Primena GIS-a u održivom razvoju turizma i zaštiti životne sredine

Razvoj računarske tehnologije i tehnike virtuelne stvarnosti doveo je do brojnih promena u kartografiji. Od početnog razvoja računarske tehnologije čovek je pokušavao stvoriti virtuelnu sliku sveta koju bi na istovetan način, kao i sliku „stvarnog“ sveta, mogao doživeti svim čulima. Digitalnom revolucijom u poslednjoj četvrtini XX veka, 2D digitalne karte su počele da održavaju interaktivnu komunikaciju geoinformacija, premijerno omogućujući prilagođavanje sadržaja karte zadacima i kontekstima zasnovanim na uslužno orijentisanoj arhitekturi. Turizam je postao važna privredna grana - povećava rast bruto domaćeg proizvoda, izvoz i zaposlenost. Kao heterogena delatnost ima uticaj i na srodne privredne delatnosti -poljoprivredu, trgovinu, građevinarstvo, saobraćaj itd. Opšti privredni razvoj, urbanizacija, neracionalno korišćenje prirodnih resursa, odlaganje svih vrsta otpada, kao i masovna i nekontrolisana primena hemijskih sredstava u poljoprivredi, doveli su do veoma nezadovoljavajućeg stanja u životnoj sredini. Turizam karakteriše hipermobilnost- porast životnog standarda, nivoa obrazovanja, višak slobodnog vremena itd., što dovodi do negativnih globalnih efekata po životnu sredinu

Primena GIS-a u održivom razvoju turizma i zaštiti životne sredine

Razvoj računarske tehnologije i tehnike virtuelne stvarnosti doveo je do brojnih promena u kartografiji. Od početnog razvoja računarske tehnologije čovek je pokušavao stvoriti virtuelnu sliku sveta koju bi na istovetan način, kao i sliku „stvarnog“ sveta, mogao doživeti svim čulima. Digitalnom revolucijom u poslednjoj četvrtini XX veka, 2D digitalne karte su počele da održavaju interaktivnu komunikaciju geoinformacija, premijerno omogućujući prilagođavanje sadržaja karte zadacima i kontekstima zasnovanim na uslužno orijentisanoj arhitekturi. Turizam je postao važna privredna grana - povećava rast bruto domaćeg proizvoda, izvoz i zaposlenost. Kao heterogena delatnost ima uticaj i na srodne privredne delatnosti -poljoprivredu, trgovinu, građevinarstvo, saobraćaj itd. Opšti privredni razvoj, urbanizacija, neracionalno korišćenje prirodnih resursa, odlaganje svih vrsta otpada, kao i masovna i nekontrolisana primena hemijskih sredstava u poljoprivredi, doveli su do veoma nezadovoljavajućeg stanja u životnoj sredini. Turizam karakteriše hipermobilnost- porast životnog standarda, nivoa obrazovanja, višak slobodnog vremena itd., što dovodi do negativnih globalnih efekata po životnu sredinu

Statistička teorija uzročnosti, stohastičke diferencijalne jednačine i svojstvo martingalne reprzentacije

One of the important and basic goals of science is to establish cause-e®ect re- lations between events. Many discussions were about the concept of causality and how it can be measured. The concept of Granger's causality (Granger, 1969) is very well known in economy and it can be applied in researches. Granger's de¯nition of causality is based on the idea that the present and the future cannot e®ect the past. About the concept of causality have been discussed for a very long time in all areas of science. In last decade we are dealing with a signi¯cant progress. Today, a concept of causality have a wide application in physical, biological andsocial sciences, history, medicine, especially in epidemiology, economy and etc. The area of research of this Phd dissertation is statistical theory of causality and its application on weak solutions of stochastic di®erential equations and martingale representation property. It have been shown that this concept of causality is equivalent with the concept of weak uniqueness of weak solutions for the stochastic di®erential equations and extremal solutions of the martingale problem. This concept of causality can be characterized with stopping times and its connection with extremal solution of the stopped martingale problem can be proved, as well as with locally unique weak local solutions. The concept of causality can be related to the theory of martingales, too. Namely, this concept can be connected with the preservation of the martingale property, orthogonal martingales, stable subspaces as well as with martingale representation property, which have an application, especially in ¯nancial mathematics

