PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE SECONDARY EFFECTS OF NEONATAL HEARING SCREENING

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o impacto psicológico da triagem sistemática da surdez nos pais das crianças criadas. Informar os pais de uma surdez potencial desde os primeiros d^las de vida pode provocar uma angústia materna assim como uma desorganização das primeiras relações mae-criança. Os resultados obtidas mostram que os pais apresentam um nível alto de ansiedades porém mantendo interações de qualidade com o seu bebê.The purpose of lhe present study is to assess lhe psychological impact of neonatal hearing screening on parental altitudes. Informing lhe parents about potential deafness in lhe neonatal period can produce excessivo parental anxiety and dysfunctional parent-child interactions. The results show high levei of parental anxiety, but lhe parent-child interaction is normal

Computer-aided screening of autism spectrum disorder: Eye-tracking study using data visualization and deep learning

Background: The early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly desirable but remains a challenging task, which requires a set of cognitive tests and hours of clinical examinations. In addition, variations of such symptoms exist, which can make the identification of ASD even more difficult. Although diagnosis tests are largely developed by experts, they are still subject to human bias. In this respect, computer-assisted technologies can play a key role in supporting the screening process. Objective: This paper follows on the path of using eye tracking as an integrated part of screening assessment in ASD based on the characteristic elements of the eye gaze. This study adds to the mounting efforts in using eye tracking technology to support the process of ASD screening Methods: The proposed approach basically aims to integrate eye tracking with visualization and machine learning. A group of 59 school-aged participants took part in the study. The participants were invited to watch a set of age-appropriate photographs and videos related to social cognition. Initially, eye-tracking scanpaths were transformed into a visual representation as a set of images. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network was trained to perform the image classification task. Results: The experimental results demonstrated that the visual representation could simplify the diagnostic task and also attained high accuracy. Specifically, the convolutional neural network model could achieve a promising classification accuracy. This largely suggests that visualizations could successfully encode the information of gaze motion and its underlying dynamics. Further, we explored possible correlations between the autism severity and the dynamics of eye movement based on the maximal information coefficient. The findings primarily show that the combination of eye tracking, visualization, and machine learning have strong potential in developing an objective tool to assist in the screening of ASD. Conclusions: Broadly speaking, the approach we propose could be transferable to screening for other disorders, particularly neurodevelopmental disorders

Rigidité cognitive et retard mental (la capacité de flexibilité cognitive dans des situations propices aux persévérations)

AMIENS-BU Lettres (800212104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Impact des capacités sociocognifitives et de la compréhension des théories de l'esprit sur l'apprentissage du langage chez l'enfant sourd oraliste

L'objectif de cette étude est d'établir le lien entre le développement de la cognition sociale et celui du langage chez l'enfant sourd. Nous avons mené trois études : l'une portant sur les phases précoces de la mise en place de ce lien, les deux autres portant sur les phases plus tardives de consolidation de celui-ci. Clez les enfants agés de 15 à 40 mois, nous évaluons les capacités sociocognitives précoces lors de l'intéraction efants sours / mères entendantes, (sourires, regards et conduites d'attention conjointe), ainsi que le développement des compétences langagières. Chez les enfants de 10 ans et 7 mois, nous évaluons en parallèle le développement du langage, aussi bien dans sa composante lexicale que morphosyntaxique en production et en compréhesion, et le développement des théories de l'esprit. Les résultats font apparaître l'existence d'un lien entre les comportements produits par l'enfant lors de l'intéraction précoce et le développement de ses compétences langagières.The objective of this study is to etablish the link between the development of social cognition and the language in deaf children. We conducted three studies, one on the early phases of development of this relationship, the others on the later stages of consolidation. In children agede 15 to 40 months, we assess early social cognitive capabilities, during deaf children / hearing mothers' interaction, (simles, looks and joint attention behaviors), and the development of language skills. In 10 years old children, we evaluate in parallel language development, both te lexical componet and morphosyntactic production and comprehension, and development ot theories of mind, by testing the understanding of false beliefs in a nonverbal task. Verbal abilities are first evaluated using standardized-language-task, then using spontaneous productions. The results show the existence of a link between the behaviors produced by the cild during the early interaction and development of this language skills.AMIENS-BU Lettres (800212104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Évolution de la discrimination auditive du prématuré ayant vécu en incubateur

