57 research outputs found
Sleeping beauties cited in patents: is there also a dormitory of inventions?
A āSleeping Beauty in Scienceā is a
publication that goes unnoticed (āsleepsā) forĀ a long time and then, almost suddenly,
attracts a lot of attention (āis awakened by aĀ princeā). In our foregoing study we
found that roughly half of the Sleeping Beauties areĀ application-oriented and thus are
potential Sleeping Innovations. In this paper we investigate a new topic:
Sleeping Beauties that are cited in patents. In this way we explore the existence
of a dormitory of inventions. To our knowledge this is the first study of this
kind. We investigate the time lag between publication of the Sleeping Beauty
and the first citation by a patent. We find that patent citation may occur
before or after the awakening and that the depth of the sleep, i.e., citation
rate during the sleeping period, is no predictor for later scientific or
technological impact of the Sleeping Beauty. A surprising finding is that
Sleeping Beauties are significantly more cited in patents than ānormalā papers.
Inventorāauthor self-citations relations occur only in a small minority of the
Sleeping Beauties that are cited in patents, but other types of inventorāauthor
links occur more frequently. We develop an approach in different steps to
explore the cognitive environment of Sleeping Beauties cited in patents. First,
we analyze whether they deal with new topics by measuring the time-dependent
evolution in the entire scientific literature of the number of papers related
to both the precisely defined topics as well as the broader research theme of
the Sleeping Beauty during and after the sleeping time. Second, we focus on the
awakening by analyzing the first group of papers that cites the Sleeping
Beauty. Third, we create concept maps of the topic-related and the citing
papers for a time period immediately following the awakening and for the most
recent period. Finally, we make an extensive assessment of the cited and citing
relations of the Sleeping Beauty. We find that tunable co-citation analysis is
a powerful tool to discover the prince(s) and other important application-oriented
work directly related to the Sleeping Beauty, for instance papers written by
authors who cite Sleeping Beauties in both the patents of which they are the inventors,
as well as in their scientific papers.
Merit, Expertise and Measuremen
Patent Citation Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation: A Review and A New Approach to Map Technology-Relevant Research
Purpose:
First, to
review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations
to scientific literature (scientific non-patent references,SNPRs). Second, to present a novel
mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited
by and referring to the SNPRs.
Design/methodology/approach:
In the review
part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific
achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed
particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element
in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research
on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with
important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and
inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an
overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and
technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science.
In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited
and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic
coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual
environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis.
Findings:
We discuss
several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or
Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%ā4%. However, for publications based on
university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher,
around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a āsecond order SNPR approachā
enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research.
Research
limitations: The main
limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in
particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity.
Practical
implications: The proposed
mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant
papers (TRPs). In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research
groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus
the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for
technological development can be measured.
Originality/value:
The review part
examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The
mapping approach to identify a broad range of technology relevant papers is
novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.
Merit, Expertise and Measuremen
Laudation on the occasion of the presentation of the Derek de Solla Price Award 2021 to Prof. Ludo Waltman at the ISSI conference, Leuven, 2021
Merit, Expertise and Measuremen
Dormitory of Physical and Engineering Sciences: Sleeping Beauties May Be Sleeping Innovations
Merit, Expertise and Measuremen
Do younger Sleeping Beauties prefer a technological prince?
In this paper we investigate
recent Sleeping Beauties cited in patents (SB-SNPRs). We find that the
increasing trend of the relative number of SBs stopped around 1998. Moreover,
we find that the time lag between the publication year of the SB-SNPRs and their
first citation in a patent is becoming shorter in recent years. Our
observations also suggest that, on average, in the more recent years SBs are
awakened increasingly earlier by a ātechnological princeā rather than by a
āscientific princeā. These observations suggest that SBs with technological
importance are ādiscoveredā earlier in an application-oriented context. Then,
because of this earlier recognized technological relevance, papers may be cited
also earlier in a scientific context. Thus early recognized technological
relevance may āpreventā papers to become an SB. The scientific impact of
Sleeping Beauties is generally not necessarily related to the technological
importance of the SBs, as far as measured with number and impact of the citing
patents. The analysis of the occurrence of inventor-author relations as well as
the citation years of inventor-author patents suggest that the scientific
awakening of Sleeping Beauties only rarely occurs by inventor-author
self-citation.
Merit, Expertise and Measuremen
Searching for new breakthroughs in science: How effective are computerised detection algorithms?
In this study we design, develop, implement and test an analytical framework and measurement model to detect scientific discoveries with 'breakthrough' characteristics. To do so we have developed a series of computerized search algorithmsĀ that data mine large quantities of research publications. These algorithms facilitate early-stage detection of 'breakout' papersĀ thatĀ emerge as highly cited and distinctive and are considered to be potential breakthroughs. Combining computer-aided dataĀ mining with decision heuristics, enabled us to assess structural changes within citation patterns with the international scientific literature. In our case studies we applied a citationĀ impactĀ timeĀ windowĀ of 24--36 months after publication of each research paper.Ā In this paper, we report on our test results, in which five algorithms were applied to the entire Web of Science database. We analysed the citation impact patterns of all research articles from the period 1990--1994. We succeeded in detecting many papers with distinctive impact profiles (breakouts). A small subset of these breakouts is classified as 'breakthroughs': Nobel Prize research papers; papers occurring in Nature's Top-100 Most Cited Papers Ever; papers still (highly) cited by review papers or patents; or those frequently mentioned in today's social media. We also compare the outcomes of our algorithms with the results of a 'baseline' detection algorithm developed by Redner in 2005, which selects the world's most highly cited 'hot papers'.The detection rates of the algorithms vary, but overall, they present a powerful tool for tracing breakout papers in science. The wider applicability of these algorithms, across all science fields, has not yet been ascertained. Whether or not our early-stage breakout papers present a 'breakthrough' remains a matter of opinion, where input from subject experts is needed for verification and confirmation, but our detection approach certain helps to limit the search domain to trace and track important emerging topics in science.Merit, Expertise and Measuremen
Introduction to the special section devoted to the 18th International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators 'Translational Twists and Turns: Science as a Socio-Economic Endeavor'. Berlin, Germany, September 4-6 2013
Merit, Expertise and Measuremen
Urban Scaling of Cities in the Netherlands
Merit, Expertise and Measuremen
Citation analysis may severely underestimate the impact of clinical research as compared to basic research
FSW - CWTS - Ou
Towards a new crown indicator: An empirical analysis
FSW - CWTS - Ou
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