Literature as a source for history The case of the Repen Ripangi (1886)

Teks sejarah berbeda dengan teks sastra. Teks sejarah menceritakan apa yang benar-benar terjadi di masa lalu sementara teks sastra tidaklah demikian. Oleh karena itu, sejarawan sering menghindari penggunaan teks sastra dalam penelitian mereka. Saya berargumen bahwa teks sastra dapat menambahkan dimensi lain pada wawasan sejarah, yang tidak ditemukan dalam dokumen sejarah. Analisis puisi Jawa berjudul Repen Ripangi dari abad kesembilan belas menunjukkan bahwa teks ini, selain memberikan laporan yang sangat menarik tentang pendamaian ideologis seorang reformis muslim, juga membuka jalan bagi penulisnya dalam menyuarakan kritiknya terhadap kekuasaan kolonial Belanda

Dharmawangśa’s heritage: On the appreciation of the Old Javanese Mahābhārata

As we all know, the Old Javanese Mahābhārata was not created from scratch by a Javanese author but was translated (in some sense) from the Sanskrit. The story of Hiḍimbī reveals an interesting difference between the Old Javanese version and the Sanskrit version of the text. In the latter2 Hiḍimbī appeals to Kuntī, Bhīma’s mother, after Bhīma keeps rejecting her. However, it is not Kuntī who gives the answer but Yudhiṣṭhira, her son: he is the one who gives permission to Hiḍimbī to take Bhīma as her husband. We should remember that Kuntī at this point in the story is a widow; her husband died a long time ago. Yudhiṣṭhira is her eldest son. In the Old Javanese version it is Kuntī herself who answers Hiḍimbī.<br />This difference between the Sanskrit Mahābhārata and the Old Javanese Mahābhārata is interesting, because it reflects a well-known difference between traditional Indian and Indonesian societies concerning the position of women. It is archetypical for the difference between the two versions of the text in general: the Old Javanese version follows the story faithfully but gives its own twist to it. This interpretation, I have to admit, is not generally accepted. The established scholarly opinion has it that the Old Javanese Mahābhārata is a shortened derivative, meaning that it copies or imitates the Sanskrit story, shortening it without adding anything new to the story

Activation of TRPC6 channels is essential for lung ischaemia–reperfusion induced oedema in mice

Lung ischaemia–reperfusion-induced oedema (LIRE) is a life-threatening condition that causes pulmonary oedema induced by endothelial dysfunction. Here we show that lungs from mice lacking nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox2y/−) or the classical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6−/−) are protected from LIR-induced oedema (LIRE). Generation of chimeric mice by bone marrow cell transplantation and endothelial-specific Nox2 deletion showed that endothelial Nox2, but not leukocytic Nox2 or TRPC6, are responsible for LIRE. Lung endothelial cells from Nox2- or TRPC6-deficient mice showed attenuated ischaemia-induced Ca2+ influx, cellular shape changes and impaired barrier function. Production of reactive oxygen species was completely abolished in Nox2y/− cells. A novel mechanistic model comprising endothelial Nox2-derived production of superoxide, activation of phospholipase C-γ, inhibition of diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase, DAG-mediated activation of TRPC6 and ensuing LIRE is supported by pharmacological and molecular evidence. This mechanism highlights novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of LIRE

American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society consensus statement on intraluminal measurement of gastrointestinal and colonic motility in clinical practice

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73395/1/j.1365-2982.2008.01230.x.pd

Bonding with a Couchsurfing Robot: The Impact of Common Locus on Human-Robot Bonding In-the-Wild

Due to an increased presence of robots in human-inhabited environments, we observe a growing body of examples in which humans show behavior that is indicative of strong social engagement towards robots that do not possess any life-like realism in appearance or behavior. In response, we focus on the under-explored concept of a common locus as a relevant driver for a robot passing a social threshold. The key principle of common locus is that sharing place and time with a robotic artifact functions as an important catalyst for a perception of shared experiences, which in turn leads to bonding. We present BlockBots, minimal cube-shaped robotic artifacts that are deployed in an unsupervised, open-ended and in-the-field experimental setting aimed to explore the relevance of this concept. Participants host the BlockBot in their domestic environment before passing it on, without necessarily knowing they are taking part in an experiment. Qualitative data suggest that participants make identity and mind attributions to the BlockBot. People that actively maintain a common locus with BlockBot by taking it with them when changing location, on trips and during outdoor activities, project more of these attributes than others

Effects of social processes in virtual reality on health behavior: comparing the effects of virtual compared to real eating companions on healthy food intake.

