Three reasons why parental burnout is more prevalent in individualistic countries:A 36-country study

Purpose The prevalence of parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children, varies dramatically across countries and is highest in Western countries characterized by high individualism. Method In this study, we examined the mediators of the relationship between individualism measured at the country level and parental burnout measured at the individual level in 36 countries (16,059 parents). Results The results revealed three mediating mechanisms, that is, self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, high agency and self-directed socialization goals, and low parental task sharing, by which individualism leads to an increased risk of burnout among parents. Conclusion The results confirm that the three mediators under consideration are all involved, and that mediation was higher for self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, then parental task sharing, and lastly self-directed socialization goals. The results provide some important indications of how to prevent parental burnout at the societal level in Western countrie

The meaningful participation and complex capacities of children in family law:Based on transdisciplinary perspectives and articles of the united nations convention on the rights of the child

This paper explores the connection between articles within the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the participation and capacities of children. Though discussed in an abundance of literature, this article aims to analyse conceptually articles relating to the participation of children and expand upon the concept of a child’s capacity. The specific setting of custody and access proceedings will be considered throughout. Four critical articles, 3, 5, 9 and 12, within the Convention, will be examined thoroughly which emphasise the capacities, voices, views and best interests of children. These articles will be adequately considered in order to determine how the provisions actualise the participation of children in custody and access proceedings. A conceptual analysis of the aforementioned articles will be included to discuss concepts, definitions, language and critiques

“In accordance with age and maturity”:Children’s perspectives, conceptions and insights regarding their capacities and meaningful participation

Embedded within family law proceedings and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989) there is ambiguity surrounding the terms rights, participation, best interests, and capacity. Research furthering the rights of children is necessitated across academic literature and practice. Across research, literature and practice there is an evident reliance upon age in relation to the participation of children in family law settings. There is considerably limited research regarding strong characterisations of such concepts, and significantly less literature involving the voices of children and their perspectives regarding the topic. This qualitative action research aimed to gather the perspectives of children aged 6–12 regarding concepts relating to their capacity to participate using child-friendly methods of assessment, specifically the use of play, art, and narrative activities. This research aim to explore the research questions, how do children aged 6–12 demonstrate, understand and describe participation capacities, what does capacity, rights and participation mean to them? How can children demonstrate and increase their understanding of complex concepts through the use of child-friendly methods such as narrative, play, and drawing? This research allowed children to meaningfully share their unique perspectives, educated the participants, and provided one further step in actualizing the rights of children. Further, this research has offered recommended various methodologies for future endeavours involving children’s participation

Corrigendum to:"Joint attention in the context of hearing loss. A meta-analysis and narrative synthesis":[The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, Volume 27, Issue 1, January 2022, Pages 1–15,]

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Joint attention in the context of hearing loss:A meta-analysis and narrative synthesis

Item does not contain fulltextJoint attention is important for children's language development. We report two meta-analyses that demonstrate that the congruency in hearing status between parent and child affects the establishment and maintenance of joint attention. Dyads consisting of hearing parents and children with hearing loss, achieve fewer and briefer moments of joint attention in comparison to dyads of hearing parents and hearing children and dyads of deaf parents and deaf children. The theoretical and practical implications of these differences are discussed and placed in the context of two narrative syntheses. The first one focusing on parental strategies used to achieve and maintain moments of joint attention and the second one on the relation between joint attention and spoken language proficiency. We also expect that this review may serve as the start of quest towards a more detailed description (taxonomy) and operationalization of joint attention in the context of hearing loss.15 p

Meaningful moments of interaction with people with profound intellectual disabilities:Reflections from direct support staff

Background High-quality, affective relationships are built on meaningful moments of interaction, which are challenging for support staff to establish with people with profound intellectual disabilities. Therefore, we explored what makes a moment of interaction meaningful to support staff and what circumstances facilitate meaningful moments of interaction taking place. Method Five direct support staff took part in unstructured, in-depth interviews. The interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Member checks were also conducted. Results Support staff experienced moments of interaction as meaningful because they felt a connection with a person with profound intellectual disabilities and/or they had the feeling of being meaningful for this person. Staff-related and contextual circumstances facilitating meaningful moments of interaction to take place were described. Conclusions Meaningful moments of interaction are highly valued by support staff, who believe these moments are valued by persons with profound intellectual disabilities as well. Implications for daily practice are described

