168 research outputs found
La collaboration enseignante-chercheure : étude de cas relative à l'enseignement de l'écriture littéraire à l'école primaire
Lâapprentissage de lâĂ©criture dans les Ă©coles primaires soulĂšve des inquiĂ©tudes frĂ©quemment renouvelĂ©es tant dans la sociĂ©tĂ© francophone que dans la communautĂ© Ă©ducative et dans les milieux de recherche. Aux questions que soulĂšvent la conceptualisation de la complexitĂ© de lâapprentissage de lâĂ©criture littĂ©raire et la conception dâactivitĂ©s didactico-pĂ©dagogiques concernant son enseignement dans les Ă©coles primaires, sâajoute celle de la relation quâentretiennent chercheurs et enseignants Ă cet Ă©gard. Situant ma recherche dans le contexte dâun tournant actionnel et mobilisant principalement les cadres thĂ©oriques de lâinteractionnisme symbolique et de la ThĂ©orie de lâaction conjointe en didactique, je me suis intĂ©ressĂ©e aux interactions entre une enseignante et une chercheure Ă propos de lâenseignement de lâĂ©criture littĂ©raire Ă lâĂ©cole primaire. Jâai envisagĂ© lâĂ©criture littĂ©raire comme une activitĂ© complexe nĂ©cessitant, dâune part, que lâenfant mobilise un grand nombre de savoirs sur la langue et quâil fasse preuve de crĂ©ativitĂ© littĂ©raire et, dâautre part, que lâenseignant lui apporte un soutien ajustĂ© Ă ses besoins tout au long de la dĂ©marche dâĂ©criture en adoptant Ă la fois le rĂŽle de coauteur, de lecteur et de guide. Ma recherche doctorale sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e dans le contexte dâune Ă©tude longitudinale de type Recherche-Action-Formation et elle visait Ă comprendre comment les interactions entre enseignante et chercheure pouvaient, dans ce contexte de recherche, soutenir lâappropriation par une enseignante dâune approche didactico-pĂ©dagogique de lâenseignement de lâĂ©criture littĂ©raire. Mâappuyant sur un paradigme constructiviste, jâai fait le choix mĂ©thodologique dâune Ă©tude de cas. Jâai travaillĂ© avec une enseignante durant une annĂ©e scolaire, alternant les moments de coenseignement de lâĂ©criture dans sa classe et les rencontres de travail permettant une rĂ©flexion commune concernant les interventions Ă dĂ©ployer auprĂšs de ses Ă©lĂšves. Les analyses que jâai rĂ©alisĂ©es ont permis de comprendre, dans le cadre dâune collaboration enseignante-chercheure, la dynamique dâappropriation dâune approche didactico-pĂ©dagogique de lâenseignement de lâĂ©criture littĂ©raire. Le premier registre dâanalyse mâa permis de documenter le dĂ©roulement des interactions enseignante-chercheure en situation de collaboration et les interventions de lâenseignante auprĂšs des enfants lors dâactivitĂ©s dâĂ©criture littĂ©raire. Le second registre mâa quant Ă lui permis de documenter, au fil des interactions et de lâalternance des moments de formation et dâaction, la transformation des regards portĂ©s par lâenseignante et la chercheure sur les objets de savoir placĂ©s au coeur de la relation didactique. Les rĂ©sultats de ces analyses ont ainsi permis de comprendre que pour que les interactions enseignante-chercheure favorisent une nĂ©gociation de lâapproche didactico-pĂ©dagogique, il importait que les objets de savoirs placĂ©s au coeur des interactions rĂ©pondent Ă un besoin de formation de lâenseignante. Comme chercheure, je pouvais toutefois contribuer Ă la construction de ce besoin en amenant lâenseignante Ă vivre des situations de dĂ©sĂ©quilibre ancrĂ©es dans ses expĂ©riences dâenseignement. Ma recherche a Ă©galement conduit Ă dĂ©gager des niveaux de transaction enseignante-chercheure dĂ©crivant les significations graduellement nĂ©gociĂ©es au fil des rencontres de travail ainsi que la dynamique des interactions ayant contribuĂ© Ă lâĂ©volution des nĂ©gociations de sens. Elle a ainsi montrĂ© quâen ce qui concerne lâanalyse des compĂ©tences des enfants, les significations ont pu ĂȘtre nĂ©gociĂ©es dans le contexte dâajustements mutuels. En ce qui concerne la nĂ©gociation des pistes dâintervention auprĂšs des enfants, lâanalyse mâa permis de relever que les propositions didactico-pĂ©dagogiques avaient dĂ» faire lâobjet de dĂ©bats dâexpertes dans le cadre desquels enseignante et chercheure pouvaient croiser leurs points de vue et leurs expertises acquises dans leurs milieux respectifs. Enfin, ma recherche a contribuĂ© Ă comprendre que pour favoriser lâappropriation dâune approche didactico-pĂ©dagogique de lâĂ©criture par une enseignante, il importait, dâune part, de construire une relation de confiance entre enseignante et chercheure et, dâautre part, dâoffrir lâoccasion dâalterner les moments de formation et dâaction se dĂ©roulant dans la classe de lâenseignante
