A importância do futebol em atividades extensionistas

Este presente artigo é um relato de experiência de acadêmicos da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), baseado em vivências no Centro Regional de Formação em Futebol (CERFUT), com o objetivo de fazer um apanhado teórico-conceitual e prático, sobre a importância da maximização de atividades extensionistas que almejam a interação entre conhecimento científico e intervenções práticas e que tenham como visão a formação integral de jovens jogadores de futebol e profissionais de Educação Física

The influence of the opponent's quality on team offensive efficacy in youth football: an observational stud an observational study with sequential analysis

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la influencia de la calidad del oponente en la eficacia ofensiva de un equipo de fútbol Juvenil de Brasil. Se analizaron 1.304 secuencias ofensivas, extraído de 17 partidos de este equipo en el Campeonato Sub-17 de Paraná, 2019. Las secuencias ofensivas se dividieron según la calidad del oponente ("alta calidad", "calidad intermedia" y "baja calidad"). Los patrones ofensivos del equipo se analizaron a través del análisis secuencial de retardos. Por lo tanto, se utilizaron los softwares SoccerEye y SDIS-GSEQ (p≤.05; z≥1.96). Los patrones ofensivos con eficacia ocurrieron principalmente a partir de recuperaciones directas de balón (lag -5: z=3.13; lag -3: z=2.93), con progresión a través de conducción (lag -4: z=2.85; lag -3: z=2.40; lag -2: z=2.64) y gambeta (lag -5: 2.62; lag -2: z=2.51; lag -1: z=2.13; 1.97), jugando entre líneas contra la última línea de defensores del oponente (lag -1: z=3.42; 2.72; 2.05; lag 0: z=4.65; 5.06; 3.15; 3.02) o realizando desmarques de ruptura para el espacio vacío entre el portero y la última línea de defensa (lag -4: z=3.11; lag -1: z=3.48; lag 0: z=4.13; 7.80). La igualdad numérica presionada en el centro de juego en las zonas defensivas estimuló la pérdida de posesión (lag -2: z= 2.06; lag -1: z=3.01; lag 0: z=3.41; 1.96), demostrando la importancia de la relación numérica y espacial para la efectividad de las acciones. La calidad del oponente generó algunas oscilaciones en los patrones, sin embargo, en la mayoría de los patrones este equipo mantuvo comportamientos similares. Teniendo en cuenta este equipo juvenil, se sugiere que se aliente a los jugadores, independientemente de la calidad del oponente, a avanzar rápidamente desde el campo defensivo; dominar los espacios entre líneas; realizar gambeta, conducción y desmarques de ruptura hacia el espacio entre el portero y la última línea defensiva del adversario; además de presionar al oponente en su propio campo.Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the opponent’s quality on teams’ offensive efficacy of a Brazilian youth football team. The sample comprised 1.304 offensive sequences, from a U-17 team of the Paraná championship. The offensive sequences were divided according to the opponent’s quality (“high quality”, “intermediate quality” and “low quality”). Team’s offensive patterns were analysed through Lag Sequential Analysis. Thus, SoccerEye and SDIS-GSEQ software’s were used (p≤.05; z≥1.96). Offensive patterns with efficacy occurred mainly from directly ball recoveries (lag -5: z=3.13; lag -3: z=2.93), with progression through ball conduction (lag -4: z=2.85; lag -3: z=2.40; lag -2: z=2.64) and dribble (lag -5: 2.62; lag -2: z=2.51; lag -1: z=2.13; 1.97), playing between the lines against the opponent's last defenders’ line (lag -1: z=3.42; 2.72; 2.05; lag 0: z=4.65; 5.06; 3.15; 3.02) or performing rupture unmarks for the empty space between the goalkeeper and the last defensive line (lag -4: z=3.11; lag -1: z=3.48; lag 0: z=4.13; 7.80). Pressed numerical equality in game centre at defensive zones stimulated the possession loss (lag -2: z= 2.06; lag -1: z=3.01; lag 0: z=3.41; 1.96), demonstrating the importance of the numerical and spatial relationship for the effectiveness of actions. The opponent’s quality generated some oscillations in the patterns, nonetheless, in most patterns this team maintained similar behaviours. Considering this youth team, it is suggested that players be encouraged, regardless of the opponent's quality, to advance quickly from the defensive field; dominates the spaces between the lines; perform dribble, ball conduction and rupture unmarks towards the space between the goalkeeper and the opponent's last defensive line; in addition to pressing the opponent into their own field

