3,166 research outputs found
A survey of backward proton and pion production in p+C interactions at beam momenta from 1 to 400 GeV/c
New data on proton and pion production in p+C interactions from the CERN PS
and SPS accelerators are used in conjunction with other available data sets to
perform a comprehensive survey of backward hadronic cross sections. This survey
covers the complete backward hemisphere in the range of lab angles from 10 to
180 degrees, from 0.2 to 1.4 GeV/c in lab momentum and from 1 to 400 GeV/c in
projectile momentum. Using the constraints of continuity and smoothness of the
angular, momentum and energy dependences a consistent description of the
inclusive cross sections is established which allows the control of the
internal consistency of the nineteen available data sets.Comment: 52 pages 47 figure
'She's a slut ... And it's wrong': Youth constructions of taxi queens in the Western Cape
Recent research on young womenâs sexuality highlights the transactional nature of relationships among young people, as well as the increase in intergenerational sexual relationships. These unequal and often coercive sexual practices may increase young womenâs vulnerability to unsafe sexual practices. Within this context, while there have been some media reports on the relationship between girls and taxi drivers, there has been little documented research on the phenomenon of âtaxi queensâ. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the understandings and constructions of taxi queens among local youth. A qualitative study involving 13 focus groups were held with youth in the Cape Town Metropole and the southern Cape region and analysed thematically. In general, there was widespread recognition among participants of transactional relationships between young women and usually older drivers. Taxi queens were strongly stigmatised, but their behaviour was also constructed as normative, especially in poor communities, and reflecting contradictory notions of vulnerability and power. However, taxi drivers were less stigmatised. Such constructions allow for the âotheringâ of these young women, which may undermine their ability to seek help in negotiating safer sexual relationships. At the same time, their concerns need to be understood within the larger context of challenges facing youth, especially in poor South African communities.Web of Scienc
Generic spectral properties of right triangle billiards
This article presents a new method to calculate eigenvalues of right triangle
billiards. Its efficiency is comparable to the boundary integral method and
more recently developed variants. Its simplicity and explicitness however allow
new insight into the statistical properties of the spectra. We analyse
numerically the correlations in level sequences at high level numbers (>10^5)
for several examples of right triangle billiards. We find that the strength of
the correlations is closely related to the genus of the invariant surface of
the classical billiard flow. Surprisingly, the genus plays and important role
on the quantum level also. Based on this observation a mechanism is discussed,
which may explain the particular quantum-classical correspondence in right
triangle billiards. Though this class of systems is rather small, it contains
examples for integrable, pseudo integrable, and non integrable (ergodic,
mixing) dynamics, so that the results might be relevant in a more general
context.Comment: 18 pages, 8 eps-figures, revised: stylistic changes, improved
presentatio
Duality Between the Weak and Strong Interaction Limits for Randomly Interacting Fermions
We establish the existence of a duality transformation for generic models of
interacting fermions with two-body interactions. The eigenstates at weak and
strong interaction U possess similar statistical properties when expressed in
the U=0 and U=infinity eigenstates bases respectively. This implies the
existence of a duality point U_d where the eigenstates have the same spreading
in both bases. U_d is surrounded by an interval of finite width which is
characterized by a non Lorentzian spreading of the strength function in both
bases. Scaling arguments predict the survival of this intermediate regime as
the number of particles is increased.Comment: RevTex4, 4 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication at Phys. Rev.
Let
Semiclassical cross section correlations
We calculate within a semiclassical approximation the autocorrelation
function of cross sections. The starting point is the semiclassical expression
for the diagonal matrix elements of an operator. For general operators with a
smooth classical limit the autocorrelation function of such matrix elements has
two contributions with relative weights determined by classical dynamics. We
show how the random matrix result can be obtained if the operator approaches a
projector onto a single initial state. The expressions are verified in
calculations for the kicked rotor.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Particle-unstable nuclei in the Hartree-Fock theory
Ground state energies and decay widths of particle unstable nuclei are
calculated within the Hartree-Fock approximation by performing a complex
scaling of the many-body Hamiltonian. Through this transformation, the wave
functions of the resonant states become square integrable. The method is
implemented with Skyrme effective interactions. Several Skyrme parametrizations
are tested on four unstable nuclei: 10He, 12O, 26O and 28O.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Borromean Binding of Three or Four Bosons
We estimate the ratio of the critical coupling constants
and which are required to achieve binding of 2 or 3 bosons,
respectively, with a short-range interaction, and examine how this ratio
depends on the shape of the potential. Simple monotonous potentials give
. A wide repulsive core pushes this ratio close to R=1. On the
other hand, for an attractive well protected by an external repulsive barrier,
the ratio approaches the rigorous lower bound . We also present results
for N=4 bosons, sketch the extension to , and discuss various
consequences.Comment: 12 pages, RevTeX, 5 Figures in tex include
Precise solution of few-body problems with stochastic variational method on correlated Gaussian basis
Precise variational solutions are given for problems involving diverse
fermionic and bosonic -body systems. The trial wave functions are chosen
to be combinations of correlated Gaussians, which are constructed from products
of the single-particle Gaussian wave packets through an integral
transformation, thereby facilitating fully analytical calculations of the
matrix elements. The nonlinear parameters of the trial function are chosen by a
stochastic technique. The method has proved very efficient, virtually exact,
and it seems feasible for any few-body bound-state problems emerging in nuclear
or atomic physics.Comment: 39 pages (revtex) + 3 figures (appended as compressed uuencoded .ps
files
Entropic Uncertainty Relations in Quantum Physics
Uncertainty relations have become the trademark of quantum theory since they
were formulated by Bohr and Heisenberg. This review covers various
generalizations and extensions of the uncertainty relations in quantum theory
that involve the R\'enyi and the Shannon entropies. The advantages of these
entropic uncertainty relations are pointed out and their more direct connection
to the observed phenomena is emphasized. Several remaining open problems are
mentionedComment: 35 pages, review pape
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