Optimizing the total energy consumption and CO₂ emissions by distributing computational workload among worldwide dispersed data centers

Major internet service providers have built and are currently building the world's largest data centres (DCs), which has already resulted in significant global energy consumption. Energy saving measures, from chip to building level, have been introduced gradually in recent decades. However, there is further potential for savings by assessing the performance of different DCs on a wider scale and evaluating information technology (IT) workload distribution strategies among these DCs. This paper proposes a methodology to optimize the electricity consumption and CO2 emissions by distributing IT workload across multiple imaginary DCs. The DCs are modelled and controlled in a virtual test environment based on a building energy simulation (BES) tool (TRNSYS). A controller tool (Matlab) is used to support testing and tuning of the optimization algorithm. A case study, consisting of the distribution of IT workload across four different types of data centers in multiple locations with different climate conditions, is presented. The case study will illustrate.</p

Optimizing the total energy consumption and CO₂ emissions by distributing computational workload among worldwide dispersed data centers

Major internet service providers have built and are currently building the world's largest data centres (DCs), which has already resulted in significant global energy consumption. Energy saving measures, from chip to building level, have been introduced gradually in recent decades. However, there is further potential for savings by assessing the performance of different DCs on a wider scale and evaluating information technology (IT) workload distribution strategies among these DCs. This paper proposes a methodology to optimize the electricity consumption and CO2 emissions by distributing IT workload across multiple imaginary DCs. The DCs are modelled and controlled in a virtual test environment based on a building energy simulation (BES) tool (TRNSYS). A controller tool (Matlab) is used to support testing and tuning of the optimization algorithm. A case study, consisting of the distribution of IT workload across four different types of data centers in multiple locations with different climate conditions, is presented. The case study will illustrate.</p

Аналіз стійкості вибійних компоновок на проектній траєкторії

Рассмотрены основные причины, оказывающие дестабилизирующее влияние на роботу компоновок низа бурильной колонны. Проведён анализ процесса износа опорноцентрирующих элементов забойной компоновки и его влияния на изменение её конструктивных параметров. Получены графические зависимости, позволяющие оценить степень стойкости различных типов забойных компоновок на проектной траектории. Сделаны основные выводы, касающиеся поведения различных типов компоновок при воздействии на них дестабилизирующих факторовThe basic reasons, causing destabilizing influence on the work of drilling string assembly are reviewed. The analysis of wear out process of strong centralizing elements bottom drilling string assembly and its influence to change of its constructive properties is done. The graphic dependences, giving an opportunity to value the stage of firmness of different types of bottom drilling string assemblies on projected trajectory are given. The conclusion about conduct of different types of drilling string assemblies during influence on it destabilizing factors is draw

Performance related factors are the main determinants of the von Willebrand factor response to exhaustive physical exercise

Background: Physical stress triggers the endothelium to release von Willebrand Factor (VWF) from the Weibel Palade bodies. Since VWF is a risk factor for arterial thrombosis, it is of great interest to discover determinants of VWF response to physical stress. We aimed to determine the main mediators of the VWF increase by exhaustive physical exercise. Methods: 105 healthy individuals (18-35 years) were included in this study. Each participant performed an incremental exhaustive exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Respiratory gas exchange measurements were obtained while cardiac function was continuously monitored. Blood was collected at baseline and directly after exhaustion. VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) levels, VWF collagen binding (VWF:CB) levels, ADAMTS13 activity and common variations in Syntaxin Binding Protein-5 (STXBP5, rs1039084 and rs9399599), Syntaxin-2 (STX2, rs7978987) and VWF (promoter, rs7965413) were determined. Results: The median VWF:Ag level at baseline was 0.94 IU/mL [IQR 0.8-1.1] and increased with 47% [IQR 25-73] after exhaustive exercise to a median maximum VWF:Ag of 1.38 IU/mL [IQR 1.1-1.8] (p<0.0001). VWF:CB levels and ADAMTS13 activity both also increased after exhaustive exercise (median increase 43% and 12%, both p<0.0001). The strongest determinants of the VWF:Ag level increase are performance related (p<0.0001). We observed a gender difference in VWF:Ag response to exercise (females 1.2 IU/mL; males 1.7 IU/mL, p = 0.001), which was associated by a difference in performance. Genetic variations in STXBP5, STX2 and the VWF promoter were not associated with VWF:Ag levels at baseline nor with the VWF:Ag increase. Conclusions: VWF:Ag levels strongly increase upon exhaustive exercise and this increase is strongly determined by physical fitness level and the intensity of the exercise, while there is no clear effect of genetic variation in STXBP5, STX2 and the VWF promoter

