The anionic sites at luminal surface of peritubular capillaries in rats

The anionic sites at luminal surface of peritubular capillaries in rats. Anionic sites have been demonstrated in the basement membranes of peritubular capillaries. The anionic barrier function of peritubular capillary wall has been ascribed to these sites. Fenestrated capillaries in other organs have anionic sites in the endothelial cell glycocalyx and at the luminal surface of the fenestral diaphragms. The purpose of this study was to map anionic sites at the luminal surface of peritubular capillaries and to assess whether a concentration gradient for albumin exists across the endothelium. Partial chemical characterization of these anionic sites was done by in vivo enzymatic degradation. The difference in distribution of albumin following enzyme digestion was also studied. The binding of cationized ferritin to the luminal surface indicated that the rat peritubular capillaries have anionic sites along the entire luminal surface of the endothelial cell, including the fenestral diaphragms. Partial biochemical characterization of these sites shows that the sites in the glycocalyx are mainly from neuraminic acid, while the fenestral diaphragms have mainly heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Intravascular albumin extended to the endothelial luminal plasmalemma and to the luminal surface of fenestral diaphragms. Digestion with heparitinase was associated with the leakage of albumin outside the capillary wall. These findings suggest that the anionic surface of fenestrae constitutes a charge barrier of the peritubular capillaries

Alzheimer’s detection through neuro imaging and subsequent fusion for clinical diagnosis

In recent years, vast improvement has been observed in the field of medical research. Alzheimer's is the most common cause for dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disease with no cure, and it continues to pose a threat to millions of lives worldwide. The main purpose of this study is to detect the presence of AD from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans through neuro imaging and to perform fusion process of both MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) scans of the same patient to obtain a fused image with more detailed information. Detection of AD is done by calculating the gray matter and white matter volumes of the brain and subsequently, a ratio of calculated volume is taken which helps the doctors in deciding whether the patient is affected with or without the disease. Image fusion is carried out after preliminary detection of AD for MRI scan along with PET scan. The main objective is to combine these two images into a single image which contains all the possible information together. The proposed approach yields better results with a peak signal to noise ratio of 60.6 dB, mean square error of 0.0176, entropy of 4.6 and structural similarity index of 0.8

GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN HUMAN MALE INFERTILITY: A REVIEW

As a World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, infertility is the couple's inability to conceive after 2 years of regular unprotected intercourse. Theinvestigation in male infertility is assuming greater importance because approximately half of all infertility cases caused by male factors. Althoughprevious studies suggest that many cases with male infertility have a genetic and environmental etiology to the condition, and the majority of cases areidiopathic. About 10-20% of azoospermic patients are showing the microdeletion in Y-chromosome. In this deleted region, azoospermia factor (AZF)locus which is located in the Yq11 divided into the four regions as AZFa, AZFb, AZFc, and AZFd. In each of these regions a particular testicular histologyand candidate genes have been found. The deleted in azoospermia gene family is also the most frequently deleted in AZFc region. Recently, not only Ychromosome, but X chromosome and some autosomal genes are also found in respect to male infertility. Frequent attacks on the naked mitochondrialDNA of sperm will responsible for oxidative damage or mutation to the mitochondrial genome and lead to male infertility. The introduction ofmolecular techniques, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection, genomics, proteomics, metabolamics, has provided great perception into the geneticsof infertility. Still our understanding to find a correlation between genotype and phenotype in male infertility remains limited.Keywords: Infertility, Azoospermia factor, Deleted in azoospermia, Mitochondrial DNA, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Genomics, Proteomics,Metabolamics

Seasonal variations of some metals in bivalve mollusc Sunetta scripta from the Cochin coastal waters

Bivalve mollusc Sunetla scripta is abundant in the inshore waters of Co chin and is a suitable indicator species of metal pollution. The metal load in the bivalve showed an increase during the monsoon season indicating the apparent influence of river run off and reduction in salinity in the seasonality of metal uptake. In the case of copper, the smaller individuals recorded relatively higher load than that of larger ones

Water quality and metal uptake by Cabomba caroliniana in the lower reaches of Periyar River

Zinc cadmium copper and lead concentration as well as water quality parameters from Periyar river adjoining Adayar Industrial area and the bio accumulation of these metals by the submerged aquatic plant CCabomba carolinian

Analysis of railway track deaths-an autopsy based study

Background: Railway related deaths account for approximately one percentage of all fatalities submitted to medicolegal autopsies. The study is undertaken with the aim of better understanding of railway track deaths by analyzing the demographic details of victims and other contributing factors which favours the occurrence of railway track deaths.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study of all railway track deaths brought for medicolegal autopsy at Thiruvananthapuram Medical College, Kerala, India from 1st March 2010 to 28th February 2011 was done. A total of 104 cases of railway track deaths were studied excluding cases with advanced decomposition. Clinical case records were studied in treated cases. details regarding nature dimensions and location of injury was entered in a proforma. The data were entered in MS Excel and statistical analysis was done.Results: Out of 104 cases studied 83 (79.8%) victims were male and 21 (20.2%) victims were female. The lowest and highest age of the victim involved in the study was 15 years and 90 years respectively. Elderly people with impairment of vision and hearing are most vulnerable to such accidents 12.5%. The highest frequency of incidence of railway deaths occurred while crossing the Railway track (32.7%), followed by jumping in front of the train (19.2%) and walking along the side or through track (16.3%). In 17.3% of the cases there was no exact history regarding the incident. The most common types of external injuries were lacerated wound and abrasion. In all the cases head showed lacerated wounds and the upper limbs showed abrasion.Conclusions: Present study concludes that majority of victims were males showing a female ratio 4:1, The peak incidence was noted in the 6th decade. Most of the victims were manual labourers. Travelling, moving and crossing near railway tracks in intoxicated condition is very usual practice. Survival period was found to be very less

Feature Prioritization-A Novel Method for Prioritization

One of the most important activities during features engineering is the selection and prioritization of features satisfying various explicit and implicit objectives and constraints. One of the most important steps in incremental software development is the Selection and Prioritization of features satisfying various constraints like stakeholder preference, resources, cost of development etc. As it is practically impossible to implement all the available features in the coming release there is a need to prioritize and choose only those features satisfying these technical and non-technical constraints? In addition, Stakeholder’s interest should also be considered in selecting the features that has to be included in the current version. After analyzing the different prioritization techniques, clearly understanding the drawbacks of traditional methods, the proposed algorithm for Feature prioritization can handle multiple stakeholders, feature dependency; a large feature set and provides an ordering of the generated optimum features.

A Novel Unified Power Quality Conditioning System for Power Quality Improvement and Bidirectional Power Flow Control for Windmil

Abstract: This study proposes a new approach of unified power quality conditioner which is made up of a matrix converter to mitigate the current harmonics, voltage sags and swells and control the power flow with Bi directional capability for windmill. Matrix convert mitigate the voltage sag/swell problems, resulting in an efficient solution for mitigating voltage and current related power quality problems. Thus, the proposed topology can mitiga without energy storage elements and the total harmonic distortion produced by the system also very low. Due to the bidirectional power flow capability of matrix converter the proposed unified power quality control the power flow of the windmill more over it also transfer power bi Modulation (SVM) is used to control the matrix converter. presented to validate the approach

Physico chemical parameters: Water

The measured parameters can be stored and recorded through a printer in the laboratory . The portable instruments ensure speedy, in situ and accurate measurement of different parameters of water and sediment The instruments eliminate the risk of storage , transportation and preservation of large number of samples These instruments can save the recurring expenditure needed for chemicals, costly reagents and sample containers