Comparison of tactical principles efficiency among soccer players from different game positions

Purpose. The aim of the study was to analyse the execution efficiency of core tactical principles in young soccer players and compare them among different game positions. Methods. The sample included 54 Brazilian young soccer players. Tactical performance was measured by the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer with the GR3-3GR test in 3770 tactical actions. Friedman followed by Wilcoxon tests were used to analyse differences between tactical principles. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare tactical efficiency between defenders, midfielders, and forwards (p < 0.05). Results. Offensively, the results indicated that young players demonstrated less efficiency in executing the principle ‘depth mobility’ compared with ‘penetration,’ ‘offensive coverage,’ ‘width and length,’ and ‘offensive unity.’ Regarding the defensive aspects, ‘concentration’ was performed more efficiently than other principles. Comparisons between positions proved that midfielders and forwards executed ‘offensive unity’ more efficiently than defenders. Defenders tended to present high ‘defensive coverage’ efficiency when compared with ‘midfielders.’ Conclusions. High efficiency in the execution of ‘concentration’ represents an obstacle to make deep passes and hinders offensive movements between the last defender line and goal, given low efficiency of ‘depth mobility.’ Midfielders and forwards performed ‘offensive unity’ more efficiently than defenders. As for defensive principles, defenders presented better performance in ‘defensive coverage,’ giving support to the first defender. In practical applications, it is suggested that coaches of young regional soccer players carry out activities which allow depth passes to teammates as well as games to promote ‘offensive unity’ for defenders and ‘defensive coverage’ for midfielders

Quais características diferenciam a vitória, empate e derrota em jogos reduzidos de futebol?: Uma análise multidimensional a partir das respostas de jovens atletas

