472 research outputs found
The orbits of outer planetary satellites using the Gaia data
Launch of the Gaia space observatory started a new era in astrometry when the
accuracy of star coordinates increased by thousands of times. Significant
improvement of accuracy was also expected for the coordinates of the Solar
system bodies. Gaia DR3 provided us with the data which could be used to test
our expectations. In this work, we refine the orbits of a number of outer
planetary satellites using both ground-based and Gaia observations. From
thirteen outer satellites observed by Gaia, we chose six to obtain their
orbits. Some specific moments in using observations of outer satellites made by
Gaia are demonstrated. These pecularities stem from scanning motion of Gaia, in
particular from the fact that the accuracy of observations is significantly
different along and across the scanning direction. As expected, Gaia
observations proved to be more precise than those made from Earth, which
results in more accurate satellite ephemerides. We estimate accuracy of the
ephemerides of considered satellites for the interval between 1996 and 2030. As
astrometric positions published in Gaia DR3 were not corrected for the
relativistic light deflection by the Sun, we took into account this effect,
which slightly diminished the rms residuals. In addition, relativistic light
deflection by the giant planets was estimated, which, as it turned out, can be
neglected with the given accuracy of Gaia observations.Comment: accepted in MNRAS 28.03.2023, 9 pages, 8 figure
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π°Π΄Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ FDM-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ
This article describes the results of a study aimed at improving production technology of experimental castings from aluminum alloys by investment casting using models produced by 3D printing. The consumable models were produced using fused depositionΒ modeling (FDM). Biodegradable polylactide (PLA) was used as a material for the models. In order to decrease the surface roughness of consumable PLAΒ model.Β chemicalΒ post-treatmentΒ byΒ dichloromethaneΒ needsΒ toΒ beΒ performed.Β AfterΒ immersionΒ ofΒ theΒ modelΒ into the solvent for 10s, its surface becomes smooth and glossy. Three-point static bending tests of PLA plates demonstrated a mechanical strength of average ~45.1 MPa. A thermomechanical analysis of polylactide demonstrated that in the course of heating of ceramic shell in excess of 150 Β°C, the polylactide model begins to expand intensively by exerting significant pressure on the ceramic shell. In order to decrease stress during the removal of polylactide model from ceramic mold, the heating time in the range of 150β300 Β°C needs to be heated to a maximum. The use of hollow consumable casting models with a cellular structure not higher than 30 % is also sensible. The stresses on the shell will not exceed its strength. CharacteristicΒ temperatureΒ propertiesΒ ofΒ PLAΒ plasticΒ thermalΒ destructionΒ were detected using thermogravimetric analysis. Polylactide was established to completely burn out uponΒ heatingΒ to 500Β Β°CΒ leavingΒ no ash residue. Analysis of the results identified the burning modes of polylactide models from ceramic molds. Using a Picaso 3D Designer printer (Russia), the PLA models were printed used for production of experimental castings from aluminum alloys. It was revealed that the surface roughness (Ra) of a casting produced using a consumable model treated by dichloromethane decreases by 81.75 %: from 13.7 to 2.5 ΞΌm.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 3D-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ (FDM β fused deposition modeling), Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ (PLA β polylactide). Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉΒ PLA-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΒ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° 10 Ρ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ PLA-ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ± ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ~ 45,1 ΠΠΠ°. Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 150 Β°Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 150β300 Β°Π‘, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 30 %. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ PLA-ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΒ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅ΡΒ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ 500 Β°Π‘, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Picaso 3D Designer (Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½Ρ PLA-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Β ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΒ Π΄Π»ΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊΒ ΠΈΠ·Β Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
Β ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ².Β ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Ra)Β ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ,Β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΏΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ,Β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ,Β ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° 81,75 % β Ρ 13,7 Π΄ΠΎ 2,5 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ
A method for calculating the enthalpy of hydrophobic effect
A new method for calculating the enthalpy of hydrophobic effect for compounds incapable of specific interactions with water was suggested. The method is based on separating the enthalpy of hydration into the contributions from nonspecific hydration and hydrophobic effect. The contribution from nonspecific hydration was determined by a method described previously. The enthalpies of hydrophobic effect for inert gases, alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and their derivatives were determined. It was found that the enthalpy of hydrophobic effect for inert gases and alkanes is negative and independent of the size of the molecule dissolved in water. For aromatic compounds, the enthalpy is positive; it increases with the molecular size. Β© Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006
Non-perturbative vacuum-polarization effects in proton-laser collisions
In the collision of a high-energy proton beam and a strong laser field,
merging of the laser photons can occur due to the polarization of vacuum. The
probability of photon merging is calculated by accounting exactly for the laser
field and presents a highly non-perturbative dependence on the laser intensity
and frequency. It is shown that the non-perturbative vacuum-polarization
effects can be experimentally measured by combining the next-generation of
table-top petawatt lasers with presently available proton accelerators.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Calculating the Gibbs energy of hydrogen bonding for proton acceptors with a solvent in methanol solutions
