74 research outputs found
The effect of discrete vs. continuous-valued ratings on reputation and ranking systems
When users rate objects, a sophisticated algorithm that takes into account
ability or reputation may produce a fairer or more accurate aggregation of
ratings than the straightforward arithmetic average. Recently a number of
authors have proposed different co-determination algorithms where estimates of
user and object reputation are refined iteratively together, permitting
accurate measures of both to be derived directly from the rating data. However,
simulations demonstrating these methods' efficacy assumed a continuum of rating
values, consistent with typical physical modelling practice, whereas in most
actual rating systems only a limited range of discrete values (such as a 5-star
system) is employed. We perform a comparative test of several co-determination
algorithms with different scales of discrete ratings and show that this
seemingly minor modification in fact has a significant impact on algorithms'
performance. Paradoxically, where rating resolution is low, increased noise in
users' ratings may even improve the overall performance of the system.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Detecting modules in dense weighted networks with the Potts method
We address the problem of multiresolution module detection in dense weighted
networks, where the modular structure is encoded in the weights rather than
topology. We discuss a weighted version of the q-state Potts method, which was
originally introduced by Reichardt and Bornholdt. This weighted method can be
directly applied to dense networks. We discuss the dependence of the resolution
of the method on its tuning parameter and network properties, using sparse and
dense weighted networks with built-in modules as example cases. Finally, we
apply the method to data on stock price correlations, and show that the
resulting modules correspond well to known structural properties of this
correlation network.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. v2: 1 figure added, 1 reference added, minor
changes. v3: 3 references added, minor change
Mass Media Influence Spreading in Social Networks with Community Structure
We study an extension of Axelrod's model for social influence, in which
cultural drift is represented as random perturbations, while mass media are
introduced by means of an external field. In this scenario, we investigate how
the modular structure of social networks affects the propagation of mass media
messages across the society. The community structure of social networks is
represented by coupled random networks, in which two random graphs are
connected by intercommunity links. Considering inhomogeneous mass media fields,
we study the conditions for successful message spreading and find a novel phase
diagram in the multidimensional parameter space. These findings show that
social modularity effects are of paramount importance in order to design
successful, cost-effective advertising campaigns.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures. To appear in JSTA
The coming decade of digital brain research: a vision for neuroscience at the intersection of technology and computing
In recent years, brain research has indisputably entered a new epoch, driven by substantial methodological advances and digitally enabled data integration and modelling at multiple scales— from molecules to the whole brain. Major advances are emerging at the intersection of neuroscience with technology and computing. This new science of the brain combines high-quality research, data integration across multiple scales, a new culture of multidisciplinary large-scale collaboration and translation into applications. As pioneered in Europe’s Human Brain Project (HBP), a systematic approach will be essential for meeting the coming decade’s pressing medical and technological challenges. The aims of this paper are to: develop a concept for the coming decade of digital brain research, discuss this new concept with the research community at large, to identify points of convergence, and derive therefrom scientific common goals; provide a scientific framework for the current and future development of EBRAINS, a research infrastructure resulting from the HBP’s work; inform and engage stakeholders, funding organisations and research institutions regarding future digital brain research; identify and address the transformational potential of comprehensive brain models for artificial intelligence, including machine learning and deep learning; outline a collaborative approach that integrates reflection, dialogues and societal engagement on ethical and societal opportunities and challenges as part of future neuroscience research
Contribution à l'étude électrochimique des composés iodés de contraste :application à l'analyse pharmaceutique
Doctorat en sciences pharmaceutiquesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Contribution à l'étude électrochimique des composés iodés de contraste :application à l'analyse pharmaceutique
Doctorat en sciences pharmaceutiquesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Polarographie Impulsiornelle Differentielle De Derives Triiodes De l'Acide Benzoique.
Three triiodo derivatives of benzoic acid have been separated and analyzed by differential pulse polarography in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium. The selectivity of the method, and a comparison of the resolution with conventional polarography, are pointed out. An order of reduction of the atoms is proposed. © 1975, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Role of second trials in cascades of information over networks.
Contains fulltext :
81645.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)We study the propagation of information in social networks. To do so, we focus on a cascade model where nodes are infected with probability p_{1} after their first contact with the information and with probability p_{2} at all subsequent contacts. The diffusion starts from one random node and leads to a cascade of infection. It is shown that first and subsequent trials play different roles in the propagation and that the size of the cascade depends in a nontrivial way on p_{1} , p_{2} , and on the network structure. Second trials are shown to amplify the propagation in dense parts of the network while first trials are dominant for the exploration of new parts of the network and launching new seeds of infection
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