The recent release of affordable head-mounted displays, and the development of multi-user virtual worlds, foretell a future where part of our social interactions will be taking place in Virtual Reality (VR) environments. Social VR is still in a very early stage and little is known about the nature of social processes in VR and whether social factors in VR influence behavior similarly as in real life. For the proposed project, we will focus on eating behavior, which is a health behavior particularly sensitive to social influences. We will investigate whether social models in VR, have similar effects on eating behavior, as real-life models, and whether similar processes (e.g., imitation, social norms) underlie their influence. To this end we will conduct an experiment in which participants are either exposed to a real-life or virtual eating partner and monitor the extent to which they imitate the other person’s eating behavior. VR allows researchers to measure social processes in a tightly controlled yet realistic situation. If the proposed research confirms that similar processes underlie food intake in VR as in non-mediated settings this means that researchers can relatively easily and cheaply assess and manipulate social influences on health behaviors. The current study therefore not only adds to theory on media and eating behavior and social influences and eating behavior, it also advances methodology used in social scienc

Bonding with a Couchsurfing Robot: The Impact of Common Locus on Human-Robot Bonding In-the-Wild

Due to an increased presence of robots in human-inhabited environments, we observe a growing body of examples in which humans show behavior that is indicative of strong social engagement towards robots that do not possess any life-like realism in appearance or behavior. In response, we focus on the under-explored concept of a common locus as a relevant driver for a robot passing a social threshold. The key principle of common locus is that sharing place and time with a robotic artifact functions as an important catalyst for a perception of shared experiences, which in turn leads to bonding. We present BlockBots, minimal cube-shaped robotic artifacts that are deployed in an unsupervised, open-ended and in-the-field experimental setting aimed to explore the relevance of this concept. Participants host the BlockBot in their domestic environment before passing it on, without necessarily knowing they are taking part in an experiment. Qualitative data suggest that participants make identity and mind attributions to the BlockBot. People that actively maintain a common locus with BlockBot by taking it with them when changing location, on trips and during outdoor activities, project more of these attributes than others.Ethics & Philosophy of Technolog

Cast-OFF Trial: One Versus 4 to 5 Weeks of Plaster Cast Immobilization for Nonreduced Distal Radius Fractures: A Randomized Clinical Feasibility Trial

BACKGROUND: Distal radius fracture is a common fracture of which the incidence appears to be increasing worldwide. This pilot study investigated whether 1 week of plaster cast is feasible for nonreduced (stable fractures including nondisplaced and displaced fractures) distal radius fractures. METHODS: The study was a multicenter randomized clinical feasibility trial including patients from regional acute care providers. Patients with a nonreduced distal radius fracture were included in the study. Nonreduced fractures meant intra-articular or extra-articular fractures and including nondisplaced and minimal displaced fractures (dorsal angulation less than 5°-10°, maximum radial shortening of 2 mm, and maximum radial shift of 2 mm) not needing a reduction. Forty Patients were included and randomized. After 1 week of plaster cast, patients were randomized to 1 of the 2 treatment groups: plaster cast removed (intervention group) versus 4 to 5 weeks of plaster cast (control group). RESULTS: The analysis shows no significant differences between the 2 groups in having less pain, better function after 6 weeks, and better overall patient satisfaction. No difference was shown in secondary displacement between the 2 groups (control 1 vs intervention 0). CONCLUSION: One week of plaster cast treatment for nonreduced distal radius fracture is feasible, preferred by patients, with at least the same functional outcome and pain scores. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: According to the Oxford 2011 level of evidence, the level of evidence of this study is 2