6 research outputs found

    Les biofilms bactériens (influence des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface sur l'adhésion et détection d'un biopolymère chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

    No full text
    Un biofilm se définit comme un groupement complexe de microorganismes attachés à une surface et contenus dans une matrice. Les biofilms bactériens sont impliqués dans de nombreuses infections humaines, des phénomènes d encrassement, de contamination etc. Une compréhension du processus de formation des biofilms permettra d empêcher sa formation sur les surfaces à risque ou au moins un meilleur contrôle de ceux-ci. Le travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse se divise en deux études distinctes en rapport avec la formation du biofilm. Le premier objectif est réalisé dans le cadre de la recherche de revêtement antifouling en milieu marin. Notre travail consiste à rechercher les paramètres influençant les premières étapes de formation du bio encrassement c'est-à-dire l adhésion des bactéries. Pour cela, nous avons récupéré des bactéries adhérentes sur une surface immergée dans l eau de mer afin de d étudier trois de leurs caractères physicochimiques de surface qui seraient impliqués dans leur adhésion. Il s agit de l hydrophobie de surface, de la charge électrostatique, et du caractère acido-basique. Bien que toutes les bactéries aient adhéré à une surface hydrophile, elles présentaient à la fois le caractère hydrophile et hydrophobe avec une prépondérance des bactéries à caractère hydrophile. Elles présentaient toutes une charge de surface négative à pH marin. La majorité d entre-elles, affichaient un caractère donneur d électron, certaines même étaient incapables d en générer. Par conséquent, d après ces résultats, il nous a semblé très difficile d expliquer l adhésion des bactéries par la combinaison de ces différentes propriétés physicochimiques. Enfin, le développement de nouvelles peintures antifouling devrait prendre en considération, en plus des propriétés physicochimiques de surface, toutes les autres structures cellulaires que la bactérie utilise pour son adhésion à une surface immergée dans l eau de mer. Le deuxième objectif de cette thèse consiste à rechercher les modifications cellulaires que connaissent les bactéries qui passent d un mode de vie planctonique à un autre en biofilm. La bactérie modèle de cette recherche est la souche PAO1 de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cette recherche est basée sur l analyse, par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF, de bactéries intactes. Le résultat obtenu consiste en la découverte d un nouveau biopolymère à la surface de cette bactérie ayant une gamme de masse comprise entre 2000 et 8000 g/mol et dont le monomère se caractérise par une masse molaire de 128. Les différents tests réalisés sur ce biopolymère ont abouti à un certain nombre de propriétés qui le caractérisent. Enfin, la recherche du rôle de ce biopolymère informe sur son importance dans l élaboration de biofilm des bactéries qui le synthétisent.Biofilms can be defined as communities of micro organisms attached to a surface and embedded in a protective matrix. Bacterial biofilms are implicated in a significant amount of human infections, fouling, product contamination . A comprehension of the process of biofilm formation will make it possible to prevent its formation on different surfaces or at least a better control of it. This thesis is divided into two different subjects in connection with biofilm formation. The first goal of this research project was carried out within the framework of the development of new antifouling techniques in seawater. Our work consisted in seeking the parameters influencing the first stages of formation of the biofilm i.e. the adhesion of the bacteria. Experiences were carried out on adherent bacteria on a surface immersed in sea water. We determined three of their surface physico-chemical characters which could be implied in their adhesion. The hydrophobicity of surface, the electrostatic charge and the acid-base character. Although all the bacteria adhered to a hydrophilic surface, they presented at the same time the hydrophilic and hydrophobic character with a preponderance of the hydrophilic character. They all presented an electronegative net charge of the surface at pH of seawater. The majority presented an electron-donating character; some could not generate Lewis acid-base interactions with the support. Consequently, according to these results it seemed very difficult to us to explain the adhesion of the bacteria by the combination of these various physico-chemical properties. Lastly, the development of new antifouling paints should take into account in addition to these surface properties other cellular properties which the bacterium uses for its adhesion on an immersed surface in sea water. The second objective of this thesis is to seek the cellular modifications taking place during their transition from planctonic organisms to surface-attached community. The model bacterium of this research is the wild type PAO1 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analysis were made using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry on intact bacteria. The result obtained consists in the discovery of new a biopolymer on the surface of this bacterium having a range of mass ranging between 2000 and 8000 g/mol and whose monomer is characterized by a molecular mass of 128. The various tests applied to this biopolymer have leads to a certain number of properties which characterize it. The research of the role of this biopolymer in the formation of the biofilm informed us on its participation in adhesion of the bacteria which synthesize it.LORIENT-BU (561212106) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Development of environmentally friendly antifouling paints using biodegradable polymer and lower toxic substances

    No full text
    The development of new antifouling coatings with respect to the marine environment is actually crucial. The aim of the present work is to concept an erodible paint formulated with biodegradable polyester as binders and which combines two modes of prevention: chemical and physical repelling of biofouling. This system is principally dedicated to disturb durable settlement of microfouling. Each component was chosen according to its specific properties: chlorhexidine is a bisdiguanide antiseptic with antibacterial activity, zinc peroxide is an inorganic precursor of high instable entities which react with seawater to create hydrogen peroxide, Tween 85 is a non ionic surfactant disturbing interactions between colonizing organisms and surface. Obtained results highlighted the interest on mixing such molecules to obtain a promising coating with lower toxicity than traditional systems

    Anti-Biofilm Activity of a Hyaluronan-like Exopolysaccharide from the Marine Vibrio MO245 against Pathogenic Bacteria

    No full text
    Biofilms, responsible for many serious drawbacks in the medical and marine environment, can grow on abiotic and biotic surfaces. Commercial anti-biofilm solutions, based on the use of biocides, are available but their use increases the risk of antibiotic resistance and environmental pollution in marine industries. There is an urgent need to work on the development of ecofriendly solutions, formulated without biocidal agents, that rely on the anti-adhesive physico-chemical properties of their materials. In this context, exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are natural biopolymers with complex properties than may be used as anti-adhesive agents. This study is focused on the effect of the EPS MO245, a hyaluronic acid-like polysaccharide, on the growth, adhesion, biofilm maturation, and dispersion of two pathogenic model strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. PaO1 and Vibrio harveyi DSM19623. Our results demonstrated that MO245 may limit biofilm formation, with a biofilm inhibition between 20 and 50%, without any biocidal activity. Since EPSs have no significant impact on the bacterial motility and quorum sensing factors, our results indicate that physico-chemical interactions between the bacteria and the surfaces are modified due to the presence of an adsorbed EPS layer acting as a non-adsorbing layer
    corecore