Scenarios for the Dutch gas distribution infrastructure in 2050

In the Netherlands 98 percent of the households are connected to the gas grid. Th is grid, aging, will need investments. What are its system requirements in the future? No consensus exists on that question. Th erefore, it is diffi cult to determine what to invest in. To help solve this problem, we have developed four scenarios for the Dutch gas distribution infrastructure in 2050. A structured scenario development process was used taking a number of existing scenarios as a starting point. Th e key forces that form the basis of our scenarios are the willingness and ability to reduce green-house gases and the perceived resource scarcity. Next to these, we have included forces that shape the scenarios, namely projected energy demand, available sources of supply, technological developments and institutional developments. Th e energy demand and the available sources of energy were quantifi ed for each scenario. We have determined what the impact will be on the geographical scope of the grid, the type and mix of gases that are transported, and the function of the distribution grid in the larger energy system. We argue that these scenarios may help in dealing with the investment dilemma. Th ey can be used to detail the possible functions of the gas distribution system in the Netherlands in 2050

Constructing medium sized efficient functional programs in Clean

Contains fulltext : 107652.pdf (author's version ) (Open Access

Ablation Test-Case Series #3. Numerical Simulation of Ablative-Material Response: Code and Model Comparisons

The test-case series #3 will be a further extension of the tests defined within the framework of the NASA ablation modelling workshops. In order to reduce the amount of work, all tests within test-case series #3, will use the TACOT material defined by Lachaud et al. The main goal of this new series, is to test the 3D modelling capabilities of the participating codes. The first 1D results were presented at the 4th Ablation workshop, and together with the results of the second test-case series, will be discussed and analyzed more thoroughly at the 5th Ablation Workshop, Feb. 28- March 1, 2012, Lexington, Kentucky

Ablation Test Case Series #2

This test-case series on the numerical simulation of the response of ablative-materials really started out of pure curiosity. Code developers and users were curious to see ”how the codes compare” and ”what is the effect of the different hypotheses in the models implemented”. The objective of these test-case series is to propose problems of increasing complexity until it is agreed that the most-elaborated well-defined problem is formulated. The first test-case was mostly a simple heat transfer problem chosen for it’s simplicity (it is summarized in section 2.1). The second test-case series goes one step further, with the objective of reaching the state-of-the-art design level. It will require the patience of the industrial participants for whom this second series will still mean ”running a basic case”, with codes that have already been tested, verified, and validated. It will also require the comprehension of the academic participants for whom it will imply implementing in their codes engineering models, with maybe no other intents than ”running the second ablation test-case series” and comparing their codes with design tools

Definition of Ablation Test-Case Series #3

The test-case series #3 will be a further extension of the tests defined within the framework of the NASA ablation modelling workshops. In order to reduce the amount of work, all tests within test-case series #3, will use the TACOT material defined by Lachaud et al. The main goal of this new series, is to test the 3D modelling capabilities of the participating codes. The first 1D results were presented at the 4th Ablation workshop, and together with the results of the second test-case series, will be discussed and analyzed more thoroughly at the 5th Ablation Workshop, Feb. 28- March 1, 2012, Lexington, Kentucky

Ablation Test-Case Series #2. Numerical Simulation of Ablative-Material Response: Code and Model Comparisons

This test-case series on the numerical simulation of the response of ablative-materials really started out of pure curiosity. Code developers and users were curious to see how the codes compare and what is the effect of the different hypotheses in the models implemented . The objective of these test-case series is to propose problems of increasing complexity until it is agreed that the most-elaborated well-defined problem is formulated. The first test-case was mostly a simple heat transfer problem chosen for it’s simplicity (it is summarized in section 2.1). The second test-case series goes one step further, with the objective of reaching the state-of-the-art design level. It will require the patience of the industrial participants for whom this second series will still mean running a basic case , with codes that have already been tested, verified, and validated. It will also require the comprehension of the academic participants for whom it will imply implementing in their codes engineering models, with maybe no other intents than running the second ablation test-case series and comparing their codes with design tools

The roots to conflicting interests among different partners in a dbfm consortium

The paper describes a theory for identifying the roots of conflicting interests in DBFM-consortia. The Theory that ha been developed analyses the possible conflicting interests based on three complementary tension fields, where for every tension field relevant aspects are defined from existing literature. By rating the individual aspects a statement can be made about the possibility that conflicting interests might occur in one of these three tension fields. Because of the fact that (some of) the aspects are controllable (like investments made, or possible future deals), the probability of conflicting interests to occur can be reduced. This should lead to more insight in the way a consortium should be managed with regard to conflicting interests. The principles described are not only applicable to DBFM-projects, but can also be used in other forms of collaboration

The roots to conflicting interests among different partners in a dbfm consortium

The paper describes a theory for identifying the roots of conflicting interests in DBFM-consortia. The Theory that ha been developed analyses the possible conflicting interests based on three complementary tension fields, where for every tension field relevant aspects are defined from existing literature. By rating the individual aspects a statement can be made about the possibility that conflicting interests might occur in one of these three tension fields. Because of the fact that (some of) the aspects are controllable (like investments made, or possible future deals), the probability of conflicting interests to occur can be reduced. This should lead to more insight in the way a consortium should be managed with regard to conflicting interests. The principles described are not only applicable to DBFM-projects, but can also be used in other forms of collaboration

Cost-effectiveness of ovarian stimulation agents for IUI in couples with unexplained subfertility

Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank M.P. Diamond, R.S. Legro, K. Peeraer, M. Erdem, T. Dankert, and R. Ecochard, on behalf of the IUI IPDMA collaboration, for providing data from their RCTs for the IPDMA of which the results are used in a sensitivity analysis. Funding This work was supported by ZonMw Doelmatigheidsonderzoek, grant 80-85200-98-91072. The funder had no role in the design, conduct or reporting of this work. B.W.M. is supported by a NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship (GNT1082548).Peer reviewedPublisher PD