Programa de concienciación sobre el dolor lumbar y sus factores de riesgo para mejorar el desempeño ocupacional en el entorno escolar

El dolor lumbar es considerado como uno de los trastornos crónicos más frecuentes en la edad adulta aunque su aparición es anterior y casi la mitad de adolescentes entre trece y quince años se ven afectados por el mismo, de ahí que la población a la que se dirige el programa sean los propios alumnos. Son muchos los factores de riesgo presentes en los centros escolares que influyen en la aparición de la patología como por ejemplo una incorrecta posición corporal a la hora de realizar actividades o de manejar cargas y un entorno que no se adapta a las necesidades de la persona, lo que provoca una importante limitación en la participación y en el desempeño ocupacional. Este programa tiene como principal objetivo concienciar al alumnado sobre los factores de riesgo relacionados con el dolor lumbar que influyen en el desempeño escolar y por consiguiente prevenir la patología para favorecer la participación en la vida diaria y en el entorno educativo. Para conseguirlo, el terapeuta ocupacional realizará un taller basado en el modelo ecológico Persona Entorno Desempeño Ocupacional en el que insistirá sobretodo en la importante relación de estos tres aspectos. Hay que destacar que la Terapia Ocupacional tiene como finalidad mejorar el desempeño en las actividades de la vida diaria y evaluar el entorno en el que se desarrollan. Aunque actualmente en España su presencia en los colegios sea escasa, es una disciplina que beneficiaría a alumnos, padres y profesores

Enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas en educación primaria

Esta obra está diseñada en dos partes: la primera, cómo enseñar y aprender matemáticas en la etapa de educación primaria. Consideraciones teóricas, con 4 capítulos; y, la segunda: Diseño y evaluación de programas de intervención matemática en educación primaria, con diseños para los seis cursos de matemáticas para la escuela primaria. En la Introducción, las autoras presentan su visión de lo que es la educación matemática. Las ideas centrales son: la matemática impacta a la sociedad en su conjunto y en múltiples formas; la matemática, sea cual sea su orientación tiene tres problemas interrelacionados: 1) la justificación, 2) la posibilidad y 3) la puesta en práctica; la práctica matemática como medio para el desarrollo tecnológico y socieconómico, a fin de incrementar el bienestar material de la sociedad; las cosas que en común tienen los pueblos es que usan una cierta matemática: el cálculo, la localización, la medición, el diseño, el juego y la explicación; al enseñar matemáticas se introduce al estudiante en "la cultura matemática"

Imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions in hierarchical Cartesian meshes by means of stabilized Lagrange multipliers

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Tur, M., Albelda, J., Nadal, E. and Ródenas, J. J. (2014), Imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions in hierarchical Cartesian meshes by means of stabilized Lagrange multipliers. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng, 98: 399–417, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.4629 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] The use of Cartesian meshes independent of the geometry has some advantages over the traditional meshes used in the finite element method. The main advantage is that their use together with an appropriate hierarchical data structure reduces the computational cost of the finite element analysis. This improvement is based on the substitution of the traditional mesh generation process by an optimized procedure for intersecting the Cartesian mesh with the boundary of the domain and the use efficient solvers based on the hierarchical data structure. One major difficulty associated to the use of Cartesian grids is the fact that the mesh nodes do not, in general, lie over the boundary of the domain, increasing the difficulty to impose Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this paper, Dirichlet boundary conditions are imposed by means of the Lagrange multipliers technique. A new functional has been added to the initial formulation of the problem that has the effect of stabilizing the problem. The technique here presented allows for a simple definition of the Lagrange multipliers field that even allow us to directly condense the degrees of freedom of the Lagrange multipliers at element level.The authors acknowledge the financial support received from the research project DPI2010-20542 of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. Also, we appreciated the financial support of the FPU program (AP2008-01086) of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2012/023). The authors are also grateful for the support of the Framework Program 7 Initial Training Network Funding under grant number 289361 'Integrating Numerical Simulation and Geometric Design Technology (INSIST)'.Tur Valiente, M.; Albelda Vitoria, J.; Nadal Soriano, E.; Ródenas García, JJ. (2014). Imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions in hierarchical Cartesian meshes by means of stabilized Lagrange multipliers. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 98(6):399-417. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.462939941798

Distribution of melanopsin positive neurons in pigmented and albino mice: evidence for melanopsin interneurons in the mouse retina.

