Association between the ultrasonographic and clinical findings in the hips of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasonographic (US) findings in the hips of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and the association between these findings and the signs, symptoms, and activity of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present retrospective study included 92 patients with JIA. The disease subtypes, age at disease onset, length of disease progression, disease activity, and clinical manifestations of the hip pathology were assessed. US examinations were routinely performed, and the images were analysed by two ultrasonographers who were blinded to the patients' clinical conditions. RESULTS: Of the 92 patients included in the study, 69.6% were girls, and the average age was 12.4 ± 5.1 years. Thirty-three (35.9%) participants exhibited the persistent oligoarticular subtype, and 30 (32.6%) exhibited the rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative polyarticular subtype. Forty-four participants exhibited signs and/or symptoms of hip pathology. Twentynine (31.5%) participants exhibited abnormal US findings, and 34.4% exhibited subclinical synovitis. The US alterations exhibited an association with subclinical synovitis in 34.4% of the cases. The US alterations bore a correlation with the presence of hip-related signs and/ or symptoms (P = 0.021), particularly joint limitations (P = 0.006), but were not correlated with the disease activity (P = 0.948) or subtype (P = 0.108). Clinical synovitis was associated with polyarticular involvement (P = 0.002) and disease activity (P = 0.017). Subclinical synovitis was not correlated with the investigated variables. CONCLUSION: Clinical affection of the hip in JIA, particularly joint limitation, is associated with synovitis (revealed by US assessment) independently of the activity and subtype of the disease. Therefore, healthcare professionals should consider the possible occurrence of silent disease and subclinical synovitis, which might contribute to hip deterioration.OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados ultrassonográficos do quadril em pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ) e sua associação com sinais, sintomas e atividade da doença. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 92 pacientes com AIJ. Foram avaliados os subtipos da doença, a idade de início, o tempo de evolução, a atividade da doença e as manifestações clínicas do envolvimento do quadril. A avaliação ultrassonográfica foi realizada na rotina dos pacientes, e as imagens foram analisadas por dois ultrassonografistas cegos em relação às condições clínicas dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Do total de 92 pacientes, 69,6% eram meninas, com média de idade de 12,4 ± 5,1 anos. Trinta e três (35,9%) apresentaram subtipo oligoarticular persistente e trinta (32,6%) poliarticular com fator reumatoide negativo. Quarenta e quatro (47,8%) apresentaram sinal e/ou sintoma relacionado ao quadril. Vinte e nove (31,5%) apresentaram alterações ultrassonográficas, com sinovite subclínica em 34,4%. As alterações ultrassonográficas se associaram com presença de sinais e/ou sintomas do quadril (P = 0,021), especialmente limitação articular (P = 0,006), mas não com atividade (P = 0,948) ou subtipo de doença (P = 0,108). Sinovite clínica se associou com comprometimento poliarticular (P = 0,002) e atividade de doença (P = 0,017). Não houve associação entre sinovite subclínica e as variáveis estudadas. CONCLUSÃO: O acometimento clínico do quadril na AIJ, especialmente a limitação articular, está associado à sinovite na avaliação por US, independente do subtipo e da atividade da doença. Os profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos à possibilidade de doença silenciosa com sinovite subclínica, que pode contribuir para a deterioração da articulação do quadril.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PediatriaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Diagnóstico por ImagemUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PediatriaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Diagnóstico por ImagemSciEL

Adherence to treatment of children and adolescents recently diagnosed with auto-immune Rheumatic Diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives: Adherence problems have a great impact on auto-immune Rheumatic Diseases (AIRD). The COVID-19 pandemic may have worsened treatment adherence. The aims of this study were to measure treatment adherence to identify an earlier risk of poor adherence and measure families’ satisfaction with the health service during the pandemic. Methods: Prospective observational study with 50 parents/children and adolescents with recent AIRD diagnosis. Initially, they answered questions (demographic data, disease) and completed the Pediatric Rheumatology Adherence Questionnaire (PRAQ), after 6 months they completed the Morisky-Green Test (MGT), Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ), Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR-19) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Questionnaire 3.0 (PedsQlTM-SSS). The patient's medical records from the previous 12 weeks were reviewed for global and medication adherence data. Results: The mean global adherence score was 94.3 ± 10.0, for medication adherence 97.3 ± 9.3, and for PRAQ questionnaire 5.2 ± 1.5. The authors observed agreement between MGT, BMQ, CQR-19, PedsQLTM-SSS scores and medication adherence rate, but not with global adherence rate. There were no associations between demographic characteristics, disease diagnosis, and adherence. No associations between PRAQ scores and values and global/medication adherence rates were observed. No variables were shown to be predictors of good adherence. The mean PedsQLTM-SSS rate was 92.1 ± 6.8. Conclusion: The high values of MGT, BMQ, CQR-19 questionnaire scores were in agreement with the medication adherence rate. Despite the pandemic, the global and medication adherence rates were good. It was not possible to demonstrate the PRAQ's predictive power. The authors weren't able to establish an association between families’ satisfaction and treatment adherence rates

EARLY DETECTION OF POOR ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC RHEUMATIC DISEASES: PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY ADHERENCE QUESTIONNAIRE - A PILOT STUDY

