Reading Disability and Quality of Life Based on Both Self- and Parent-Reports: Importance of Gender Differences

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate self- and parent-rated quality of life (QoL) in children with a reading disability (RD) and the impact of comorbid psychopathology, with special focus on age and gender differences. Methods: Using the Dyslexia Differential Diagnosis Maastricht-Hungarian standard test, 127 children (aged < 18) were included in the RD group and 81 in the control group. To measure comorbid psychopathology, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered. To evaluate the children’s QoL self- and parent-rated versions of the Measure of Quality of Life for Children and Adolescents (ILK) were used. Group differences in QoL and psychopathology were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Moderated mediational models were tested in which comorbid psychopathology mediated the relationship between group membership and self- and parent-rated QoL, which was dependent on gender. Child’s age and parents’ level of education were included as covariates. Results: The RD group showed lower QoL than the controls in several domains, according to the parent-report, while no differences between the two groups were found, according to self-report. In boys, results revealed conditional and indirect effects of group membership on self- and parent-rated QoL through comorbid psychopathology (-.046, BCa 95%CI: -.135 −.043 and .064, BCa 95%CI: .024−.111, respectively) as well as a conditional direct effect of group membership on parent-reported (-.098, BCa 95%CI: .012−.184), but not self-rated, QoL. No relationship was found for girls. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of measuring QoL and comorbid psychopathology in children with RDs from more sources and accounting for gender and age differences

Reading Disability and Quality of Life Based on Both Self- and Parent-Reports:Importance of Gender Differences

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate self- and parent-rated quality of life (QoL) in children with a reading disability (RD) and the impact of comorbid psychopathology, with special focus on age and gender differences.Methods: Using the Dyslexia Differential Diagnosis Maastricht-Hungarian standard test, 127 children (aged < 18) were included in the RD group and 81 in the control group. To measure comorbid psychopathology, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered. To evaluate the children’s QoL self- and parent-rated versions of the Measure of Quality of Life for Children and Adolescents (ILK) were used. Group differences in QoL and psychopathology were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Moderated mediational models were tested in which comorbid psychopathology mediated the relationship between group membership and self- and parent-rated QoL, which was dependent on gender. Child’s age and parents’ level of education were included as covariates.Results: The RD group showed lower QoL than the controls in several domains, according to the parent-report, while no differences between the two groups were found, according to self-report. In boys, results revealed conditional and indirect effects of group membership on self- and parent-rated QoL through comorbid psychopathology (-.046, BCa 95%CI: -.135 −.043 and .064, BCa 95%CI: .024−.111, respectively) as well as a conditional direct effect of group membership on parent-reported (-.098, BCa 95%CI: .012−.184), but not self-rated, QoL. No relationship was found for girls. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of measuring QoL and comorbid psychopathology in children with RDs from more sources and accounting for gender and age differences

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 is a novel faecal biomarker for monitoring disease activity and therapeutic response in inflammatory bowel diseases

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis require lifelong treatment and patient monitoring. Current biomarkers have several limitations, therefore, there is an unmet need to identify novel biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previously, the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was established in the pathogenesis of IBD and suggested as a potential biomarker. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the selectivity of PAI-1 in IBD, its correlation with the disease activity, and its potential to predict therapeutic response.Blood, colon biopsy, organoid cultures (OC), and faecal samples were used from active and inactive IBD patients and control subjects. Serpin E1 gene expressions and PAI-1 protein levels and localization in serum, biopsy, and fecal samples were evaluated by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and immunostaining, respectively.The study population comprised 132 IBD patients (56 CD and 76 UC) and 40 non-IBD patients. We demonstrated that the serum, mucosal, and faecal PAI-1 concentration is elevated in IBD patients, showing clinical and endoscopic activity. In responders (decrease of eMayo≥3 in UC; or SES-CD>50% in CD), the initial PAI-1 level decreased significantly upon successful therapy. OCs derived from active IBD patients produced higher concentrations of PAI-1 than the controls, suggesting that epithelial cells could be a source of PAI-1. Moreover, faecal PAI-1 selectively increases in active IBD but not other organic gastrointestinal diseases.The serum, mucosal, and faecal PAI-1 concentration correlates with the disease activity and therapeutic response in IBD, suggesting that PAI-1 could be utilized as a novel non-invasive, disease-specific faecal biomarker in the patient follow-up