バレイショ近縁種における種の分化 XIII. S.acaule X S.demissumより得た7倍雑種の染色体行動と両親ゲノムの類縁関係

中央アンデス産Acaulia群4倍種S. acaule (acl, 2n=48)とメキシコ産Demissa群6倍種S. demissum (dms, 2n=72)のゲノムの類縁関係を明らかにするために, 前者を母本として得た7倍雑種(2n=84)の還元分裂における染色体行動と稔性を調べた。以下その結果を要約する。両種間の交雑は極めて困難で, aclを母とした時のみ受粉花数当り0.02の低率で雑種が得られたにすぎない。得られた雑種は, 両親との形態的比較から, aclの非還元性卵とdmsの還元性花粉の受精に起因するものと推定された。この雑種の第1中期における染色体対合行動は甚だしく多様であったが, その対合型のモードは(12)_+(20)_+8_I, その平均対合頻度は(0.18)_V+(1.11)_+(11.73)_+(18.11)_+(7.26)_Iで, 著しく高頻度の3価形成を示す点が特徴的であった。このような対合行動はその後の染色体行動にも反映し, 第1後期では観察細胞のすべてに平均4.8の遅滞染色体がみられ, 第2中期では94%の細胞が分散染色体を示し, 数的平衡核板頻度は0.6%にすぎなかった。稔性は極めて低く, 調査花粉粒数の27%が一見正常であったが, 自殖及び戻交配のいずれにおいても全く種子を生じなかった。上記の観察結果, 特に高頻度で出現した3価染色体の成因を考察して次の知見を得た。すでにaclはAAA^aA^a, dmsはA^dA^dC_1C_1C_2C_2のゲノム型をもつことが知られているので, 当雑種のゲノム型はAAA^aA^aA^dC_1C_2となる。A^dゲノムは若干の構造的差異はもつもののAゲノム群に属することも知られている。したがって, 当雑種にみられる3価形成は, 主に, aclからのAAとdmsからのA^dの3ゲノム間の染色体対合に由来すると推論でき, 両種はこれらのゲノムの相同性によって相互に関係づけられているものと考えられる。 / Meiotic behavior and fertility were studied in a heptaploid F_1 hybrid (2n=84) obtained from crossing S. acaule (acl, 2n=48) with S. demissum (dms, 2n=72), with the aim of assessing a genomic relationship between the parent species. Crossability between the two species was very low, the number of hybrid plants per pollination being only 0.02. Morphological evidence indicated that the hybrid arose through the union of an unreduced egg of acl and a reduced pollen grain of dms. The hybrid had the mean pairing frequency of (0.18)_V+(1.11)_+(11.73)_+(18.11)_+(7.26)_I per cell at metaphase I, with (12)_+(20)_+8_I as the modal configuration. Its subsequent behaviors were extremely irregular, showing several laggards in all the cells and chromatid bridges in occasional cells at anaphase I and also scattered chromosomes in 94% of the cells at metaphase II. The hybrid gave only 27% stainable pollen and no seed either on selfing or on backcrossing with both parents. The pattern of chromosome pairing found in the hybrid was interpreted in terms of genomic relationship between both parent species. From this, it was suggested that one (A) of the two genomes (designated AA^a) which acl possess in its gametes seems to be closely similar to, but not identical with, one (A^d) of the three genomes (A^dC_1C_2) which dms possess in its gemetes

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Optimizing the total energy consumption and CO2 emissions by distributing computational workload among worldwide dispersed data centers

Major internet service providers have built and are currently building the world's largest data centres (DCs), which has already resulted in significant global energy consumption. Energy saving measures, from chip to building level, have been introduced gradually in recent decades. However, there is further potential for savings by assessing the performance of different DCs on a wider scale and evaluating information technology (IT) workload distribution strategies among these DCs. This paper proposes a methodology to optimize the electricity consumption and CO2 emissions by distributing IT workload across multiple imaginary DCs. The DCs are modelled and controlled in a virtual test environment based on a building energy simulation (BES) tool (TRNSYS). A controller tool (Matlab) is used to support testing and tuning of the optimization algorithm. A case study, consisting of the distribution of IT workload across four different types of data centers in multiple locations with different climate conditions, is presented. The case study will illustrate

Selective Oxyfunctionalisation Reactions Driven by Sulfite Oxidase-Catalysed In Situ Generation of H2O2

H2O2 can be accepted by several peroxygenases as a clean oxidant, able to supply both the necessary electrons and oxygen atom at the same time. The biocatalysts, in turn, are able to catalyse an array of interesting oxygen insertion reactions at enantio- and regio-selectivities hard to attain with classical chemical methods. The sensitivity of most peroxygenases towards H2O2, however, requires this oxidant to be generated in situ. Here, we suggest the application of (modified) sulfite oxidases to couple the oxidation of sulfites to the reduction of oxygen. This enables us to use calcium sulfite, an industrial waste product from scrubbing flue gases, as an electron donor to reduce oxygen. This will supply the required peroxide in a controlled manner and enables us to perform these challenging reactions at the expense of simple salts