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a questionnaire that allows the early detection of patients at risk for poor adherence to medical and non-medical treatment in children and adolescents with chronic rheumatic diseases. Methods: The Pediatric Rheumatology Adherence Questionnaire (PRAQ) was applied in recently diagnosed patients within a period of one to four months after confirmation of the rheumatic disease. After six months, the patients’ adherence to the medical and non-medical treatment was assessed. An internal consistency analysis was conducted to eliminate redundant questions in the PRAQ. Results: A total of 33 patients were included in the pilot study. Six months after the PRAQ had been applied, poor global adherence was observed in seven (21.2%) patients and poor adherence to medical treatment in eight (24.2%) patients. No correlation was observed between the PRAQ scores and the percentages of adherence, as well as the stratification for each index, except for a tendency to a correlation between socioeconomic index and poor adherence to medical treatment (p=0.08). A new PRAQ questionnaire with 25 of the 46 original questions was generated as a result of the reliability analysis. Conclusions: The usefulness of this questionnaire in clinical practice should be still evaluated. Due to the importance of a tool for the early detection of rheumatic patients at risk of poor adherence to treatment, the new PRAQ questionnaire should be reviewed and applied in a larger study to better define its validity and reliability

Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in clinical remission with positive power Doppler signal in joint ultrasonography have an increased rate of clinical flare: a prospective study

Abstract Background Ultrasonography (US) studies carried out on joints of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients in clinical remission demonstrate the presence of subclinical synovitis. The significance of subclinical synovitis and the positive power Doppler (PD) signal on US in JIA in clinical remission is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to assess whether the changes detected by US in patients with JIA in clinical remission can predict disease flare and to evaluate factors associated with flare and joint damage over 30 months of follow-up. Methods A prospective study was performed with clinical and ultrasound evaluation in 34 joints of JIA patients in clinical remission. Clinical evaluation including physical exam, functional capacity and inflammatory markers was performed at baseline and every six months thereafter, for a total period of 30 months. US evaluation included presence of synovitis, PD signal and erosion at baseline and every 12 months thereafter. Subclinical synovitis was defined when there was synovitis with or without positive PD signal in US joints of patients in clinical remission. Flare was defined as any joint presenting clinical arthritis requiring therapy modification. Results We evaluated a total of 35 patients, 28 (80%) girls, 14 (40%) persistent oligoarticular subtype, 12 (34.3%) oligoarticular extended and 9 (25.7%) polyarticular and 26 (74.3%) in remission on medication. Twenty (57.1%) patients flared. The risk of flare was five times higher in patients with positive PD signal and 14 times higher in patients in remission on medication. Regarding the assessment of joints after 6 months and 12 months of US evaluation, 70/3162 (2.2%) joints and 80/2108 (3.8%) joints flared, respectively. Joints with subclinical synovitis with positive PD signal flared more after 6 and 12 months. Twenty five of 2108 (1.2%) joints showed erosion over time. Joints with subclinical synovitis with or without positive PD signal showed more erosion. Conclusions Patients in remission on medication with subclinical synovitis with positive PD signal on US have a higher risk of flare, therefore they should be monitored closely during treatment. In the same way, joints with subclinical synovitis with or without positive PD signal should be monitored due to the risk of flare and joint damage

Intra-articular injection in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: factors associated with a good response

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (IIC) for treatment of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is increasingly used in Pediatric Rheumatology. Objectives: To describe the clinical course of patients undergoing IIC in our Pediatric Rheumatology Unit. Methods: Retrospective study of patients with JIA undergoing IIC from January 2008 to December 2012, with a minimum follow-up of six months after the injection. Good response to IIC was set as the presence of inactivity on the infiltrated joint by at least six months. Results: Eighty-eight patients underwent a total of 165 IICs. Of these, 75% were girls and 35.2% had persistent oligoarticular JIA. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.8 years, and when IIC was carried out, 12.2 years. Regarding patients, younger age at diagnosis (p = 0.037) and the occurrence of uveitis in the course of the disease (p = 0.015) were associated with good response to IIC. From 165 IICs, 63% had a good response and joints remained inactive for a median of 18.1 months. The type of joint injection (p = 0.001), lesser values stated in the overall visual analog scale by the physician (p = 0.015) and by parents/patient (p = 0.01) have been associated with a good response to IIC. Nine adverse events (5.4%) were observed. Conclusion: In our study, more than half of the joints showed a good response to IIC. Younger patients at diagnosis and uveitis during the course of the disease had good response to IIC. Knees, wrists and elbows were the joints that best responded to IIC. IIC proved to be a safe procedure

Intra-articular injection in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: factors associated with a good response

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (IIC) for treatment of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is increasingly used in Pediatric Rheumatology. Objectives: To describe the clinical course of patients undergoing IIC in our Pediatric Rheumatology Unit. Methods: Retrospective study of patients with JIA undergoing IIC from January 2008 to December 2012, with a minimum follow-up of six months after the injection. Good response to IIC was set as the presence of inactivity on the infiltrated joint by at least six months. Results: Eighty-eight patients underwent a total of 165 IICs. Of these, 75% were girls and 35.2% had persistent oligoarticular JIA. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.8 years, and when IIC was carried out, 12.2 years. Regarding patients, younger age at diagnosis (p = 0.037) and the occurrence of uveitis in the course of the disease (p = 0.015) were associated with good response to IIC. From 165 IICs, 63% had a good response and joints remained inactive for a median of 18.1 months. The type of joint injection (p = 0.001), lesser values stated in the overall visual analog scale by the physician (p = 0.015) and by parents/patient (p = 0.01) have been associated with a good response to IIC. Nine adverse events (5.4%) were observed. Conclusion: In our study, more than half of the joints showed a good response to IIC. Younger patients at diagnosis and uveitis during the course of the disease had good response to IIC. Knees, wrists and elbows were the joints that best responded to IIC. IIC proved to be a safe procedure