16,481 research outputs found
Highly efficient room temperature spin injection in a metal-insulator-semiconductor light emitting diode
We demonstrate highly efficient spin injection at low and room temperature in
an AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor heterostructure from a CoFe/AlOx tunnel spin
injector. We use a double-step oxide deposition for the fabrication of a
pinhole-free AlOx tunnel barrier. The measurements of the circular polarization
of the electroluminescence in the Oblique Hanle Effect geometry reveal injected
spin polarizations of at least 24% at 80K and 12% at room temperature
Electrical Spin Injection in a Ferromagnetic / Tunnel Barrier/ Semiconductor Heterostructure
We demonstrate experimentally the electrical ballistic electron spin
injection from a ferromagnetic metal / tunnel barrier contact into a
semiconductor III-V heterostructure. We introduce the Oblique Hanle Effect
technique for reliable optical measurement of the degree of injected spin
polarization. In a CoFe / Al2O3 / GaAs / (Al,Ga)As heterostructure we observed
injected spin polarization in excess of 8 % at 80K.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Towards a FISH-based karyotype of Rosa L. (Rosaceae)
The genus Rosa Linnaeus, 1753 has important economic value in ornamental sector and many breeding activities are going on supported by molecular studies. However, the cytogenetic studies of rose specks are scarce and mainly focused on chromosome counting and chromosome morphology-based karyotyping. Due to the small size of the chromosomes and a high frequency of polyploidy in the genus, karyotyping is very challenging for rose species and requires FISH-based cytogenetic markers to be applied. Therefore, in this work the aim is to establish a FISH-based karyotype for Rosa wichurana (Crepin, 1888), a rose species with several benefits for advanced molecular cytogenetic studies of genus Rosa (Kirov et al. 2015a). It is shown that FISH signals from 5S, 45S and an Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeat are distributed on five (1, 2, 4, 5 and 7) of seven chromosome pairs. In addition, it is demonstrated that the interstitial telomeric repeat sequences (ITR) are located in the centromeric regions of four chromosome pairs. Using low hybridization stringency for ITR visualization, we showed that the number of ITR signals increases four times (1-4 signals). This study is the first to propose a FISH-based R. wichurana katyotype for the reliable identification of chromosomes. The possible origin of R wichurana ITR loci is discussed
Cerebellar dysfunction in rodent models with dystonia, tremor, and ataxia
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary co- or over-contractions of the muscles, which results in abnormal postures and movements. These symptoms arise from the pathophysiology of a brain-wide dystonia network. There is mounting evidence suggesting that the cerebellum is a central node in this network. For example, manipulations that target the cerebellum cause dystonic symptoms in mice, and cerebellar neuromodulation reduces these symptoms. Although numerous findings provide insight into dystonia pathophysiology, they also raise further questions. Namely, how does cerebellar pathophysiology cause the diverse motor abnormalities in dystonia, tremor, and ataxia? Here, we describe recent work in rodents showing that distinct cerebellar circuit abnormalities could define different disorders and we discuss potential mechanisms that determine the behavioral presentation of cerebellar diseases
Quantized spin wave modes in magnetic tunnel junction nanopillars
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the magnetic field
dependence of the mode frequency of thermally excited spin waves in rectangular
shaped nanopillars of lateral sizes 60x100, 75x150, and 105x190 nm2, patterned
from MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions. The spin wave frequencies were
measured using spectrally resolved electrical noise measurements. In all
spectra, several independent quantized spin wave modes have been observed and
could be identified as eigenexcitations of the free layer and of the synthetic
antiferromagnet of the junction. Using a theoretical approach based on the
diagonalization of the dynamical matrix of a system of three coupled, spatially
confined magnetic layers, we have modeled the spectra for the smallest pillar
and have extracted its material parameters. The magnetization and exchange
stiffness constant of the CoFeB free layer are thereby found to be
substantially reduced compared to the corresponding thin film values. Moreover,
we could infer that the pinning of the magnetization at the lateral boundaries
must be weak. Finally, the interlayer dipolar coupling between the free layer
and the synthetic antiferromagnet causes mode anticrossings with gap openings
up to 2 GHz. At low fields and in the larger pillars, there is clear evidence
for strong non-uniformities of the layer magnetizations. In particular, at zero
field the lowest mode is not the fundamental mode, but a mode most likely
localized near the layer edges.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, (re)submitted to PR
Multi-surrogate Assisted Efficient Global Optimization for Discrete Problems
Decades of progress in simulation-based surrogate-assisted optimization and
unprecedented growth in computational power have enabled researchers and
practitioners to optimize previously intractable complex engineering problems.
This paper investigates the possible benefit of a concurrent utilization of
multiple simulation-based surrogate models to solve complex discrete
optimization problems. To fulfill this, the so-called Self-Adaptive
Multi-surrogate Assisted Efficient Global Optimization algorithm (SAMA-DiEGO),
which features a two-stage online model management strategy, is proposed and
further benchmarked on fifteen binary-encoded combinatorial and fifteen ordinal
problems against several state-of-the-art non-surrogate or single surrogate
assisted optimization algorithms. Our findings indicate that SAMA-DiEGO can
rapidly converge to better solutions on a majority of the test problems, which
shows the feasibility and advantage of using multiple surrogate models in
optimizing discrete problems
Thermomagnetic history effects in SmMnGe
The intermetallic compound SmMnGe, displaying multiple magnetic phase
transitions, is being investigated in detail for its magnetization behavior
near the 145 K first order ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition
occuring on cooling, in particular for thermomagnetic history effects in the
magnetization data. The most unusual finding is that the thermomagnetic
irreversibility, [= M(T)-M(T)] at 135 K is higher in
intermediate magnetic field strengths. By studying the response of the sample
(i.e., thermomagnetic irreversibility and thermal hysteresis) to different
histories of application of magnetic field and temperature, we demonstrate how
the supercooling and superheating of the metastable magnetic phases across the
first order transition at 145 K contribute to overall thermomagnetic
irreversibility.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Physical Review
Higher order conductivity corrections to the Casimir force
The finite conductivity corrections to the Casimir force in two
configurations are calculated in the third and fourth orders in relative
penetration depth of electromagnetic zero oscillations into the metal. The
obtained analytical perturbation results are compared with recent computations.
Applications to the modern experiments are discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
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