Geographical information systems and remote sensing methods in the estimation of potential dew volume and its utilization in the United Arab Emirates

In a fast growing region of Middle East and with rapid depletion of fossil groundwater, possibilities for dew utilization as a limited renewable water resource play an important role in the water management of the United Arab Emirates. Despite projected changes in air temperature and rainfall, geographical and topographical features of the UAE show some potential for dew harvesting, mostly at the altitudes higher than 1000 m and some isolated oasis areas. With the help of geographical information system (GIS), remote sensing, and numerical and theoretical methods, approximate volumes of dew were estimated. Meteorological data was inputted together with theoretical and numerical calculations into grids by using pixelization processes. Methods such as zonal statistics, kriging, semi-kriging, and interpolation were implemented through GIS software. Another method used in this research is supervised classification and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which is being determined by means of software IDRISI terra set. After finishing all the proposed methods applied in this research, four belts of potential dew use were presented. The Arabian Desert in the territory of the United Arab Emirates has no potential for dew utilization. The zone close to the oases has very low possibility of dew use. The hilly-mountainous area between 500 and 800 m.a.s.l. has medium possibility for dew use. There is a high possibility for dew use on mountain Al Hajar, occupying the area higher than 800 m; 1.3% of the whole country’s territory has excellent potential for dew use. In this part of the country, theoretically, it is possible to use dew for farming and partial watering. Experimental study together with GIS, remote sensing, and numerical analysis may extend knowledge about dew properties. Although this research includes theoretical calculations of dew utilization and has some limitations, it still presents a new insight into climate cycles in this part of the Arabian Peninsula and a way to understand them better

One Small Municipality and Future of Renewable Energy Strategy

The subject of this paper is to present an investigation of renewable energy potential in one small municipality in south Serbia. Serbia has a relatively small area but a large number of renewable energy resources. This energy is divided into solar, wind, geothermal and waste wood. One municipality on the south east has very large potential for the renewable energy utilization. The municipality of Kursumlija has an area of 952 km(2) but with poor dense of the population. In this municipality we have one of the most powerful resources of the renewable energy, estimated on 118.5 MWt. With the help of different methods such as GIS (Geographical Information System), numerical and geo-statistical analyses, were analyzed total capacity of the renewable energy. Other relevant documents are the municipality strategy documents, satellite recordings, cadaster data, analogue plans and maps. The estimated capacity of geothermal energy with included 23 springs may reach 25.5 MWt. The waste wood estimated capacity is may reach 1123.5 TJ/year or 35.6 MWt. The solar potential may reach 1810.8 Tj/year or 57.4 MWt. The main goal of this research is to present renewable energy potential of the municipality and compare it with dirty kinds of energy. Other goals are to present benefits and advantages of the utilization of renewable energy sources. This research is also important to present to the broader readership and it can be the start initiative for deeper investigation of renewable energy resources

A geographical information systems-based approach to health facilities and urban traffic system in Belgrade, Serbia

We studied the geospatial distribution of health facilities in Belgrade, the capital of the Republic of Serbia, in relation to the public transport system. Analyses in this research were based on advanced geographical information systems using numerical methods. We calculated accessibility to health centres as based on public transport properties accounting for the movement of citizens, as well as patients, through the city. Based on results, the city of Belgrade has a moderate connectivity. Public health centres and a group of other health centres in the central-east part of the city have a better connectivity. Also, in this paper we estimated that the average time necessary to reach health facilities on foot is 100 minutes and by public transport vehicles such as buses, trams and trolleys is 42 minutes

GISand remote sensing techniques for the estimation of dew volume in the Republic of Serbia

