Las cooperativas de crédito andaluzas en el siglo XX: origen y consolidación del sector

El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evolución de las cooperativas de crédito andaluzas durante el siglo XX, estudiando el desarrollo dese su origen hasta la consolidación del sector en la década de los noventa. Las primeras entidades de este tipo en Andalucía surgen en los primeros años de esa centuria, con algo de retraso respecto a otros países europeos y con menos impulso que en otras zonas de España. A partir de entonces, se crean numerosas entidades de pequeña dimensión vinculadas, en su mayoría a Sindicatos Agrarios o como secciones de crédito de cooperativas agrícolas que no llegarían a adquirir la condición de entidad de crédito. Desde mediados de siglo, comienza a configurarse el sector andaluz de cajas rurales con instituciones que, en su mayoría, se mantienen operativas hasta finales de la centuria. El estudio de los primeros años de vida de estas sociedades no es fácil por la falta de documentación. Sin embargo, para el último cuarto del siglo la información es algo más completa gracias a la publicación, desde 1971 y bajo diversas denominaciones, del Anuario Estadístico de las Cooperativas de Crédito y Cajas Rurales y a la inclusión por parte del Banco de España del desglose provincial de actividad de estas entidades en su Boletín Estadístico. Tomando como base estas fuentes, además de otras informaciones, se realiza un estudio más detenido de la actividad de las cajas rurales andaluzas entre 1975 y 2000. Se diferencian dos áreas en la región (oriental y occidental) tratando de identificar rasgos distintivos en ambas

Sagnac loop in ring resonators for tunable optical filters

General filter architecture using co- and counterpropagation signals are studied. A specific configuration based on a Sagnac loop within a ring resonator is analyzed. Novel tuning, apart from conventional tuning, is achieved by changing the coupling ratio of a coupler through the adjustment of the equivalent loop length. Full equations describing the filter behavior in passive and active configurations, and simple closed-form formulas to compute the tuning, tolerance, and full-width at half-maximum are reported. The performance of these devices is discussed for their application as selective or channel-dropping ultra-narrow-band filters. The effect of losses and their dispersion properties are also discussed. These devices can be conveniently implemented, using silicon- or InP-integrated optic technology, for they have high free spectral ranges.Publicad

A vanishing theorem for a class of logarithmic D-modules

Let OX (resp. DX) be the sheaf of holomorphic functions (resp. the sheaf of linear differential operators with holomorphic coefficients) on X = Cn. Let D X be a locally weakly quasi-homogeneous free divisor defined by a polynomial f. In this paper we prove that, locally, the annihilating ideal of 1/fk over DX is generated by linear differential operators of order 1 (for k big enough). For this purpose we prove a vanishing theorem for the extension groups of a certain logarithmic DX–module with OX. The logarithmic DX–module is naturally associated with D (see Notation 1.1). This result is related to the so called Logarithmic Comparison Theorem

Measurements On Passive Tunable Optical Filters For DWDM

WFOPC 2002 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components, University of Glasgow, Scotland, on 5th-6th June 2002.Measurements on a passive optical fibre tunable filter are presented. The device is based on a loop mirror in a ring resonator. The loop mirror allows tuning by changing the coupling coefficient of a coupler. The novel filter structure allows planar optical integration for having higher free spectral ranges. Novel and simple design equations for the filter parameters and the tuning process are reported. There is a good agreement between measurements and theory.Universidad Carlos III de MadridPublicad

Tunable Optical Filters Using Compound Ring Resonators for DWDM

The device is based on a loop mirror in a ring resonator. The loop mirror allows tuning by changing the coupling coefficient of a directional coupler. The loop mirror is implemented using a Sagnac configuration to have the same optical path between the signals to be interfered (copropagating and counterpropagating ones). The filter structure allows optical integration for having higher free-spectral ranges. Simple design equations for the filter parameters and the tuning are reported. Measurements on a passive optical fiber tunable filter are presented. There is a good agreement between measurements and theory.Publicad

Negotiation Games: Acquiring Skills by Playing

This paper shows the research done at the School of Industrial Engineers (ETSII) of the Technical University of Madrid (UPM), in two consecutive academic courses. In this negotiation game each team is formed by three students playing different roles, with a different degree of complexity. The game is played three different times changing the conditions and doing the Zones of Possible Agreement (ZOPA) smaller so the negotiation is going “harder” and it was more difficult for the team to achieve an agreement. Roles were distributed according to the student’s experience, since it was understood that difficulty of the roles was different, especially when there was set a time limit for negotiation. The combination of playing and training has shown that students without particularly good negotiating skills at the beginning of the experiment attained better final results than those who have natural negotiating skills, but no benefit of training

Percepción individual sobre el origen y el impacto de las cuasimonedas: el caso de Corrientes

