A torus bifurcation theorem with symmetry

Hopf bifurcation in the presence of symmetry, in situations where the normal form equations decouple into phase/amplitude equations is described. A theorem showing that in general such degeneracies are expected to lead to secondary torus bifurcations is proved. By applying this theorem to the case of degenerate Hopf bifurcation with triangular symmetry it is proved that in codimension two there exist regions of parameter space where two branches of asymptotically stable two-tori coexist but where no stable periodic solutions are present. Although a theory was not derived for degenerate Hopf bifurcations in the presence of symmetry, examples are presented that would have to be accounted for by any such general theory

Regulatory Taking: A Contract Approach

This Article begins by defining the parameters of the fifth amendment\u27s taking clause. The Article then reviews the various tests used in determining whether governmental action constitutes a taking, and discusses the recent Supreme Court decisions within the framework of case law as it has evolved since the Court\u27s 1922 landmark decision, Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon. Finally, the Article suggests a formula based on well-established contract principles for analyzing the impact of land use regulation on private property interests

Absorption of nitric oxide into aqueous solutions of ferrous chelates accompanied by instantaneous reaction

The absorption of nitric oxide (NO) into aqueous solutions of ferrous chelates of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was studied in a stirred cell reactor. Experimental conditions were as follows: 0.05 less than or equal to CF(IIL) less than or equal to 0.1 kmol/mg(3), 8 less than or equal to P-NO less than or equal to 30 kPa, 3 less than or equal to pH less than or equal to 10 (NTA), or 7 less than or equal to pH less than or equal to 8 (EDTA, HEDTA, DTPA), C-L less than or equal to C-Fe(II) less than or equal to 3C(L) (NTA) or C-L = C-Fe(II) (EDTA, HEDTA, DTPA), and 293 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 333 K (NTA, EDTA, HEDTA) or T = 294 K (DTPA). The absorption leads to stable ferrous NO chelates. Due to the high reaction rate, in combination with the relatively high P-NO applied, the absorption rate is strongly affected by mass transfer limitation only. By applying penetration theory, the ratio of the diffusion coefficients of ferrous chelates and NO was determined: at T = 294 K (D(Fe(II)chelate)/D-NO)(1/2) = 0.44 +/- 0.01, 0.34 +/- 0.01, 0.36 +/- 0.01, and 0.31 +/- 0.015, for the ferrous NTA, HEDTA, EDTA, and DTPA complexes, respectively. At elevated T, (D(Fe(II)chelate)/D-NO)(1/2) decreases due to the unusual T-dt pendency of D-NO. For ferrous NTA, the formation of the ferrous NO chelate is;accompanied by pH effects that can be understood from iron chelate chemistry. In the case of ferrous NTA, pH <5, or an excess of ligand, these effects lead to local pH gradients at the gas-liquid interface, that substantially affect the NO absorption rates. Kinetic data from the literature on the absorption of NO into ferrous chelates were evaluated using the mass transfer parameters determined. These kinetic data are often unreliable

Absorption of nitric oxide into aqueous solutions of ferrous chelates accompanied by instantaneous reaction

The absorption of nitric oxide (NO) into aqueous solutions of ferrous chelates of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was studied in a stirred cell reactor. Experimental conditions were as follows: 0.05 less than or equal to CF(IIL) less than or equal to 0.1 kmol/mg(3), 8 less than or equal to P-NO less than or equal to 30 kPa, 3 less than or equal to pH less than or equal to 10 (NTA), or 7 less than or equal to pH less than or equal to 8 (EDTA, HEDTA, DTPA), C-L less than or equal to C-Fe(II) less than or equal to 3C(L) (NTA) or C-L = C-Fe(II) (EDTA, HEDTA, DTPA), and 293 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 333 K (NTA, EDTA, HEDTA) or T = 294 K (DTPA). The absorption leads to stable ferrous NO chelates. Due to the high reaction rate, in combination with the relatively high P-NO applied, the absorption rate is strongly affected by mass transfer limitation only. By applying penetration theory, the ratio of the diffusion coefficients of ferrous chelates and NO was determined: at T = 294 K (D(Fe(II)chelate)/D-NO)(1/2) = 0.44 +/- 0.01, 0.34 +/- 0.01, 0.36 +/- 0.01, and 0.31 +/- 0.015, for the ferrous NTA, HEDTA, EDTA, and DTPA complexes, respectively. At elevated T, (D(Fe(II)chelate)/D-NO)(1/2) decreases due to the unusual T-dt pendency of D-NO. For ferrous NTA, the formation of the ferrous NO chelate is;accompanied by pH effects that can be understood from iron chelate chemistry. In the case of ferrous NTA, pH <5, or an excess of ligand, these effects lead to local pH gradients at the gas-liquid interface, that substantially affect the NO absorption rates. Kinetic data from the literature on the absorption of NO into ferrous chelates were evaluated using the mass transfer parameters determined. These kinetic data are often unreliable

Young‐onset dementia in memory clinics in the Netherlands: Study design and description of PRECODE‐GP

Abstract The disease trajectory and healthcare requirements of patients with young‐onset dementia (YOD) differ from those of older patients. Accurate data about YOD is crucial to improve diagnosis and optimize care. PRECODE‐GP aims to set up a prospective national database of patients with YOD to gain insight into the occurrence and characteristics of patients with YOD in memory clinics in the Netherlands. The national database includes data from dementia patients aged <70 years at diagnosis, collected by local memory clinics (MCs). Data included demographic information, clinical variables, and (etiological) diagnoses. Between July 2019 and December 2022, 781 patients with a mean age of 62±6y at diagnosis (range 37 to 69y) were included from 39 MCs. Most (n = 547,70%) were diagnosed with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with Frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTD, n = 87, 11%) were youngest (61±6.0y). Over half (55%) of patients were experiencing symptoms for ≥2 years. We initiated a Dutch national YOD database to improve diagnosis and care for this underrepresented and vulnerable patient group. The database provides a basis for future in‐depth studies on YOD

Multiple loci influence erythrocyte phenotypes in the CHARGE Consortium

Measurements of erythrocytes within the blood are important clinical traits and can indicate various hematological disorders. We report here genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for six erythrocyte traits, including hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red blood cell count (RBC). We performed an initial GWAS in cohorts of the CHARGE Consortium totaling 24,167 individuals of European ancestry and replication in additional independent cohorts of the HaemGen Consortium totaling 9,456 individuals. We identified 23 loci significantly associated with these traits in a meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts (combined P values ranging from 5 x 10(-8) to 7 x 10(-86)). Our findings include loci previously associated with these traits (HBS1L-MYB, HFE, TMPRSS6, TFR2, SPTA1) as well as new associations (EPO, TFRC, SH2B3 and 15 other loci). This study has identified new determinants of erythrocyte traits, offering insight into common variants underlying variation in erythrocyte measures

Multiple loci influence erythrocyte phenotypes in the CHARGE Consortium

Erythrocyte measures are heritable and have important health implications, yet their genetic determinants are largely unknown. We performed genome-wide association analyses in 24,167 European-ancestry individuals for six erythrocyte traits and identified associations at 23 loci (P values 5×10(-8) to 1×10(-57)). Replication testing in an independent set of 9,456 European-ancestry individuals showed strong evidence of association in all 23 loci in meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts. Our findings include previously identified loci (HBS1L/MYB, HFE, TMPRSS6, TFR2, SPTA1) and novel associations (EPO, TFRC, SH2B3, and 15 other loci). This study has identified novel determinants of erythrocyte traits, offering insight into common variants underlying variation in erythrocyte measures