Origin of White and Brown Adipose Cells From Vascular Endothelium: A Dissertation

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. The current obesity epidemic is the result of surplus energy consumption. Excess energy is stored in expanding adipose tissue. Adipose tissue growth entails the enlargement of existing adipocytes, the formation of new fat cells from preexisting progenitors, and the coordinated development of supporting vasculature. Identifying adipocyte progenitors and the mechanism of adipose tissue expansion is crucial for the development of new strategies to combat obesity and its complications. Though important progress has been made towards understanding the developmental origin of adipocytes, the identities of adipocyte progenitors are still not completely known. The main objective of this study is to determine whether endothelial cells of the adipose tissue can give rise to new adipocytes. Our results indicate that murine endothelial cells of adipose tissue are pluripotent and can potentially give rise to preadipocytes. Lineage tracing experiments using the VE-Cadherin-Cre transgenic mouse reveal localization of reporter genes in endothelial cells, preadipocytes and white and brown adipocytes. Moreover, capillary sprouts from human adipose tissue, which have predominantly endothelial cell characteristics, are found to express Zfp423, a preadipocyte determination factor. In response to PPARγ activation, endothelial characteristics of sprouting cells are progressively lost, and cells form structurally and biochemically defined adipocytes. Taken together, our data support an endothelial origin of a population of adipocytes. The ability of the vascular endothelium to give rise to adipocytes may explain how angiogenesis and adipogenesis can be temporally and spatially coordinated. Analysis of BAT and WAT revealed that adipose depots have distinct compositions of adipocyte progenitors. Of the CD45-CD29+Sca1+CD24+ progenitor population, only 17% and 52% express VE-Cadherin in WAT and BAT, respectively. Our data show that the number of these specific progenitors in BAT and WAT are highly variable and suggest that a considerable number of adipocytes progenitors may have a non-endothelial cell origin. Differences in composition and types of adipocyte progenitors may explain the differences in the adipocytes phenotypes that we observe in discrete depots. In brief, we find that the vascular endothelium gives rise to a population of brown and white fat cells, and that the number of endothelial-derived adipocyte progenitors residing in BAT and WAT is highly variable. These results expand our current understanding of adipose tissue growth, and, we hope, will accelerate the development of treatments for obesity-related complications

On Some Doubly Logarithmic Integrals

There have been many works on proving the integrals in the table of integrals compiled by Gradshteyn and Ryzhik, and in this paper we prove some doubly logarithmic integral identities in the Gradshteyn and Ryzhik table

Research on calculation of grinding surface roughness

In machining processes, grinding is often chosen as the final machining method. Grinding is often chosen as the final machining method. This process has many advantages such as high precision and low surface roughness. It depends on many parameters including grinding parameters, dressing parameters and lubrication conditions. In grinding, the surface roughness of a workpiece has a significant influence on quality of the part. This paper presents a study of the grinding surface roughness predictions of workpieces. Based on the previous studies, the study built a relationship between the abrasive grain tip radius and the Standard marking systems of the grinding wheel for conventional and superabrasive grinding wheels (diamond and CBN abrasive). Based on this, the grinding surface roughness was predicted. The proposed model was verified by comparing the predicted and experimental results. Appling the research results, the surface roughness when grinding three types of steel D3, A295M and SAE 420 with Al2O3 and CBN grinding wheels were predicted. The predicted surface roughness values were close to the experimental values, the average deviation between predictive results and experimental results is 15.11 % for the use of Al2O3 grinding wheels and 24.29 % for the case of using CBN grinding wheels. The results of the comparison between the predicted model and the experiment show that the method of surface roughness presented in this study can be used to predict surface roughness in each specific case. The proposed model was verified by comparing the predicted and measured results of surface hardness. This model can be used to predict the surface hardness when surface grindin

Some Results on Zumkeller Numbers

A positive integer $n$ is said to be a Zumkeller number or an integer-perfect number if the set of its positive divisors can be partitioned into two subsets of equal sums. In this paper, we prove several results regarding Zumkeller numbers. For any positive integer $m$, we prove that there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ for which $n+1,\cdots, n+m$ are all Zumkeller numbers. Additionally, we show that every positive integer greater than $94185$ can be expressed as a sum of two Zumkeller numbers and that all sufficiently large integers can be written as a sum of a Zumkeller number and a practical number. We also show that there are infinitely many positive integers that cannot be expressed as a sum of a Zumkeller number and a square or a prime

The Impact of CSR on Brand Identification, Word of Mouth and Consumer’s Repurchase Intention in the Retailer Industry

This study explored and measured the influence of corporation social responsibility (CSR) on consumers' re-purchase intentions through the mediators of brand identification and word of mouth (WOM). The quantitative method was applied in the research, and there were 287 valid respondents who had purchased something from the retailer store brands. The collected data was checked for reliability, convergence, and discriminant validity among the constructs before testing the hypothesis and the theoretical research model. In particular, the Cronbach alpha reliability, exploring factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation model (SEM) were used to analyze the research data under the support of SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicate that CSR has significant effects on brand identification, WOM, and consumers' re-purchase intentions. Brand identification has a positive impact on consumers' repurchase intentions, whereas WOM has not. The findings have significant contributions to the marketing theory and provide management implications for managers, especially in retail store brands. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-021 Full Text: PD

The Role of Product Visual Appeal and Sale Promotion Program on Consumer Impulsive Buying Behavior

The study aims at investigating the impact on relationships among visual appeals of products, sales promotion programs, and instant gratification factors on consumers’ impulsive buying behavior. The study comprises two stages using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. In detail, qualitative research is applied in the first stage to explore the factors that might influence consumers' online impulsive buying behavior and examine the relationship among the factors. The quantitative research is conducted in Vietnam. The 362 Vietnam-collected valid questionnaires were analyzed using Cronbach alpha, exploring factor analysis (EFA), confirmed factor analysis (CFA), and structural equal model (SEM) to check the measurement values and test the proposed hypotheses. The result shows that product visual appeal and sales promotion programs have a positive impact on instant gratification factors and impulsive buying behaviors. Moreover, the research proved the direct influence of instant gratification factors on consumers’ impulsive buying behavior. The findings contribute to expanding measured values and provide several suggested solutions for the practical management of business strategy. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-021 Full Text: PD

CONNECTING MATHEMATICS AND PRACTICE: A CASE STUDY OF TEACHING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

There is a need for teaching exponential functions to show the necessity for a better match between the knowledge of exponential functions in high schools with the practical application of it in fields. In this research, a teaching process was built in association with teaching situations to show students the relationship between mathematics and real life. The research sample included 76 students in high schools in Vietnam. Additionally, two problems of compound interest and population growth were integrated and were the main research instruments. Data were collected, including student work, and they were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that students had improved their problem-solving skills and saw the relationship between mathematics and practice. Furthermore, there were some recommendations suggested for textbook authors and teachers. Article visualizations