Stability of the coastline from Manakkodam to Thottappally along the Kerala coast

Wave refraction studies were undertaken to assess the stability of the coastline from Manakkodam to Thottappally, along the Kerala coast. Refraction diagrams were constructed for waves of different periods and directions of approach and the cumulative effect of the sediment transport was assessed for the particular region under study. The study reveals that the coastline north of Alleppey is on the whole a stable one. The stability of the beaches on the southern side from Alleppey Pier to Thottappally spillway, is more dependent on the changes in offshore relief

THE CASE OF THE EARLY POETRY

The creation of poetry works for poets is by given the freedom to use the language (licencia poeitica). However, the freedom to use language can be interpreted for people who are already proficient in the rules and meaning of language. For beginner poets the use of poetic lyses is sometimes inappropriate. Instead, they tend to display their inability to use language. This is what the authors found in the poetry anthology of the beginner writers who became the main background in this study. This is a qualitative research and used purposive sampling. This research took the object of 650 poems from 91 writers who were compiled in 7 anthologies of poetry writing to see the case found in their poems as an illustration of the misunderstanding of poetry creation. The data collection techniques used in this study was observation and document study. The writer used Spiral Model data analysis techniques for this research. The results of this research found that a) the meaning transparency or message b) language rules such as the use of capital letters with punctuation c) unity of ideas in the verse d) consideration of building typography e) beheadings

Injection of oxygenated Persian Gulf Water into the southern Bay of Bengal

Persian Gulf Water (PGW) is an oxygenated, high-salinity water mass that has recently been detected in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). However, little is known about the transport pathways of PGW into the BoB. Ocean glider observations presented here demonstrate the presence of PGW in the southwestern BoB. Output from an ocean reanalysis product shows that this PGW signal is associated with a northward-flowing filament of high-salinity water. Particle tracking experiments reveal two pathways: one in the eastern Arabian Sea that takes a minimum of 2 years and another in the western Arabian Sea that takes a minimum of 3 years. The western pathway connects to the BoB via equatorial currents. The greatest influx of PGW occurs between 82° and 87°E during the southwest monsoon. We propose that injection of PGW to the BoB oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) contributes to keeping oxygen concentrations in the BoB above the level at which denitrification occurs

Monsoon and ocean currents

This article belong to the second set of Radio Talks by Scientists of the NIO, an Oceanographic subject which were broadcast from All India Radio Panaji, during the period September-December 1970

Influence of Ortho Substituents on UV Spectra of Aryl Methyl Sulphoxides

116-119The UV spectra of some ortho substituted aryl methyl sulphoxides are recorded and analysed. A comparison of the steric effects of ortho substituents on conjugation of CH3S-, CH3SO- and CH3SO2- groups with the para substituents in the benzene ring has been made. The ortho substituents do not inhibit conjugation in the case of sulphones while they cause a marked inhibition in the case of sulphides and sulphoxides. The inhibition of conjugation of the CH3SO- group under the influence of ortho substituents is observed when the CH3SO- group acts both as an electron donor and as an electron acceptor. An explanation is offered for the observed steric effects

Determination of vertical velocities in the equatorial part of the Western Indian Ocean

Using steady state two-dimensional turbulent diffusion equations of salt and heat some important characteristics of vertical circulation in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean have been evaluated and discussed. Upwelling and sinking velocities, on an average, vary from 10/2 to 10/3 cm.sec/1 in the domain, and along the coast of Somalia; vertical velocities of the order of 10/1 to 10/2 cm.sec/1 have been obtained. The study has enabled the identification of zones of convergence and divergence in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean. Accuracy of the present method depends on the data on temperature and salinity and also on the values of eddy coefficients

Numerical model for wind-driven circulation in the Bay of Bengal

Wind-driven circulation in the Bay of Bengal, generated by a southwest wind of constant speed (10 m.sec -1) and direction (225 degrees TN), is presented. A non-linear hydrodynamic model is used for the simulation of circulation. Numerical experiments have shown that when a uniform wind stress in suddenly imposed over the sea surface, a steady circulation is generated after 50 h of numerical integration of model equations. The sensitivity of this model to bathymetry and coastal configuration is also discussed. The study shows that maximum current speed is observed near the coastal region as anticipated and it generally tends to follow the idealised bottom contours

Numerical model for wind-driven circulation in the Bay of Bengal

8-12Wind-driven circulation in the Bay of Bengal, generated by a southwest wind of constant speed (10 m.sec -1) and direction (225ᵒTN), is presented. A non-linear hydrodynamic model is used for the simulation of circulation. Numerical experiments have shown that when a uniform wind stress in suddenly imposed over the sea surface, a steady circulation is generated after 50 h of numerical integration of model equations. The sensitivity of this model to bathymetry and coastal configuration is also discussed. The study shows that maximum current speed is observed near the coastal region as anticipated and it generally tends to follow the idealised bottom contours

Flocculation of mud in mud bank at Purakad, Kerala coast

Results of laboratory experiments on flocculation and settlement of suspended mud under various salt concentrations in 3 different mud samples from the mud bank region are discussed. Flocculated settlement varies considerably with the grain size composition, and the mud of mud bank shows close response to salinity fluctuations. Rapid changes in settlement rate take place below 5%,, above which the changes are comparatively slow. Limitations of the jar experiment are discussed in detail. The results when applied to the mud bank region show that in the mud bank, even during monsoon, flocculated settlement prevails over deflocculated suspension and indicate that there is a continuous supply of suspended mud to the water column so that the mud bank continues to exist throughout the monsoon season

Determination of Vertical Velocities in the Equatorial Part of the Western Indian Ocean

55-58Using steady state two-dimensional turbulent diffusion equations of salt and heat some important characteristics of vertical circulation in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean have been evaluated and discussed. Upwelling and sinking velocities, on an average, vary from 10/2 to 10/3 cm.sec/1 in the domain, and along the coast of Somalia; vertical velocities of the order of 10/1 to 10/2 cm.sec/1 have been obtained. The study has enabled the identification of zones of convergence and divergence in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean. Accuracy of the present method depends on the data on temperature and salinity and also on the values of eddy coefficients