The present study aimed to analyze the physiological, physical, technical, and tactical responses of young soccer playersaccording to the result in small-sided games. The sample consisted of 39 players (15.9 ± 1.0 years of age) grouped by the outcome of thegames, winning (17), drawing (6), and losing (16). Physical and physiological responses were quantified using a portable GPS and acardiac monitor. The rating of perceived exertion was measured using the BORG 6-20 scale. Technical-tactical responses were assessedaccording to the frequency and quality of execution of technical skills and core tactical principles. Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, MannWhitney U and Multinomial Logistic Regression tests were used in the analysis. Significance was set at 5%. Players in the groupswinning and drawing covered greater distances in low-intensity running and shorter distances in walking. The drawing group executedmore passes than the losing group (14.0 vs 10.0). The winning group showed greater efficiency of execution in three offensive and threedefensive principles compared to the losing group. It was found that the increase in the efficiency of execution of offensive and defensiveprinciples increases the chances of the players being in drawing (11 to 24%) or winning (10% to 21%) groups in relation to losing. It isconcluded that the physical, technical, and tactical responses influence competitive success, and the increase in tactical efficiency resultsin more chances to achieve winning or drawingO presente estudo objetivou analisar as respostas fisiológicas, físicas, técnicas e táticas de jovens futebolistas em função doresultado em jogos reduzidos. A amostra foi constituída por 39 jogadores (idade 15,9 ± 1,0 anos) agrupados pelo desfecho dos jogos,vitória (17), empate (6) e derrota (16). As respostas físicas e fisiológicas foram quantificadas por meio da utilização de um GPS portátile um monitor cardíaco. A percepção subjetiva de esforço foi medida utilizando a escala de BORG 6-20. As respostas técnico-táticas foramavaliadas conforme a frequência e qualidade de execução de habilidades técnicas e princípios táticos fundamentais. Na análise foramempregados os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, U de Mann Whitney e a Regressão Logística Multinomial. A significância foiestabelecida em 5%. Jogadores que conquistaram a vitória ou o empate percorreram maiores distâncias em corrida de baixa-intensidadee menores distâncias em caminhada. O grupo empate realizou mais passes do que o grupo derrota (14,0 vs 10,0). O grupo vencedorapresentou maior eficiência de execução em três princípios ofensivos e três princípios defensivos em comparação com o grupo perdedor.Verificou-se que o aumento na eficiência de execução de princípios ofensivos e defensivos aumenta as chances de os jogadores estarem nosgrupos empate (11 a 24%) ou vitória (10% a 21%) com relação a derrota. Conclui-se que as características físicas, técnicas e táticas sãofatores que exercem influência sobre o êxito competitivo, sendo que o aumento na eficiência tática resulta em mais chances para conquistada vitória ou empate.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las respuestas fisiológicas, físicas, técnicas y tácticas de los futbolistas jóvenes dependiendo del resultado en juegos reducidos. La muestra consistió en 39 jugadores (edad 15.9 ± 1.0 años) agrupados por el resultado de los juegos, victoria (17), empate (6) y derrota (16). Las respuestas físicas y fisiológicas se cuantificaron utilizando un GPS portátil y un monitor cardíaco. La percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo se midió utilizando la escala BORG 6-20. Las respuestas técnicotácticas se evaluaron de acuerdo con la frecuencia y calidad de ejecución de las habilidades técnicas y los principios tácticos fundamentales. Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann Whitney U y pruebas de regresión logística multinomial se utilizaron en el análisis. La significancia se estableció en 5%. Los jugadores que han ganado la victoria o el empate han cubierto distancias más grandes en carreras de baja intensidad y distancias más cortas al caminar. El grupo de empate hizo más pases que el grupo de derrota (14.0 vs 10.0). El grupo victoria mostró una mayor eficiencia de ejecución en tres principios ofensivos y tres defensivos en comparación con el grupo derrota. Se encontró que el aumento en la eficiencia de la ejecución de los principios ofensivos y defensivos aumenta las posibilidades de que los jugadores estén en el grupo empate (11 a 24%) o victoria (10% a 21%) en relación con la derrota. Se concluye que las respuestas físicas, técnicas y tácticas influye en el éxito competitivo, y el aumento de la eficiencia táctica da como resultado más posibilidades de lograr la victoria o el empate

Scoping review of tests to assess tactical knowledge and tactical performance of young soccer players

This scoping review aimed to systematically map studies/tests for assessing the tactical domain of young soccer players. The study followed the PRISMA-ScR and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The databases searched were Scopus, SPORTDiscus, SciELO, LILACS, and BDTD. The eligibility criteria were defined based on the elements of population, context, and concept, without restrictions on the period, language, and type of publication. Twenty-four papers were included, from 1997 to 2020, totalling 29 tests/instruments for the assessment of the tactical domain, with the majority of studies having an European sample. Twelve terms were used to nominate the tactical component, regardless of the assessment method and approach. Six tests met eight or nine criteria in the critical appraisal: TCTOF, TACSIS Spanish version, Semi-Structured Interview, TCTP-OE, GPET, and FUTSAT. Thus, it is concluded that studies and tests for the assessment of the tactical domain of young soccer players are recent and mainly European; there is no consensus about the adopted terminology; and few tests met the majority of the quality criteria. Therefore, we suggest: a) the construction/adaptation of tests with samples from other continents; b) the use of the proposed criteria; and c) that the terms tactical knowledge and tactical performance are adopted

Maturity-associated variation in the body size, physical fitness, technical efficiency, and network-based centrality measures in young soccer players

Abstract This study aimed to observe the relationships between the maturity status on the network-based centrality measures of young athletes in small-sided soccer games (SSG). The study included 81 male players (14.4 ± 1.1 years). Measurements included height, sitting height, body mass, and bone age (TW3 method). The applied protocols were the following: Countermovement Jump (CMJ), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1), Repeated Sprints Ability (RSA), observational analysis of techniques, and interactions performed by players in SSG. The relationship between the set of evaluated variables within each maturity status was obtained from the correlational analysis of networks (P  0.05). For the late maturity group, there was a correlation between the degree of centrality and physical growth indicators (rmean = 0.88). For players with maturation “on time”, physical growth indicators relate to the degree of prestige (rmean = 0.36). It is concluded that body size and bone age impact how late and on-time maturity groups interact within the match

