Regulating for Australia's youngest workers

Child labour is a phrase associated with exploitation, poverty, insufficient education and various forms of physical abuse. These connotations do not match Australian perceptions about the employment of children and are not correlated with mainstream dialogue on teenagers in part time and casual employment. Child employment is an accepted part of Australian society, with older children making up a significant portion of the workforce. Minimum standards are increasingly regarded a critical safeguard for young Australians at work, evidenced by recent state level statutory amendment and enactment of dedicated legislation. This article makes two submissions; first, it suggests the regulation of young people's working conditions is inappropriately neglected at national level in Australia, and secondly, it proposes national standards should be set and equated with those in other developed economies, meeting international standards. The 1994 European Community Directive on the Protection of Young Workers is referred to as a suitable benchmark

Direct Stenting versus Conventional Stenting in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction—A COMPARE CRUSH Sub-Study

Background: Direct stenting (DS) compared with conventional stenting (CS) after balloon predilatation may reduce distal embolization during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), thereby improving tissue reperfusion. In contrast, DS may increase the risk of stent underexpansion and target lesion failure. Methods:In this sub-study of the randomized COMPARE CRUSH trial (NCT03296540), we reviewed the efficacy of DS versus CS in a cohort of contemporary, pretreated ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary PCI. We compared DS versus CS, assessing (1) stent diameter in the culprit lesion, (2) thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow in the infarct-related artery post-PCI and complete ST-segment resolution (STR) one-hour post-PCI, and (3) target lesion failure at one year. For proportional variables, propensity score weighting was applied to account for potential treatment selection bias. Results: This prespecified sub-study included 446 patients, of whom 189 (42%) were treated with DS. Stent diameters were comparable between groups (3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5 mm, p = 0.17). Post-PCI TIMI 3 flow and complete STR post-PCI rates were similar between groups (DS 93% vs. CS 90%, adjusted OR 1.16 [95% CI, 0.56–2.39], p = 0.69, and DS 72% vs. CS 58%, adjusted OR 1.29 [95% CI 0.77–2.16], p = 0.34, respectively). Moreover, target lesion failure rates at one year were comparable (DS 2% vs. 1%, adjusted OR 2.93 [95% CI 0.52–16.49], p = 0.22). Conclusion:In this contemporary pretreated STEMI cohort, we found no difference in early myocardial reperfusion outcomes between DS and CS. Moreover, DS seemed comparable to CS in terms of stent diameter and one-year vessel patency.</p

Guilds in the transition to modernity: the cases of Germany, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands

One important aspect of the transition to modernity is the survival of elements of the Old Regime beyond the French Revolution. It has been claimed that this can explain why in the late 19th and early 20th centuries some Western countries adopted national corporatist structures while others transformed into liberal market economies. One of those elements is the persistence or absence of guild traditions. This is usually analyzed in a national context. This paper aims to contribute to the debate by investigating the development of separate trades in Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands throughout the 19th century. We distinguish six scenarios of what might have happened to crafts and investigate how the prevalence of each of these scenarios in the three countries impacted on the emerging national political economies. By focusing on trades, rather than on the national political economy, our analysis demonstrates that in each country the formation of national political economies and citizenship rights was not the result of a national pattern of guild survival. Rather, the pattern that emerged by the end of the 19th century was determined by the balance between old and new industries, and between national and regional or local government

Employment Law: Concepts and Cases

Now in its fourth edition, Employment Law: Concepts and Cases is an introductory text for students undertaking employment law subjects as part of an arts, business, human resource management or legal studies degree. Written in clear, everyday language and easily accessible for students who may not have studied any law, this book explores core legal features of the employment relationship, focusing on the concepts and cases that explain employer and employee rights and responsibilities in Australia. It also covers key aspects of the Fair Work and uniform Work Health and Safety legislation. Important case law relevant to a study of employment law is presented simply and succinctly

Acheter une maison en France: un rêve ou un cauchemar? Les écueils à éviter

On peut dire que l’achat d’une maison en France par des Néerlandais est un phénomène très actuel. Après l’étude de toutes les informations collectées sur le sujet, on peut conclure que les Néerlandais peuvent être confrontés à des difficultés lors du processus d’achat d’une maison en France. Mais quelles sont les difficultés le plus souvent rencontrées par les Néerlandais et pour quelle raison ils les rencontrent ? La réponse à ces deux questions est le point de départ de ce mémoire

Employment dispute resolution in Western Australia, a new jurisdiction

The Employment Dispute Resolution Act 2008 (WA) creates a new dispute resolution jurisdiction for the Western Australian Industrial Relations Commission. It expands the commission's ability to resolve disputes between parties in the Western Australian workplace, introducing mediation as a method of resolution. The legislation prescribes the use of mediation where the parties consent in relation to a specific dispute, and other forms of dispute resolution including mediation where they have made a referral agreement empowering the commission to resolve particular disputes, or where a federal agreement allows the commission to conduct a dispute resolution process. Notwithstanding these broad opportunities for employment dispute resolution in Western Australia, the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) may limit the commission's ability to offer their services to all local workplace participants