The risk and protective factors of heightened prenatal anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 lockdown

While pregnant women are already at-risk for developing symptoms of anxiety and depression, this is heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared anxiety and depression symptoms, as indicators of psychological distress, before and during COVID-19, and investigated the role of partner, social network and healthcare support on COVID-19-related worries and consequently on psychological distress. A national survey, conducted during the first lockdown in The Netherlands, assessed COVID-19 experiences and psychological distress (N = 1421), whereas a comparison sample (N = 1439) was screened for psychological distress in 2017–2018. During COVID-19, the percentage of mothers scoring above the questionnaires’ clinical cut-offs doubled for depression (6% and 12%) and anxiety (24% and 52%). Women reported increased partner support during COVID-19, compared to pre-pandemic, but decreased social and healthcare support. Higher support resulted in lower COVID-19-related worries, which in turn contributed to less psychological distress. Results suggest that a global pandemic exerts a heavy toll on pregnant women’s mental health. Psychological distress was substantially higher during the pandemic than the pre-pandemic years. We identified a protective role of partner, social, and healthcare support, with important implications for the current and future crisis management. Whether increased psychological distress is transient or persistent, and whether and how it affects the future generation remains to be determined

Miedo grave al parto: Sus rasgos, evaluación, prevalencia, determinantes, consecuencia y posibles tratamientos

The review summarizes the relevant literature regarding fear of childbirth. A substantial number of (pregnant) women are more or less afraid of childbirth and a significant minority; report a severe fear of childbirth. The focus will be on definition problems, its features, prevalence, assessment methods and measurements, determinants, consequences and treatment methods. To date, there is still no consensus about the exact definition of severe fear of childbirth. However, there is agreement that women with severe fear of childbirth are concerned about the well-being of themselves and their infants, the labor process, and other personal and external conditions. In studies on prenatal anxiety and fear of childbirth, various kinds of diagnostic methods have been used in the past. Recently, there is a consensus to determine severe fear of childbirth by using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire. The aetiology of fear of childbirth is likely to be multi-factorial and may be related to more general anxiety proneness, as well as to very specific fears. Furthermore, pregnant women are influenced by the many healthcare professionals, such as midwives, nurses, gynaecologists, therapists and pregnancy counselors and the interactions with them. Trying to design a universal treatment for fear of childbirth will not likely be the ultimate solution; therefore, future research is needed into multidisciplinary treatment and predictors to establish which therapies at the individual level are most effective and appropriate.La reseña resume la literatura relevante en cuanto al miedo al parto. Un número considerable de mujeres (embarazadas) tienen cierto miedo al parto y una minoría significativa demuestra miedo grave al parto. El foco será en la definición del problema, sus rasgos, prevalencia, métodos de evaluación y mediciones, determinantes, consecuencias y métodos de tratamiento. Todavía no hay consenso sobre la definición exacta del miedo grave al parto. Sin embargo, todos están de acuerdo que las mujeres con el miedo grave al parto están preocupadas por su bienestar y por el bienestar de sus hijos, por el proceso del parto y otras condiciones personales y externas. En los estudios sobre la ansiedad prenatal y el miedo al parto, diferentes métodos de diagnóstico se usaron en el pasado. Recientemente, existe un acuerdo para determinar el miedo grave al parto usando el Cuestionario de Wijma de expectativa/experiencia de parto. La etiología del miedo al parto parece ser multifactorial y podría relacionarse con la propensión a la ansiedad más general, tanto como con algunos miedos muy específicos. Además, muchos profesionales sanitarios influyen en las mujeres embarazadas, como p. ej. comadronas, enfermeras, ginecólogos, terapeutas y consejeros prenatales. Intentar diseñar un tratamiento universal para el miedo al parto no parece ser la solución final; por lo tanto, se necesitan investigaciones futuras en el tratamiento multidisciplinario y predictores que establecerían qué terapias al nivel individual son las más eficaces y apropiadas