Here we have studied the population of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in adult pigmented and albino mice. Our data show that although pigmented (C57Bl/6) and albino (Swiss) mice have a similar total number of ipRGCs, their distribution is slightly different: while in pigmented mice ipRGCs are more abundant in the temporal retina, in albinos the ipRGCs are more abundant in superior retina. In both strains, ipRGCs are located in the retinal periphery, in the areas of lower Brn3a(+)RGC density. Both strains also contain displaced ipRGCs (d-ipRGCs) in the inner nuclear layer (INL) that account for 14% of total ipRGCs in pigmented mice and 5% in albinos. Tracing from both superior colliculli shows that 98% (pigmented) and 97% (albino) of the total ipRGCs, become retrogradely labeled, while double immunodetection of melanopsin and Brn3a confirms that few ipRGCs express this transcription factor in mice. Rather surprisingly, application of a retrograde tracer to the optic nerve (ON) labels all ipRGCs, except for a sub-population of the d-ipRGCs (14% in pigmented and 28% in albino, respectively) and melanopsin positive cells residing in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) of the retina. In the CMZ, between 20% (pigmented) and 24% (albino) of the melanopsin positive cells are unlabeled by the tracer and we suggest that this may be because they fail to send an axon into the ON. As such, this study provides the first evidence for a population of melanopsin interneurons in the mammalian retina

Fast simulation of the pantograph-catenary dynamic interaction

Simulation of the pantograph-catenary dynamic interaction has now become a useful tool for designing and optimizing the system. In order to perform accurate simulations, including system non-linearities, the Finite Element Method is commonly employed combined with a time integration scheme, even though the computational time required may be longer than with the use of other simpler approaches. In this paper we propose a two-stage methodology (Offline/Online) which notably reduces the computational cost without any loss in accuracy and makes it possible to successfully carry out very efficient optimizations or even Hardware in the Loop simulations with real-time requirements.The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support received from the FPU program offered by the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte under grant number (FPU13/04191), and also funding from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2016/007).Gregori Verdú, S.; Tur Valiente, M.; Nadal Soriano, E.; Aguado, J.; Fuenmayor Fernández, FJ.; Chinesta, F. (2017). Fast simulation of the pantograph-catenary dynamic interaction. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 129:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2017.01.007S11312

A role for the outer retina in development of the intrinsic pupillary light reflex in mice.

Mice do not require the brain in order to maintain constricted pupils. However, little is known about this intrinsic pupillary light reflex (iPLR) beyond a requirement for melanopsin in the iris and an intact retinal ciliary marginal zone (CMZ). Here, we study the mouse iPLR in vitro and examine a potential role for outer retina (rods and cones) in this response. In wild-type mice the iPLR was absent at postnatal day 17 (P17), developing progressively from P21-P49. However, the iPLR only achieved ∼ 30% of the wild-type constriction in adult mice with severe outer retinal degeneration (rd and rdcl). Paradoxically, the iPLR increased significantly in retinal degenerate mice >1.5 years of age. This was accompanied by an increase in baseline pupil tone in the dark to levels indistinguishable from those in adult wild types. This rejuvenated iPLR response was slowed by atropine application, suggesting the involvement of cholinergic neurotransmission. We could find no evidence of an increase in melanopsin expression by quantitative PCR in the iris and ciliary body of aged retinal degenerates and a detailed anatomical analysis revealed a significant decline in melanopsin-positive intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in rdcl mice >1.5 years. Adult mice lacking rod function (Gnat1(-/-)) also had a weak iPLR, while mice lacking functional cones (Cpfl5) maintained a robust response. We also identify an important role for pigmentation in the development of the mouse iPLR, with only a weak and transient response present in albino animals. Our results show that the iPLR in mice develops unexpectedly late and are consistent with a role for rods and pigmentation in the development of this response in mice. The enhancement of the iPLR in aged degenerate mice was extremely surprising but may have relevance to behavioral observations in mice and patients with retinitis pigmentosa