We propose a method for calculating the Gibbs energies of hydrogen bonding of solutes with associated solvents via the thermodynamic analysis of experimental values of solvation Gibbs energies. The method is applied to solutions of different proton acceptors in methanol. It is shown that the contribution of hydrogen bonding processes to the solvation Gibbs energy in methanol is in most cases very different in magnitude from the formation Gibbs energy of equimolar complexes of the solute and methanol. We demonstrate the need to include the contributions from solvophobic effects in investigating intermolecular interactions in associated solvents by means of thermodynamic data. Β© 2011 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Speed of Sound, Density, and Related Thermodynamic Excess Properties of Binary Mixtures of 2-Pyrrolidone and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone with Acetonitrile and Chloroform
Β© 2016 American Chemical Society.Densities and speeds of sound were measured for binary mixtures of 2-pyrrolidone or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with acetonitrile or chloroform at temperatures of (293.15 to 323.15) K and at atmospheric pressure, with uncertainties of 0.5 kgΒ·m-3 and 0.5 mΒ·s-1, respectively. From the measured speeds and densities, isentropic compressibilities and molar excesses of volume, isentropic compression, and thermal expansion were calculated. All of the excesses are negative, which is due to the geometries of the molecules and changes in the hydrogen bonding upon mixing. In the simplest case of the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone + acetonitrile system, the negative excesses result only from the different sizes of the molecules because the components are incapable of forming either self- or cross-associates. For the other systems, the net effects of the formation and/or dissociation of the hydrogen bonds lead to bigger negative excesses of molar volume and thermal expansion. The negative excesses of compression are probably caused mainly by filling of the gaps between the big lactam molecules with the smaller acetonitrile or chloroform molecules, while the formation of the hydrogen-bonded cross-associates plays a minor role
Enthalpy of cooperative hydrogen bonding in the complexes of triethyl- and tri-n-butylamines with alcohols: Effect of the alkyl chain length
The measurements of enthalpies of triethylamine and tri-n-butylamine dissolution in aliphatic alcohols and, vice versa, of aliphatic alcohols in amines were carried out. Enthalpies of specific interactions in the studied systems were calculated. The enthalpy of specific interaction determined in the alcohol medium, are significantly less than those obtained at dissolving alcohols in amines. The mechanism of specific interaction of amines with alcohols is discussed. Enthalpies of cooperative hydrogen bonds of tertiary amines with alcohol clusters are calculated. The dependences between the enthalpies of hydrogen bond and the spatial structure of interacting molecules are revealed. Β© 2010 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Thermochemistry of dissolution, solvation, and hydrogen bonding of anilines in proton-acceptor organic solvents at 298.15 K
Β© 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Enthalpies of dissolution at infinite dilution (298.15 K) of aniline, N-methylaniline, and N,N-dimethylaniline in a series of proton-acceptor solvents of different classes of compounds have been measured. The solvation enthalpies have been determined, and its relationship with the anilines structure has been analyzed. Enthalpy of hydrogen bonding in the complexes of aniline (1: 2) and N-methylaniline (1: 1) with the solvents has been calculated. In the case of aniline complexes, negative cooperativity of hydrogen bonding has been revealed, the effect enhancing with increasing the solvent proton-acceptor ability
Thermodynamics of the hydrogen bonding of nitrogen-containing cyclic and aromatic compounds with proton donors: The structure-property relationship
Β© 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Enthalpies of dissolution are measured at infinite dilution of nitrogen-containing cyclic (pyrrolidine, piperidine) and aromatic compounds (aniline, N-methylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylimidazole, pyridine, 2-, 3-, 4-methylpyridine, pyrrole, N-methylpyrrole) in chloroform and dichloromethane, and vice versa (T = 298.15 K). The enthalpies of hydrogen bonds in the above systems are calculated. Relationships between resulting thermochemical data and the structure of nitrogen-containing cyclic and aromatic compounds are explored
The ability of ionic liquids to form hydrogen bonds with organic solutes evaluated by different experimental techniques. Part I. Alkyl substituted imidazolium and sulfonium based ionic liquids
Β© 2018 This work is devoted to the quantitative study of hydrogen bond formation of N-alkyl substituted ionic liquids with proton acceptor and proton donor organic solvents. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [BMIM][NTf2], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [BMIM][TfO], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6], triethylsulfonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Et3S][NTf2], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide [BMIM][TCM], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM][BF4] were investigated by solution calorimetry and FTIR-spectroscopy techniques. The stretching vibration region of C[dbnd]O group of 2-pentanone in mixture with N-alkyl substituted ionic liquid in inert solvent carbon tetrachloride was analyzed at different concentrations of components for the estimation of proton donor ability of ionic liquids. Also, the stretching vibration region of the OH-group of methanol was studied in a ternary system carbon tetrachloride (inert solvent), methanol (proton donor) and N-alkyl substituted ionic liquid for the estimation of proton acceptor ability of ionic liquids. The hydrogen bond enthalpy of methanol in ionic liquids was calculated using data of measured solution enthalpies and data extracted from the literature. The frequency shifts of the OH-group of methanol induced by intermolecular interactions within ionic liquids in a carbon tetrachloride solution were compared with the hydrogen bonding enthalpies of methanol with ionic liquids. A linear relationship between the frequency shifts of the OH-groups and hydrogen binding enthalpies of methanol in ionic liquids were found. According to measured FTIR-spectroscopy data, the N-alkyl substituted ionic liquids analyzed in this work possess weak proton donor properties, and at the same time their proton acceptor ability (basicity) is much higher and shows dependency on anion structure
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