voltage signal levels from
a readout and control system designated STARGRASP. OTCCD chip output levels
range from -3.3V to 16.7V, with two different output drive strenghts required
depending on load capacitance (50pF and 1000pF), with 24mA of drive and a rise
time on the order of 100ns. Additional testing ADC structures have been
included in this chip to evaluate future functional additions for a next
version of the chip.Comment: 13 pages, 17 gigure
The PRO1 ASIC for Fast Wilkinson Encoding
Wilkinson conversion of stored samples in large Switch Capacitor Array (SCA)
ASICs, such as used for high speed waveform sampling, has many benefits in
terms of compactness, no missing output codes, low power requirements and
robustness. However such Analog-to-Digital conversions are relatively slow,
limited by the encoder clock speed. By repeating the same fast sampling
technique used by the SCA, combined with a fast priority encoder, significantly
faster conversion is demonstrated for a prototype ASIC designated PRO1. For
8-10 bits of resolution, this technique is compact and requires far fewer
system resources.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
ARGG-HDL: A High Level Python Based Object-Oriented HDL Framework
We present a High-Level Python-based Hardware Description Language
(ARGG-HDL), It uses Python as its source language and converts it to standard
VHDL. Compared to other approaches of building converters from a high-level
programming language into a hardware description language, this new approach
aims to maintain an object-oriented paradigm throughout the entire process.
Instead of removing all the high-level features from Python to make it into an
HDL, this approach goes the opposite way. It tries to show how certain features
from a high-level language can be implemented in an HDL, providing the
corresponding benefits of high-level programming for the user
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