Efecto de la gestión hídrica y de las prácticas agronómicas aplicadas sobre el mosto y vino de la variedad verdejo

El objetivo general de este estudio, es conocer cómo afecta la gestión hídrica y prácticas agronómicas (deshojado precoz y despampanado) sobre los parámetros analíticos del mosto y vino en la variedad Verdejo, en la vendimia 2017. El ensayo experimental agronómico, forma parte de un proyecto de investigación de tres años, este es el segundo que se realiza y se ha desarrollado en un viñedo cv. Verdejo, en Medina del Campo (Valladolid), dentro de la D.O. Rueda, con la colaboración de bodegas Grupo Yllera S.L. La aplicación de riego ha afectado a la composición del mosto disminuyendo la concentración de sólidos solubles, polifenoles y color, viéndose afectada la composición del vino de forma variable. Se recomienda aplicar el deshojado precoz y el despampanado cuando la maduración se realiza bajo condiciones ambientales adversas, puesto que han aumentado todos los valores de los parámetros analíticos, tanto en mosto como en vino.Grado en Enologí

Especificación de una Ontología de Medidas para Internet

Hacer medidas de la red puede llegar ser desesperante. Existen muchos tipos distintos de medidas, programas, sistemas, bases de datos… Esto hace que la tarea de comparar los resultados de todas esas pruebas sea demasiado molesta y engorrosa. Para evitar esto, este proyecto define una ontología para uniformizar la forma en que se representan los datos que se obtienen de los distintos programas de medidas, y una plataforma para poder hacer consultas semánticas sobre todos ellos a la vez. Los resultados obtenidos se han aplicado en el proyecto Openlab del 7º programa marco de la UE. Una ontología es una forma de representar el conocimiento como una serie de conceptos, dentro de un campo concreto (en nuestro caso las medidas de la red), utilizando un vocabulario compartido para especificar los tipos, propiedades y relaciones entre estos conceptos. A efectos prácticos, la plataforma implementada integra un conjunto de bases de datos con una capa semántica por encima dando significado a todos los datos. Para hacer consultas en esta ontología, se utiliza el lenguaje SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language). Gracias a esta ontología y a ciertas herramientas, que permiten la correspondencia de cualquier base de datos relacional con la ontología, podemos tener una visión global de todas las medidas que hayamos tomado, de una manera transparente. Así, aunque cada medida puede estar almacenada en una base de datos distinta, se puede consultar con un vocabulario común y a través de una sola plataforma, llamada SPQR.Performing network metrics can be exhausting. There are several types of metrics, programs, systems, databases… That make the labor of contrasting all the results very hard. In order to avoid that, this project defines an ontology to uniform the way all this data from the different programs is represented and an unique platform to semantically query it all at once, applied in the Openlab project of the 7th UE framework. An ontology formally represents knowledge as a hierarchy of concepts within a domain, using a shared vocabulary to denote the types, properties and interrelationships of those concepts. In practical effects, the platform implemented integrate a set of databases with a semantic layer over them, giving a meaning at all the data. To query this data, we use SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language). With this ontology and some other tools, which allow the "mapping" between any relational database and our ontology, we are able to have a transparent, global view of all the data. Thus, although each measurement is in a different database, we can query it with a common vocabulary from one single platform, called SPQR

Hybridization and massive mtDNA unidirectional introgression between the closely related Neotropical toads Rhinella marina and R. schneideriinferred from mtDNA and nuclear markers

BACKGROUND: The classical perspective that interspecific hybridization in animals is rare has been changing due to a growing list of empirical examples showing the occurrence of gene flow between closely related species. Using sequence data from cyt b mitochondrial gene and three intron nuclear genes (RPL9, c-myc, and RPL3) we investigated patterns of nucleotide polymorphism and divergence between two closely related toad species R. marina and R. schneideri. By comparing levels of differentiation at nuclear and mtDNA levels we were able to describe patterns of introgression and infer the history of hybridization between these species. RESULTS: All nuclear loci are essentially concordant in revealing two well differentiated groups of haplotypes, corresponding to the morphologically-defined species R. marina and R. schneideri. Mitochondrial DNA analysis also revealed two well-differentiated groups of haplotypes but, in stark contrast with the nuclear genealogies, all R. schneideri sequences are clustered with sequences of R. marina from the right Amazon bank (RAB), while R. marina sequences from the left Amazon bank (LAB) are monophyletic. An Isolation-with-Migration (IM) analysis using nuclear data showed that R. marina and R. schneideri diverged at ≈ 1.69 Myr (early Pleistocene), while R. marina populations from LAB and RAB diverged at ≈ 0.33 Myr (middle Pleistocene). This time of divergence is not consistent with the split between LAB and RAB populations obtained with mtDNA data (≈ 1.59 Myr), which is notably similar to the estimate obtained with nuclear genes between R. marina and R. schneideri. Coalescent simulations of mtDNA phylogeny under the speciation history inferred from nuclear genes rejected the hypothesis of incomplete lineage sorting to explain the conflicting signal between mtDNA and nuclear-based phylogenies. CONCLUSIONS: The cytonuclear discordance seems to reflect the occurrence of interspecific hybridization between these two closely related toad species. Overall, our results suggest a phenomenon of extensive mtDNA unidirectional introgression from the previously occurring R. schneideri into the invading R. marina. We hypothesize that climatic-induced range shifts during the Pleistocene/Holocene may have played an important role in the observed patterns of introgression

PRIMEIRO REGISTRO DE Cymothoa sp. FABRICIUS, 1793 (ISOPODA: CYMOTHOIDAE) PARASITANDO O PEIXE DE QUATRO OLHOS, Anableps anableps (CYPRINODONTIFORMES: ANABLEPIDAE), NA COSTA NORTE BRASILEIRA

This study presents the first record of the occurrence of Cymothoa Fabricius, 1793 in northern Brazil, as well as in four-eyed fish Anableps anableps. The research was conducted in the Curuçá estuary, in northern Brazil, where 158 specimens of A. anableps were collected, with nine Cymothoa specimens being found on nine different fish. These isopods were identified by sequencing the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene. The prevalence of the parasite (4.43 %) in A. anableps was extremely low and Cymothoa sp. specimens were found primarily in the gills of the host fish.Keywords: Amazon; Isopoda; Crustaceans; Four-Eyed Fish; Anablepidae.Este estudo apresenta o primeiro registro da ocorrência de Cymothoa Fabricius, 1793 no norte do Brasil, bem como no peixe de quatro olhos Anableps anableps. A pesquisa foi realizada no estuário de Curuçá, no norte do Brasil, onde foram coletados 158 espécimes de A. anableps, com nove espécimes de Cymothoa, sendo encontrados em nove peixes diferentes. Esses isópodes foram identificados pelo sequenciamento do gene mitocondrial do citocromo oxidase I. A prevalência do parasita (4.43 %) em A. anableps foi extremamente baixa e os espécimes de Cymothoa foram encontrados principalmente nas brânquias do peixe hospedeiro.Palavras-chave: Amazônia, Isopoda, Crustáceos, Peixe com quatro olhos, Anablepidae