Impacto do tamanho corporal, da idade relativa e do índice de desenvolvimento humano sobre a participação de futebolistas brasileiros na Liga dos Campeões da UEFA

The present study investigated the effects of body size, relative age (RA), and human development index (HDI) on theprofessional rise of Brazilian soccer players playing in Europe. The sample consisted of 309 Brazilian players in the top 10 Europeanleagues, according to the ranking of UEFA club coefficients. The data were collected on the official websites of the clubs, and professionaladvancement was classified according to the level of participation in the European championships. Spearman’s Correlation and MultinomialLogistic Regression tests (p d» 0.05) were applied. Players born in the 2nd quarter of the year, as well as those born in the 3rd quarter,have the chance to play the Champions League, compared to the Europa League, increased by 84% and 67%, respectively, compared tothose born in the 4th quarter (p = 0.01). In addition, it was identified that for every 1 cm of height, the chances of the player acting in alower level team increased by 7% (p = 0.03). It is concluded that the RA and body size influence the professional rise of Brazilian soccerplayers working in Europe, while the HDI of the place of birth has limited impact on the level of competition disputed by these players.O presente estudo investigou os efeitos do tamanho corporal, da idade relativa (IR) e do índice de desenvolvimento humano(IDH) sobre a ascensão profissional de futebolistas brasileiros atuando na Europa. A amostra foi constituída por 309 jogadores brasileirosatuando nas 10 principais ligas europeias, conforme ranking de coeficientes de clubes da UEFA. Os dados foram coletados nos sitesoficiais dos clubes, e a ascensão profissional foi classificada de acordo com o nível de participação nos campeonatos europeus. Foramaplicados os testes de Correlação de Spearman e a Regressão Logística Multinomial (p d» 0,05). Os jogadores nascidos no 2º trimestredo ano, bem como àqueles nascidos no 3º trimestre, têm as chances de jogar a Liga dos Campeões, comparativamente à Liga Europa,aumentadas em 84% e 67%, respectivamente, em relação aos nascidos no 4º trimestre (p = 0,01). Além disso, identificou-se que a cada1 cm de estatura, aumenta-se em 7% as chances de o jogador atuar em uma equipe de escalão inferior (p = 0,03). Conclui-se que a IR e otamanho corporal influenciam a ascensão profissional dos futebolistas brasileiros atuando na Europa, enquanto o IDH do local denascimento apresenta limitado impacto sobre o nível de competição disputada por estes jogadoresEl presente estudio investigó los efectos del tamaño corporal, la edad relativa (IR) y el índice de desarrollo humano (IDH) en el crecimiento profesional de los futbolistas brasileños que trabajan en Europa. La muestra consistió en 309 jugadores brasileños que juegan en las 10 mejores ligas europeas, según el ranking de coeficientes de clubes de la UEFA. Los datos se recopilaron en los sitios web oficiales de los clubes, y el avance profesional se clasificó según el nivel de participación en los campeonatos europeos. Se aplicaron pruebas de ANOVA unidireccional, correlación de Spearman y regresión logística multinomial (p d» 0.05). Los jugadores nacidos en el segundo trimestre del año, así como los nacidos en el tercer trimestre, tienen la oportunidad de jugar la Liga de Campeones, en comparación con la Liga de Europa, aumentó en un 84% y 67%, respectivamente, en comparación con los nacidos en el cuarto trimestre (p = 0.01). Además, se identificó que, por cada 1 cm de altura, las posibilidades de que el jugador actúe en un equipo de nivel inferior aumentaron en 7% (p = 0.03). Se concluye que el IR y el tamaño del cuerpo influyen en el ascenso profesional de los futbolistas brasileños que trabajan en Europa, mientras que el IDH del lugar de nacimiento tiene un impacto limitado en el nivel de competencia disputado por estos jugadore