Localización de robots móviles con 4 GDL mediante visión omnidireccional

[Resumen] La localización de robots, junto a la creación de mapas y planificación, es una tarea fundamental que permite la navegación autónoma de estos dispositivos en un entorno desconocido. En este trabajo se presenta un método para calcular la transformación entre dos poses del robot que se desplaza en un entorno en el que pueden darse cambios en la altura. Estos robots están provistos de un sistema omnidireccional que les permite obtener puntos característicos del entorno. A partir de estos puntos, aplicamos el método que se describe en este trabajo, para obtener la localización del robot salvo un factor de escala sin tener conocimiento previo de la escena.Generalitat Valenciana; AICO/2015/021https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.978849749808

Tracing the retina to analyze the integrity and phagocytic capacity of the retinal pigment epithelium

We have developed a new technique to study the integrity, morphology and functionality of the retinal neurons and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Young and old control albino (Sprague-Dawley) and pigmented (Piebald Virol Glaxo) rats, and dystrophic albino (P23H-1) and pigmented (Royal College of Surgeons) rats received a single intravitreal injection of 3% Fluorogold (FG) and their retinas were analyzed from 5 minutes to 30 days later. Retinas were imaged in vivo with SD-OCT and ex vivo in flat-mounts and in cross-sections. Fifteen minutes and 24 hours after intravitreal administration of FG retinal neurons and the RPE, but no glial cells, were labeled with FG-filled vesicles. The tracer reached the RPE 15 minutes after FG administration, and this labeling remained up to 30 days. Tracing for 15 minutes or 24 hours did not cause oxidative stress. Intraretinal tracing delineated the pathological retinal remodelling occurring in the dystrophic strains. The RPE of the P23H-1 strain was highly altered in aged animals, while the RPE of the RCS strain, which is unable to phagocytose, did not accumulate the tracer even at young ages when the retinal neural circuit is still preserved. In both dystrophic strains, the RPE cells were pleomorphic and polymegathic

Tracing the retina to analyze the integrity and phagocytic capacity of the retinal pigment epithelium

We have developed a new technique to study the integrity, morphology and functionality of the retinal neurons and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Young and old control albino (Sprague-Dawley) and pigmented (Piebald Virol Glaxo) rats, and dystrophic albino (P23H-1) and pigmented (Royal College of Surgeons) rats received a single intravitreal injection of 3% Fluorogold (FG) and their retinas were analyzed from 5 minutes to 30 days later. Retinas were imaged in vivo with SD-OCT and ex vivo in flat-mounts and in cross-sections. Fifteen minutes and 24 hours after intravitreal administration of FG retinal neurons and the RPE, but no glial cells, were labeled with FG-filled vesicles. The tracer reached the RPE 15 minutes after FG administration, and this labeling remained up to 30 days. Tracing for 15 minutes or 24 hours did not cause oxidative stress. Intraretinal tracing delineated the pathological retinal remodelling occurring in the dystrophic strains. The RPE of the P23H-1 strain was highly altered in aged animals, while the RPE of the RCS strain, which is unable to phagocytose, did not accumulate the tracer even at young ages when the retinal neural circuit is still preserved. In both dystrophic strains, the RPE cells were pleomorphic and polymegathic.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional “Una manera de hacer Europa” (PI16/00031, PI16/00380, PI19/00071, PI19/00203, SAF2015-67643-P, RD16/0008, RD16/0008/0026 and RD16/0008/0016) and by the Fundación Séneca, Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología Región de Murcia (19881/GERM/15)