Traitement de données vectorielles multicapteurs. Application à l'acoustique sous-marine

L'utilisation de données vectorielles multi-capteurs en acoustique sous-marine offre de nouvelles possibilités de séparation d'ondes. Nous proposons d'utiliser séquentiellement le traitement vectoriel (polarisation) puis le traitement multi-capteurs (antenne). Pour l'étude de la propagation marine, sismique et acoustique en Ultra Basses Fréquences (U.B.F., entre 1 et 50 Hz), une estimation de la contribution du sous-sol sur des données réelles basée sur ce traitement séquentiel illustre l'intérêt de cette méthode

Phenology of Scramble Polygyny in a Wild Population of Chrysolemid Beetles: The Opportunity for and the Strength of Sexual Selection

Recent debate has highlighted the importance of estimating both the strength of sexual selection on phenotypic traits, and the opportunity for sexual selection. We describe seasonal fluctuations in mating dynamics of Leptinotarsa undecimlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We compared several estimates of the opportunity for, and the strength of, sexual selection and male precopulatory competition over the reproductive season. First, using a null model, we suggest that the ratio between observed values of the opportunity for sexual selections and their expected value under random mating results in unbiased estimates of the actual nonrandom mating behavior of the population. Second, we found that estimates for the whole reproductive season often misrepresent the actual value at any given time period. Third, mating differentials on male size and mobility, frequency of male fighting and three estimates of the opportunity for sexual selection provide contrasting but complementary information. More intense sexual selection associated to male mobility, but not to male size, was observed in periods with high opportunity for sexual selection and high frequency of male fights. Fourth, based on parameters of spatial and temporal aggregation of female receptivity, we describe the mating system of L. undecimlineata as a scramble mating polygyny in which the opportunity for sexual selection varies widely throughout the season, but the strength of sexual selection on male size remains fairly weak, while male mobility inversely covaries with mating success. We suggest that different estimates for the opportunity for, and intensity of, sexual selection should be applied in order to discriminate how different behavioral and demographic factors shape the reproductive dynamic of populations

Les tactiques de reproduction du chevreuil (une approche évolutive de la territorialité chez les ongulés)

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Multiple paternity occurs with low frequency in the territorial roe deer, Capreolus capreolus

International audienceAn explanation for female multiple mating when males offer no material benefits but sperm remains elusive, largely because of a lack of empirical support for the genetic benefits hypothesis. We used 21 microsatellite markers to test for multiple paternities among 88 litters of roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, and to investigate the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis as a potential mechanism for the evolution of female multiple mating. From paternity analyses, we found that 13.5% of polytocous litters were sired by more than one male. We also found that a half-sib relationship was more likely than a full-sib relationship for 20.5% of all litters. This is the first report of multiple paternities in a territorial ungulate species. In support of the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, we found that parents who were strongly related produced offspring with lower individual heterozygosity that survived less well during their first summer than fawns with unrelated parents. In addition, fawns from multiple paternity litters survived their first summer better than fawns from single paternity litters. However, it remains unclear whether all female multiple paternity events in this species are provoked by an initial consanguineous mating

Is a proactive mum a good mum ? A mother's coping style influences early fawn survival in roe deer

International audienceIndividual differences in behavior may strongly shape life-history trajectories. However, few empirical studies to date have investigated the link between behavioral traits and fitness, especially in wild populations. We measured the impact of coping style in female roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) on early survival of their offspring. Specifically, we expected offspring of proactive mothers, which should be more mobile and aggressive, to survive better than those of reactive females, which should be more passive and react less in stressful contexts. To test this prediction, we accounted for confounding effects of variation in early survival linked to habitat heterogeneity, as we also expected bed-site selection to impact fawn survival. Fawn survival was highly dependent on the interaction between habitat use and the coping style of the mother. As expected, fawns of proactive mothers survived better in open habitats. However, unexpectedly, fawns of reactive mothers had the highest survival in closed habitats. Our findings provide clear evidence that interindividual differences in the coping style of the mother can markedly impact early offspring survival and, thereby, female fitness, in wild populations of mammals. Moreover, we provide evidence that fitness consequences of copying styles are habitat-dependent, providing a possible mechanism for the maintenance of within-population variation in behavior

Age-specific variation in male breeding success of a territorial ungulate species, the european roe deer

Age-specific variation in male breeding success of a territorial ungulate species, the european roe dee

ASreml code and Data from the study "Between-population differences in the genetic and maternal components of body mass in roe deer"

This repository contains the source code (ASremL input files) and the data used to perform the QG analyses (univariate, bivariate, random regression animal models) in the study "Between-population differences in the genetic and maternal components of body mass in roe deer". Quéméré E et al

Short- and long-term repeatability of docility in the roe deer: sex and age matter

International audienceBehavioural consistency is a key assumption when evaluating how between-individual differences in behaviour influence life history tactics. Hence, understanding how and why variation in behavioural repeatability occurs is crucial. While analyses of behavioural repeatability are common, few studies of wild populations have investigated variation in repeatability in relation to individual status (e.g. sex, age, condition) and over different timescales. Here, we aimed to fill this gap by assessing within-population variation in the repeatability of docility, as assessed by the individual's response to human handling, in a free-ranging population of European roe deer, Capreolus capreolus. Docility was an equally repeatable behaviour at both short- and long-term timescales, suggesting that this behavioural trait is stable across time. Repeatability did not differ markedly between age and sex categories but tended to be higher in juvenile males than in juvenile females. Finally, contrary to expectation, individual variation in the repeatability of docility was not correlated with individual body mass. Further studies are required to assess the life history consequences of the individual variation in docility we report here

Short- and long-term repeatability of docility in the roe deer : sex and age matter

International audienceBehavioural consistency is a key assumption when evaluating how between-individual differences in behaviour influence life history tactics. Hence, understanding how and why variation in behavioural repeatability occurs is crucial. While analyses of behavioural repeatability are common, few studies of wild populations have investigated variation in repeatability in relation to individual status (e.g. sex, age, condition) and over different timescales. Here, we aimed to fill this gap by assessing within-population variation in the repeatability of docility, as assessed by the individual's response to human handling, in a free-ranging population of European roe deer, Capreolus capreolus. Docility was an equally repeatable behaviour at both short- and long-term timescales, suggesting that this behavioural trait is stable across time. Repeatability did not differ markedly between age and sex categories but tended to be higher in juvenile males than in juvenile females. Finally, contrary to expectation, individual variation in the repeatability of docility was not correlated with individual body mass. Further studies are required to assess the life history consequences of the individual variation in docility we report here