With the help of satellite data and numerical geographical information system (GIS) methods, the total capacity of dew volume on the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia was estimated. Multicriteria GIS analysis and satellite detections with the support of methods such as kriging and semi-kriging gave satisfactory results in the present research. After the download of satellite data, they were compared with meteorological data for precipitation, evaporation and air temperature. A very precise grid in 1 x 1 degrees of longitude and latitude was created. The average estimated dew potential for the territory of Serbia is 20-40 mm.year(-1)for the south of the country, 15 mm.year(-1)for the north, 30-50 mm.year(-1)for the central region and 20-30 mm.year(-1)for the east. In most drought regions, it is lt 10 mm.year(-1).m(-2). Counties with the largest dew capacity (between 15,200 and 20,000 L) include Borski, Nisavski and Jablanicki in the eastern part of the country, as well as Zlatiborski, Raski and Pec in the western and southern parts, respectively. On the other hand, counties with the lowest dew capacity (2,000-3,000 L) encompass northern parts of Serbia (Sremski, Severno-Banatski, Srednje-Banatski, Juzno-Banatski, Severno-Backi and Zapadno-Backi). The possibility for dew use is particularly strong during the spring. The estimated total capacity of the dew potential for Serbia is 1.5 x 10(7)L. By comparing the obtained data for Serbia, it is concluded that the amount of this type of water resource is not large, but enough for use in agricultural and other economic sectors

Assessment of the Geotouristic Values of Devil’s Town, Serbia

Serbia is a country rich in geoheritage with eighty geomorphological sites now under protection. Although a canyon, the site of Devil’s Town is a unique geomorphological site in Serbia and deserves special attention. The geotouristic values of Devil’s Town were assessed based on the analysis of its present state and comparison with three similar and nearby geosites on the Balkan Pennisula (the Sand Pyramids in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Stob and Melnik Earth pyramids in Bulgaria). The assessment was performed using a ‘modified geosite assessment model’ (M-GAM), which includes estimation of the main indicators and sub-indicators. Devil’s Town has an average level of major and additional values. Indicators show that this geosite has great tourist, scientific and aesthetic value, as well as enough space for improving the ecological and functional values, as a basis for the development of tourism. Devil’s Town displays a higher touristic value than the Sand pyramids and slightly lower than the Stob pyramids. However, in comparison with the Melnik Earth pyramids in Bulgaria, its touristic value is significantly lower. This study could serve as a guide for managing development strategies concerning decision-making and engagement in tourism of the analysed geosite, addressing the needs of modern tourists

An Improved Modification of Accelerated Double Direction and Double Step-Size Optimization Schemes

We propose an improved variant of the accelerated gradient optimization models for solving unconstrained minimization problems. Merging the positive features of either double direction, as well as double step size accelerated gradient models, we define an iterative method of a simpler form which is generally more effective. Performed convergence analysis shows that the defined iterative method is at least linearly convergent for uniformly convex and strictly convex functions. Numerical test results confirm the efficiency of the developed model regarding the CPU time, the number of iterations and the number of function evaluations metric

Modelling and mapping of the COVID-19 trajectory and pandemic paths at global scale: A geographer's perspective

In December 2019, the virus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic was detected in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The virus started to spread from China and dispersed over the rest of the world. In March 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The transmission path of the pandemic was accelerated by different types of transportation. With complete analysis of spatial data, population density, types of traffic networks, and their properties, the spatial distribution of COVID-19 was estimated. GIS (Geographical Information System), numerical methods, and software for network analysis were used in this research to model scenarios of virus distribution on a global scale. The analyzed data included air, railway, marine, and road traffic. In the pandemic research, numerous models of possible trajectory of viruses can be created. Many have a stochastic character. This study includes all countries in the world affected by the COVID-19 up to date. In this study, GIS methods such as buffer, interpolations, and numerical analysis were used in order to estimate and visualize ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation. According to the availability of new data, trajectory of virus paths was estimated. On the other hand, sparsely populated areas with poorly developed and small traffic networks (and isolated island territories) tend to be less or not affected as shown by the model. This low-cost approach can be used in order to define important measures that need to be addressed and implemented in order to successfully mitigate the implications of COVID-19 not only on global, but local and regional scales as well