Vitamin D and adult bone health in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement
The document attached has been archived with permission from the editor of the Medical Journal of Australia. An external link to the publisherâs copy is included.See page 3 of PDF for this item.Simon J Vanlin
Vitamin D and people with intellectual disability
Copyright © 2008 Royal Australian College of General Practitioners Copyright to Australian Family Physician. Reproduced with permission. Permission to reproduce must be sought from the publisher, The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is essential for the normal functioning of a diverse range of metabolic processes, especially bone health. It is widely appreciated that the elderly are at increased risk of vitamin D insufficiency, but it is less well known that people with intellectual disability are also at increased risk. OBJECTIVE: This article summarises the issues regarding vitamin D in people with intellectual disability, making recommendations about screening, management and follow up. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of intellectual disability in the Australian population has been estimated at just over 1%, implying that most general practitioners will care for several people with intellectual disability. Relatively simple steps are likely to have a significant impact on the health of this vulnerable group of people.Simon Vanlint, Michael Nugent and Seeta Durvasul
Rapid Acquisition of Gigapascal-High-Pressure Resistance by Escherichia coli
Pressure and temperature are important environmental variables that influence living systems. However, while they vary over a considerable range on Earth and other planets, it has hardly been addressed how straightforwardly and to what extent cellular life can acquire resistance to extremes of these parameters within a defined genomic context and a limited number of generations. Nevertheless, this is a very pertinent question with respect to the penetration of life in allegedly inhospitable environments. In this study, directed evolution was used to reveal the potential of the nonsporulating and mesophilic model bacterium Escherichia coli to develop the ability to survive exposure to high temperature or pressure. While heat resistance could only marginally be increased, our data show that piezoresistance could readily and reproducibly be extended into the GPa range, thereby greatly exceeding the currently recognized maximum for growth or survival
Narrar a vulnerabilidade escolar: concepção de uma abordagem metodológica
Dans cet article, nous proposons une dĂ©marche mĂ©thodologique pour lâĂ©tude de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© liĂ©e Ă des difficultĂ©s scolaires de lâenfant en lâenvisageant sous lâangle de trois acteurs : lâenfant, lâenseignant et le parent. Empruntant une dĂ©marche comprĂ©hensive dâinspiration ethnographique et clinique, nous avons Ă©laborĂ© un dispositif de recueil de rĂ©cits et trois protocoles dâentretien clinique-dialogique appropriĂ©s Ă chacun de ces acteurs. GuidĂ©e par lâobjectif de cerner le discours tenu au regard de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© de certains enfants aux prises avec des difficultĂ©s scolaires, notre dĂ©marche est Ă©galement critique en ce sens quâelle prĂ©sente une interaction dialectique ouverte entre les chercheuses et leurs participants oĂč les premiĂšres questionnent les seconds dans le but de lever le voile sur leurs construits eu Ă©gard Ă notre objet dâĂ©tude. Cette proposition mĂ©thodologique sâinscrit dans le cadre dâun projet de recherche qui vise Ă interroger les fondements thĂ©oriques au regard desquels sont conceptualisĂ©es les difficultĂ©s scolaires (sociologique, pĂ©dagogique, mĂ©dical, psychologique) avec la finalitĂ© de pourvoir des ressources pour agir ensemble. 