Evolution of auditory discrimination in prêterai infants in incubators This study analyses the development of prêter m infant's auditory discrimination during the firt six months of life. The infants were divided into two groups : one group born between 28 and 32 weeks postconceptional age and one group born between 33 and 37 weeks postconceptional age. The cardiac and behavioural responses of two group were recorded when the infants were stimulated with four auditory stimulations (female voice, maternal voice, white-noise and pink-noise). Results indicate that 2-weeks-old preterm infants are able to detect the auditory stimulation. The infants' responsivity did not differ as a function of term (28-32 weeks and 33- 37 weeks) or stimulation (social or not). However, the development of behavioral responses during the first six months showed significant differences for social and non-social stimulations. This evolution varies as a function of gestationnal age of birth.Cette étude analyse l'évolution des capacités de discrimination auditive chez des enfants prématurés. Deux groupes de sujets répartis selon leur âge gestationnel (28- 32 semaines et 33-37 semaines) ont été suivis entre la naissance et 6 mois. Les réponses cardiaques et comportementales ont été enregistrées lors de la présentation de stimuli auditifs appartenant ou non à l'environnement social des sujets. Les résultats montrent que les prématurés âgés de 2 semaines réagissent aux stimulations auditives tant au niveau cardiaque que comportemental mais que leurs réactions ne différent pas ni selon le terme des sujets (28-32 semaines et 33-37 semaines) ni selon la nature de la stimulation (sociale ou non sociale). Toutefois, l'indice de réactivité comportemental évolue différemment, au cours des six premiers mois, pour les stimulations sociales et non sociales. Cette évolution est liée à l'âge gestationnel des prématurés.Le Driant Barbara, Vandromme Luc. Évolution de la discrimination auditive du prématuré ayant vécu en incubateur. In: Enfance, n°1, 1999. Les prématurés, sous la direction de Daniel Mellier. pp. 53-66

De l'intersubjectivité à l'attachement (influence des représentations maternelles sur les interactions mère-enfant, dans le cadre du dépistage néonatal de la surdité)

Notre objectif est de proposer un modèle de développement des relations mère-enfant dans le cadre du dépistage néonatal de la surdité chez l'enfant. La relation mère-enfant est considérée à risque car le résultat du test auditif peut être très anxiogène pour la mère et entraîner une modification de ses représentations, de ses comportements et donc un dysfonctionnement des interactions entre elle et son enfant. 30 dyades mères-bébés ont été suivies pendant la première année après la naissance, chez lesquelles nous avons évalué l'anxiété et les représentations maternelles, la qualité des interactions, les capacités intersubjectives et l'attachement des bébés. Les résultats montrent que l'état psychologique maternel et les évènements inattendus concernant le statut médical de l'enfant sont des éléments désorganisateurs des représentations qui agissent sur les comportements maternels et entravent le partage émotionnel et les liens d'attachement.Our goal is to propose a development model of mother-child relationships in the context of newborns hearing screening. The mother-child relationship is considered at risk because the outcome of the hearing test can be very anxiety-producing for the mother and lead to a modification of his performances, his behavior and therefore a malfunction of the interactions between her and her child. 30 mother-infant dyads were followed during the first year after birth, in whom we assessed anxiety and maternal representations, the quality of interactions, intersubjective capacities and attachment in babies. The results show that maternal psychological status and unexpected events concerning the medical status of the child are disruptive elements of representations that act on maternal behaviors and impede the sharing of emotions and the bonds of attachment.AMIENS-BU Lettres (800212104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mise en évidence de l’attention conjointe par le eye-tracking sur stimuli statiques et dynamiques chez l’enfant avec Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA)

National audienc