Transmisión de la tasa de política monetaria a la tasa de interés de crédito comercial ordinario de corto plazo: Análisis de duración aplicado a Colombia

75 páginasEn este estudio, se realizó una investigación sobre el tiempo que transcurre hasta que se dé la transmisión de política monetaria-PM a las tasas de mercado, en particular, analizando escenarios de subtransmisión, transmisión completa y sobre transmisión hacia la Tasa de Crédito Comercial Ordinario-TCO de corto plazo en Colombia. Esto ya que, conforme a la teoría monetaria, el canal de crédito bancario es una herramienta amplificadora de la tasa de interés de política monetaria-TIP. Los resultados obtenidos arrojaron que la fase monetaria sí es significativa en la velocidad de la transmisión, lo que demuestra la existencia de asimetrías entre fases monetarias reiterando la hipótesis de Galindo y Steiner (2020); demostrando que la herramienta de tasa de intervención tiene mejor respuesta a la baja que al alza. Asimismo, se obtuvo que en promedio, las transmisiones duraron poco más de 4 semanas en fases expansivas, mientras que en contractivas los cambios se absorbieron 2 aproximadamente en 7 semanas. También se evidenció que para este tipo de crédito, covariables macroeconómicas como las variaciones en el PIB y covariables financieras como indicadores de liquidez, capitalización y tamaño no son significativos para la duración de la transmisión.Economía y Finanzas InternacionalesEconomista con énfasis en Finanzas Internacionale

Experience and local memory of older people in the face of disasters: a systematic review

IntroductionThe increase in population aging establishes new risk scenarios in the face of the intensification of disasters due to climate change; however, previous experiences and collective memory would generate opportunities for older people to acquire adaptive and coping capacities in the face of these events.ObjectiveTo analyze the theoretical-methodological characteristics presented by the studies carried out between the years 2012 and 2022 about the experience and collective memory of the older adult in the face of climate change.MethodA systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out following the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. The databases consulted were Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO host, and Redalyc, selecting 40 articles in Spanish, English, and Portuguese.ResultsThe importance of experience and collective memory in the face of disasters as an adaptive factor in older people was identified. In addition, sharing experiences allows them to give new meaning to what happened, emphasizing confidence in their personal resources and self-management capacity and fostering perceived empowerment.DiscussionIt is essential that in future studies the knowledge provided by the older adult can be privileged, recognizing the importance of their life histories and favoring the active role in their development and wellbeing

Size matters: Physiological sensitivity of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus to seasonal cooling and deoxygenation upwelling-driven events

Environment imposes physiological constraints which are life-stage specific as growth-maintenance and/or growth-reproduction energetic requirements are size and volume-dependent. The scallop Argopecten purpuratus, one of the most important bivalve species subjected to fishery and aquaculture along the Humboldt Current System, inhabits spaces affected by continuous changes in temperature, pH, oxygen, and food availability driven by remote and local oceanographic processes. Specifically, in Chile, this species is mainly cultured in central-north Chile where is permanently affected by upwelling events of dissimilar intensity and duration which generate local conditions of acidification, deoxygenation, and cooling with different magnitudes. However, to date, it remains unknown how this economic valuable resource is physiologically affected throughout its life cycle by the continuous environmental changes driven by upwelling events of different intensities and duration along the year. Here, for the first time, A. purpuratus life-stage physiological sensitivity was assessed at a seasonal scale through a year-field experiment where growth, calcification, and survivorship were evaluated. Our study shows how seasonal differences in the upwelling phenology (here measured as changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and primary productivity, but also as the number, duration, and intensity of cooling and de-oxygenation events) notably impacted the A. purpuratus physiological performance from juvenile to adult life-stages. This was especially noticeable during the spring season which showed the most intense cooling and deoxygenation events driven by stronger favorable-upwelling winds and the lowest growth and gross calcification rates (the highest decalcification rates) where adult stages showed the lowest performance. On the other hand, A. purpuratus survivorship was not significantly affected by upwelling intensity which would be providing evidence of the high physiological flexibility and well-locally adapted is this species to fluctuating and occasional stressful environmental conditions. Our results are significantly relevant in the climate change context as some upwelling systems are at risk to change shortly (i.e., an upwelling intensification in frequency and intensity) as a consequence of changes in the atmospheric pressures that modulate favourable-upwelling winds. These changes may certainly increase the climate related-risks of the entire socio-ecological systems related to the fishery and aquaculture of A. purpuratus along the Humboldt Current System

Protocolos estándar en resonancia magnética de las diferentes regiones del cuerpo humano y su aplicación práctica en el Hospital General del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social en el periodo de febrero a junio de 2018.

