In vitro growth and content of vincristine and vinblastine of Catharanthus roseus L. hairy roots in response to precursors and elicitors

Catharanthus roseus L. is a medicinal plant that produces numerous indole terpenoid alkaloids, including vincristine and vinblastine, which are used for cancer treatment. The effect of specified precursors (L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine) and elicitors (chitosan, methyl jasmonate) on C. roseus hairy roots (CHR) growth has been examined in order to increase the content of vincristine and vinblastine. Our results showed that CHR generated by an Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain isolated in Vietnam was capable of producing both vincristine and vinblastine when subjected to precursors, but only vinblastine when exposed to elicitors. However, both precursors and elicitors were evaluated to have an effect on increasing the accumulation of TIAs in CHR. In particular, the use of elicitors required more time to find the appropriate induction conditions, while the use of precursors gave outstanding efficiency in the treatment with 1 µM phenylalanine. The greatest yields of vincristine (51.99 µg g-1 DW) and vinblastine (699.92 µg g-1 DW) were obtained in the 7th week (with 0.306 g DW biomass). This result is the first time we might boost the levels of vincristine and vinblastine in our CHR clone generated by the Vietnam strain of A. rhizogenes

Design Of Deep Learning Model Applied For Smart Parking System

This article proposes and introduces a smart parking system using RFID technology incorporating a Deep Learning model to identify license plates. It tries to simulate the ability of the brain to recognize, differ- entiate and learn patterns from data. The employed algorithms are mainly based on neural network mod- els where neurons are organized in stacked layers. The system is designed to manage incoming and outgoing vehicles by collecting and processing images and data on passenger information to update parking status with the news of empty lots. Another function of the park- ing system also designed is a fully automatic method of paying the parking fee by the user. The deep learning model for the smart parking system is implemented us- ing the Raspberry PI 3 embedded system and sensors. Experimental results with the plate identification rate in the worst condition, up to 80%, have proven the re- liability of the proposed smart parking system. In terms of quantity, the percentage of the worst plate identifi- cation down to 10% has established the stability of the proposed smart parking system

STUDIES ON FUCOIDAN AND ITS PRODUCTION FROM VIETNAMESE BROWN SEAWEEDS

Sulfated fucans are among the most widely studied of all the sulfated polysaccharides of plant origin that exhibit biological activities in mammalian systems. In this report fucoidans from some Vietnamese Sargassumspecies such as S.polycystum, S.oligocystum, S.mcclurei, S. Swartzii and denticaprum were extracted and fractionated on a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. On the basis of chemical and spectral analyses, the fucoidan fractions obtained were found to be the sulfated fucogalactans containing sulfate ester groups and uronic acid, and composed essentially of fucose and galactose, as well as a minor amount of other sugars. The polysaccharide fractions were tested for anticancer activity. The primarily obtained results showed that all fucoidan fractions isolated from S. swartziidemonstrate bioactivity effects against cancer cells, while fraction F5 with a highest sulfate content exhibits the strongest anti-invasion activity. This indicates that sulfate content plays an important role in the anticancer activity of the brown algal fucoidans. A laboratory scale pilot for fuco idan production from Vietnamese brown seaweeds has been set with a capacity of 500 g of crude fucoidan per day

STUDIES ON FUCOIDAN AND ITS PRODUCTION FROM VIETNAMESE BROWN SEAWEEDS

Sulfated fucans are among the most widely studied of all the sulfated polysaccharides of plant origin that exhibit biological activities in mammalian systems. In this report fucoidans from some Vietnamese Sargassumspecies such as S.polycystum, S.oligocystum, S.mcclurei, S. Swartzii and denticaprum were extracted and fractionated on a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. On the basis of chemical and spectral analyses, the fucoidan fractions obtained were found to be the sulfated fucogalactans containing sulfate ester groups and uronic acid, and composed essentially of fucose and galactose, as well as a minor amount of other sugars. The polysaccharide fractions were tested for anticancer activity. The primarily obtained results showed that all fucoidan fractions isolated from S. swartziidemonstrate bioactivity effects against cancer cells, while fraction F5 with a highest sulfate content exhibits the strongest anti-invasion activity. This indicates that sulfate content plays an important role in the anticancer activity of the brown algal fucoidans. A laboratory scale pilot for fuco idan production from Vietnamese brown seaweeds has been set with a capacity of 500 g of crude fucoidan per day

Sự hình thành phôi vô tính từ mô sẹo có nguồn gốc từ lớp mỏng tế bào lá cắt ngang ở sâm Việt Nam (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)