El trabajo presenta por primera vez un análisis de percepción individual sobre el origen y el impacto de las cuasimonedas utilizando una encuesta especialmente diseñada a tal efecto y realizada en la provincia de Corrientes (Argentina), una de las economías regionales que más tiempo convivió con cuasimonedas. Se identifican parámetros para predecir la aceptación o rechazo de la aparición futura de cuasimonedas.Fil: Chelala, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Gervasoni, María José. No especifica;Fil: Vargas Viola, María Ludmila. No especifica

Accelerated amyloid angiopathy and related vascular alterations in a mixed murine model of Alzheimer´s disease and type two diabetes

Background: While aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer´s disease (AD), emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alterations such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are also major contributors. Indeed, several studies have described a close relationship between AD and T2D with clinical evidence showing that both diseases coexist. A hallmark pathological event in AD is amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain as either amyloid plaques or around leptomeningeal and cortical arterioles, thus constituting cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is observed in 85–95% of autopsy cases with AD and it contributes to AD pathology by limiting perivascular drainage of Aβ. Methods: To further explore these alterations when AD and T2D coexist, we have used in vivo multiphoton microscopy to analyze over time the Aβ deposition in the form of plaques and CAA in a relevant model of AD (APPswe/ PS1dE9) combined with T2D (db/db). We have simultaneously assessed the effects of high-fat diet-induced prediabetes in AD mice. Since both plaques and CAA are implicated in oxidative-stress mediated vascular damage in the brain, as well as in the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), we have also analyzed oxidative stress by Amplex Red oxidation, MMP activity by DQ ™ Gelatin, and vascular functionality. Results: We found that prediabetes accelerates amyloid plaque and CAA deposition, suggesting that initial metabolic alterations may directly affect AD pathology. T2D significantly affects vascular pathology and CAA deposition, which is increased in AD-T2D mice, suggesting that T2D favors vascular accumulation of Aβ. Moreover, T2D synergistically contributes to increase CAA mediated oxidative stress and MMP activation, affecting red blood cell velocity. Conclusions: Our data support the cross-talk between metabolic disease and Aβ deposition that affects vascular integrity, ultimately contributing to AD pathology and related functional changes in the brain microvasculature.University of Cadiz Predoctoral FellowshipEuropean CommissionEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre GA 847749Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Cientifico y Tecnologico del Sistema de I + D + i y del Programa Estatal de I + D +i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, del Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovaci PID2020-115499RB-I00/AEIAgencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) BFU 2016-75038-REuropean CommissionSpanish Government Spanish GovernmentAndalucia se mueve con Europa P20-0092

Postwar recomposition: Warsaw.

The liberation of Warsaw from the yoke, in one hand, of Nazi´s occupation and in the other one, of the Soviet allied siege, in the year 1945, entailed a process of rapid recomposition of the city. The inheritance during years was fulminated in five years causing the social collapse by the urban disidentification of the inhabitants. After the catastrophic destruction of the emblematic monuments and buildings of its historic center, the situation was addressed through three methodologies: historical, renovating and innovative. Therefore, those urban processes that followed the lines that the memory had drawn for them were used to carry out an involutive and regressive interpretation, in the historical recomposition of fragments, monumental pieces and embers of the ruins, with references to the value of its memory, of its identity, reworking the same historicist discourse. Under the command of Reconstruction´s Office for Warsaw Capital, and forming a multidisciplinary team led by the conservative Jan Zachwatowicz, there were discussions on how to address the reconstruction and reconfiguration of the damaged urban center. To this end, the intervention showed a green ring around the old urban center, founding the basis for the implantation and integration of the projects bordering the area and its traces, many of them disconnected from the historicist, eclectic and fragmentary drawing of the compact prewar urban mesh. Supported by emblematic actions on patrimonial elements and infrastructures, a city was conceived behind the scenes during the Nazi domination, which was later diverted to the influence of a socialist political ideology whose future would mark the relationship between the city center and the perfipherical areas.Departamento de Expresión Gráfica, Arquitectónica y en la Ingeniería

The influence and benefits of technology as a strategy in organizations

[EN] The article presents a description of "The Influence and Benefits of Technology as a Strategy in Organizations." Technology is considered as a competitive advantage, which allows organizations to benefit, this technology means that these companies can maintain themselves and acquire a position interesting within the market, now organizations are interested in the acquisition of technology, this acquisition takes value because of the economic importance that can come from having the best technology within the organization. The document presents information about technology as a key strategy, which can help companies to create a competitive advantage within the market.Vargas-Hernánez, JG.; Alcántara Salcedo, MT. (2020). The influence and benefits of technology as a strategy in organizations. Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences. 7(1):32-53. https://doi.org/10.4995/muse.2020.10693OJS325371Ahenkora, K.; Adjei, E. (2012). 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