La presente investigación surge de la necesidad de conocer los protocolos estándar en resonancia magnética de las diferentes regiones del cuerpo humano y cada uno de los parámetros que se deben tomar en cuenta en la aplicación práctica al realizar un estudio en el Hospital General del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, para que estos conocimientos refuercen la información para todos aquellos profesionales en formación ampliando su preparación y detallando cada uno de los requisitos que se toman en cuenta en el área de RM

Conferencia internacional. Desafíos de la Investigación e innovación en tiempos de Covid-19

En 2018, Treinta y nueve estudiantes femeninas del X ciclo del periodo 2018-1 de la escuela de Psicología de una universidad particular del cono norte de Lima, ellas han descrito el romance de su personas cercanas a ellas. Se analizaron los 266 casos de parejas de enamorados estaban el rango de 17 a 25 años. El instrumento que se usó fue una CUESTIONARIO CUPIDO que es una escala nominal de conductas donde las estudiantes de psicología clasificaban los comportamientos en categorías preestablecidas, claramente definidas y mutuamente excluyentes. La conclusión más importante del estudio observacional fue que las parejas analizadas en un 64.4 % la mujer ero atrajo al varón y después el varón emo conectó con la mujer. También han observado otro estilo de romance cuando el varón ero atrajo a la mujer por su cuerpo atracción y después la mujer fue la que emo conectó con el varón y observaron este hecho en un 35.6 % de los casos

Abstracts from the 8th International Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications

This work was supported by a restricted research grant of Bayer AG

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Strategic analysis of the work of CONAF in conserving biodiversity of Juan Fernandez Archipelago

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de: Ingeniera en Recursos Naturales RenovablesChile presenta características singulares respecto a su diversidad biológica, lo cual ha sido determinado principalmente por su condición geográfica y gran variedad de condiciones climáticas. Esto hace que existan áreas con especies de alto valor ecológico, como el Archipiélago Juan Fernández, que por su condición de aislamiento biogeográfico presenta la mayor densidad de endemismos de flora del mundo. Debido a ello se le ha denominado como la “Galápagos de la Flora”, además de obtener otras categorías internacionales como la de Reserva de la Biósfera. En el año 1935 fue declarado parque nacional y desde el año 1973 cuenta con una administración por parte de la Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF), la cual es la encargada de velar por su adecuado manejo y conservación. El presente trabajo realiza un análisis de la labor que ha desempeñado CONAF a lo largo de su permanencia en el archipiélago a partir de diferentes niveles jerárquicos y comparando diversos puntos de vista. Para ello se analizaron, en primer lugar, las funciones que por ley le corresponden a CONAF a través de información secundaria y se contrastó con la visión de diversos actores vinculados a la conservación del archipiélago, para luego efectuar un análisis estratégico a partir de una matriz FODA. Se analizaron documentos vinculados a normativas, estatutos, instrumentos de manejo, directrices, acuerdos internacionales, informes, proyectos y presupuestos; además se aplicaron entrevistas a 17 actores vinculados al ámbito público, técnico, organizaciones no gubernamentales y sociales. A partir de esta información se concluyó que la gestión que realiza CONAF en Juan Fernández está directamente relacionada con la cantidad de recursos económicos que se destinan. Los objetivos mandatados por ley son cumplidos de acuerdo a las capacidades que presenta la institución y se destacan como aspectos positivos: la labor de educación ambiental, la dedicación de los guardaparques y el potencial que presenta esta área para realizar una actividad turística de intereses especiales. Por otra parte, se hace urgente regular las investigaciones que se realizan en el parque, controlar el problema de las especies exóticas invasoras y fomentar una gestión conjunta con otros actores del archipiélago involucrados en temas ambientales. Finalmente, se sugiere que la tramitación de la Ley de Estatutos Especiales para el archipiélago, puede dar respuesta y contribuir a una mejor administración del territorio en su conjunto, que promueva el adecuado manejo y conservación de la biodiversidad.Chile has particular characteristics for biological diversity, which has been mainly determined by their geographical condition and wide variety of climatic conditions. That means that there are areas with species of high ecological value like Juan Fernández Archipelago that because of the condition of biogeographic isolation has the highest density of endemic species of flora in the world. Because of that it has been called the "Galapagos of Flora", plus getting other international categories such as Biosphere Reserve. In 1935 it was declared a national park and since 1973 has been administrated by the National Forestry Corporation (CONAF), which is responsible of ensuring proper management and conservation. This paper analyzes the role that has played CONAF throughout their stay in the archipelago from different hierarchy levels and comparing different points of view. With this goal were analyzed, the functions assigned to CONAF by law through secondary information and it was contrasted with the view of various stakeholders involved in the conservation of the archipelago, and to be able to conduct a strategic analysis from a matrix SWOT. Documents relating to regulations, statutes, management tools, guidelines, international agreements, reports, projects and budgets were analyzed; also interviews with 17 stakeholders involved in the public sphere, technical, non-governmental and social organizations were applied. It was concluded that the management carried out by CONAF in Juan Fernández is directly related to the amount financial resources allocated. The objectives mandated by law are fulfilled according to the capabilities showed by the institution and there are highlighted as positive aspects: environmental education work, dedication of rangers and the potential presented by this area for a tourism special interest. Moreover, it is urgent to regulate the research being conducted in the park, to control the problem of invasive alien species and to promote a joint management with other actors from archipelago involved in environmental issues. Finally, it is suggested that the application of the Law of Special Statutes for the archipelago, can be an answer and contribute to a better management of the territory as a whole that promotes a proper management and conservation of the biodiversity