Epidemiology of arthritis, chronic back pain, gout, osteoporosis, spondyloarthropathies and rheumatoid arthritis among 1.5 million patients in Australian general practice: NPS MedicineWise MedicineInsight dataset
Background: Previous estimates for the prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions (MSK) and chronic pain in Australia have been based on self-report. We aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of arthritis, chronic back pain, gout, osteoporosis, spondyloarthropathies and rheumatoid arthritis and current consultations for chronic pain among adults attending Australian general practice, and describe their distribution according to sociodemographic characteristics and presence of co-morbidities. Methods: We investigated 1,501,267 active adult patients (57.6% females; 22.5% â„65y) evaluated between 2013 and 2016 and included in the MedicineInsight database (a National Prescribing Service MedicineWise program), a large general practice data program that extracts longitudinal de-identified electronic medical record data from âactiveâ patients in over 550 practices. Three main groups of outcomes were investigated: 1) âprevalenceâ of arthritis, chronic back pain, gout, osteoporosis, spondyloarthropathies, and/or rheumatoid arthritis between 2000 and 2016; 2) âcurrentâ diagnosis/encounter for the same conditions occurring between 2013 and 2016, and; 3) âcurrentâ consultations for chronic pain of any type occurring between 2013 and 2016. Results: The combined âprevalenceâ of the investigated MSK (diagnosis between 2000 and 2016) among adults attending Australian general practice was 16.8% (95%CI 15.9;17.7) with 21.3% (95%CI 20.2;22.4) of the sample consulting for chronic pain between 2013 and 2016. The investigated MSK with the highest âprevalenceâ were arthritis (9.5%) and chronic back pain (6.7%). Patients with some of these MSK attended general practices more frequently than those without these conditions (median 2.0 and 1.0 contacts/year, respectively). The âprevalenceâ of the investigated MSK and âcurrentâ consultations for chronic pain increased with age, especially in women, but chronic pain remained stable at 22% for males aged >â40 years. The investigated MSK and chronic pain were more frequent among those in lower socioeconomic groups, veterans, Aboriginal and Torrent Strait Islanders, current and ex-smokers, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure. Conclusions: The investigated MSK are more frequent among lower socioeconomic groups and the elderly. Based on information collected from adults attending Australian general practices, MedicineInsight provided similar estimates to those obtained from population-based studies, with the advantage of being based on medical diagnosis and including a national sample.David Alejandro GonzĂĄlez-Chica, Simon Vanlint, Elizabeth Hoon and Nigel Stock
Does vitamin D sufficiency equate to a single serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D level or are different levels required for non-skeletal diseases?
Objective: Clarify the concept of vitamin D sufficiency, the relationship between efficacy and vitamin D status and the role of Vitamin D supplementation in the management of non-skeletal diseases. We outline reasons for anticipating different serum vitamin D levels are required for different diseases. Method: Review the literature for evidence of efficacy of supplementation and minimum effective 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in non-skeletal disease. Results: Evidence of efficacy of vitamin supplementation is graded according to levels of evidence. Minimum effective serum 25-OHD levels are lower for skeletal disease, e.g., rickets (25 nmol/L), osteoporosis and fractures (50 nmol/L), than for premature mortality (75 nmol/L) or non-skeletal diseases, e.g., depression (75 nmol/L), diabetes and cardiovascular disease (80 nmol/L), falls and respiratory infections (95 nmol/L) and cancer (100 nmol/L). Conclusions: Evidence for the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation at serum 25-OHD levels ranging from 25 to 100 nmol/L has been obtained from trials with vitamin D interventions that change vitamin D status by increasing serum 25-OHD to a level consistent with sufficiency for that disease. This evidence supports the hypothesis that just as vitamin D metabolism is tissue dependent, so the serum levels of 25-OHD signifying deficiency or sufficiency are disease dependent.Simon Spedding, Simon Vanlint, Howard Morris and Robert Scrag
Vitamin D and obesity
Obesity is a significant health problem world-wide, particularly in developed nations. Vitamin D deficiency is pandemic, and has been implicated in a wide variety of disease states. This paper seeks to examine the consistently reported relationship between obesity and low vitamin D concentrations, with reference to the possible underlying mechanisms. The possibility that vitamin D may assist in preventing or treating obesity is also examined, and recommendations for future research are made. There is a clear need for adequately-powered, prospective interventions which include baseline measurement of 25D concentrations and involve adequate doses of supplemental vitamin D. Until such studies have been reported, the role of vitamin D supplementation in obesity prevention remains uncertain.Simon Vanlin
A qualitative exploration of GPsâ perspectives on managing chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain in Australian general practice â a focus group study
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International LicenseObjective: Chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain (CNMP) is a complex idiopathic condition that causes significant disruption to patientsâ lives, their relationships, and functionality. The cause of CNMP is not fully understood, which makes diagnosis and management challenging. As general practitioners (GPs) are central to the management of chronic pain, their perspectives on managing CNMP are important.
Purpose: To explore the clinical reasoning GPs use when diagnosing and managing CNMP.
Methods: A qualitative study design using focus group discussion was conducted with Australian GPs. Five focus group discussion were conducted across Adelaide. All focus group discussions were audio-recorded, and transcripts were coded and analyzed thematically with the program NVivo.
Results: The main themes remained consistent across the five focus group discussionâs: the ambiguous cause of CNMP; sex differences; developing the âright strategyâ; patient-centered care; and verifying vitamin D levels.
Conclusion: The findings show that GPs use a patient-centered approach tailored to individual patientsâ medical history, physical examination findings, and psychosocial health. There was general concern about low levels of vitamin D in patients with CNMP, and vitamin D supplements were recommended if indicated by a patientâs history
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