No report on plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of P. vietnamensis has been previously published. In the present study, somatic embryogenesis via callus formation from cultures of leaf transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) was investigated. α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were added separately and in combination into the culture media. Explant necrosis or low callogenesis rates were observed when 1-mm wide leaf tTCLs were cultured on media with TDZ, BA, 2,4-D or NAA. On the other hand, calli were successfully induced from the tTCL explants cultured on medium supplemented with either 2,4-D and BA or 2,4-D and TDZ. Callogenesis was observed under both light and dark conditions. The highest callogenesis rate (100%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D in combination with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ in darkness after eight weeks of culture. White calli were cut into small pieces (1.0 x 1.0 cm dimension) and placed on MS media containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and TDZ at various concentrations (0.01; 0.1; 0.2; and 0.5 mg l-1), and the best callus proliferation was recorded on medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ. Somatic embryogenesis, with a success rate of 53.3% and 35 embryos per explant, was achieved when calli were subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ.Đến nay, chưa có báo cáo nào công bố về sự tái sinh cây thông qua quá trình phát sinh phôi vô tính ở sâm Việt Nam. Trong nghiên cứu này, khả năng phát sinh phôi vô tính gián tiếp qua sự hình thành mô sẹo từ việc nuôi cấy mẫu lớp mỏng tế bào cắt ngang của lá (tTCL) ở sâm Việt Nam (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) đã được tiến hành nghiên cứu. Các chất điều hòa sinh trưởng hực vật α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) và thidiazuron (TDZ) đã được bổ sung ở dạng riêng lẻ hoặc kết hợp vào môi trường nuôi cấy. Mẫu cấy bị hoại tử hoặc tỷ lệ tạo mô sẹo thấp đã được ghi nhận khi các mẫu tTCL với độ rộng 1 mm được nuôi cấy trên môi trường có bổ sung chỉ một chất điều hòa sinh trưởng thực vật. Trong khi, việc cảm ứng hình thành mô sẹo thành công từ các mẫu được nuôi cấy trên môi trường có bổ sung 2,4-D và BA hoặc 2,4-D kết hợp với TDZ. Sự hình thành mô sẹo đã được ghi nhận cả dưới điều kiện chiếu sáng và trong điều kiện tối. Tỷ lệ hình thành mô sẹo cao nhất (100%) thu được trên môi trường Murashige và Skoog (MS) có bổ sung 1,0 mg l-1 2,4-D kết hợp với 0,1 mg l-1 TDZ trong điều kiện tối sau 8 tuần. Mô sẹo màu trắng được cắt thành những mẫu nhỏ (1,0 x 1,0 cm) và cấy lên môi trường MS có bổ sung 1,0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0,5 mg l-1 NAA và TDZ ở các nồng độ khác nhau (0,01; 0,1; 0,2 và 0,5 mg l-1) và sự tăng sinh mô sẹo tốt nhất đã được ghi nhận trên môi trường có bổ sung 1,0 mg l-1 2,4-D và 0,2 mg l-1 TDZ. Sự phát sinh phôi vô tính thành công với tỷ lệ tạo phôi 53,3% và 35 phôi/mẫu cấy đã thu được khi mô sẹo được nuôi cấy trên môi trường MS có bổ sung 1,0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0,5 mg l-1 NAA and 0,2 mg l-1 TDZ

Aetiologies of central nervous system infection in Viet Nam: a prospective provincial hospital-based descriptive surveillance study.

Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain common and life-threatening, especially in developing countries. Knowledge of the aetiological agents responsible for these infections is essential to guide empiric therapy and develop a rational public health policy. To date most data has come from patients admitted to tertiary referral hospitals in Asia and there is limited aetiological data at the provincial hospital level where most patients are seen.We conducted a prospective Provincial Hospital-based descriptive surveillance study in adults and children at thirteen hospitals in central and southern Viet Nam between August 2007-April 2010. The pathogens of CNS infection were confirmed in CSF and blood samples by using classical microbiology, molecular diagnostics and serology.We recruited 1241 patients with clinically suspected infection of the CNS. An aetiological agent was identified in 640/1241 (52%) of the patients. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in patients older than 14 years of age (147/617, 24%) and Japanese encephalitis virus in patients less than 14 years old (142/624, 23%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed in 34/617 (6%) adult patients and 11/624 (2%) paediatric patients. The acute case fatality rate (CFR) during hospital admission was 73/617 (12%) in adults and to 42/624 (7%) in children.Zoonotic bacterial and viral pathogens are the most common causes of CNS infection in adults and children in Viet Nam