Development of PID control parameters in proportional valves for a wastewater treatment plant filtration process

Wastewater treatment has remained a topic of interest over the years, since this method allows the water to be reused in other activities, since it establishes a process of conversion to "clean water"; however, this water must comply with quality standards that support the healthiness of the water. On the other hand, the treatment systems are still managed through manual processes, in which the variables and parameters of the plant are measured, however, these do not tend to be accurate, which leads to overflows within the system and consequently contaminate the quality of the water. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the PID control parameters in proportional valves for a wastewater treatment plant filtration process. Also, it was essential to establish a flow chart of plant processes, and then implement sensors and actuators in the filtration process, in turn, equations were established to find the gain, where a ki=0.5359 and kd=5.1042 were achieved. Therefore, constant oscillations were obtained as a result within the level control, by means of the SCADA system. Finally, it was concluded that the implementation of a PID control system minimized the oscillations (disturbances) of the system, which generated greater precision of the variables that established the filtering of the process and reduced the water overflow, thus maintaining the healthiness of the process

Design and performance study of the heat exchanger of a fin-based thermoelectric generator via numerical simulations

Climate change is a latent concern nowadays, so the ONU proposed to adopt new alternatives for obtaining energy through clean and renewable energies; that is why the TEG (Thermoelectric Generator) have been used in different industries and vehicles as they are a system that recovers and uses the waste heat from automobile exhaust gases for waste heat recovery; therefore, it is a method that allows improving energy efficiency. The present study aims to design and study the performance of the heat exchanger of a fin-based thermoelectric generator via numerical simulations. In this way, the geometry was performed using SolidWorks software. In addition, the meshing and boundary conditions were established in ANSYS Fluent to obtain the initial temperature distributions. Additionally, these initial temperature distributions serve as boundary conditions for ANSYS Thermal-Electric to obtain the semiconductor's final temperature distributions, voltage distributions, and electric current distributions. It was obtained as a result that the semiconductor's temperature distributions reached a voltage of 80 mV in 1 second of heat transfer. Also, the droplets fin-base TEG had an average temperature of 36.85 °C on the cold side and 163.3 °C on the hot side. Finally, it was concluded that the semiconductor’s final temperature distributions of the hot and cold side for the droplets fin-base TEG presented higher uniformity than the parallel plate fin-base TEG

Simulation of an Automated Sorting System for Peruvian mangoes based on computer vision

Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities in Peru. Furthermore, the Peruvian mango is the most important fruit as an export product on the European market due to its good quality. Three varieties of mango are cultivated in Peru: Haden, Kent and Tommy Atkins, each of them presents different characteristics; however, the production of this fruit is affected because manual processes are still used for its production, which generates a delay in the process due to the inaccuracy of the labour. The present study aims to develop the simulation of an automated grading system for Peruvian mangoes based on computer vision. On the other hand, to establish the process development, the transfer learning principle was analysed and a flow diagram of the system was made. The simulation of the system environment was obtained through the Factory IO software, together with the image processing through the Matlab software, in which the characteristics of the three mango varieties were introduced; therefore, with this information, the system was able to carry out the mango selection. Finally, it was concluded that the presented design optimises the selection and storage time of the mangoes, as well as automating the labour in the process

Simulation of an Automated Tahitian Lemon Grading System Based on Computer Vision

Lemon exports are of great influence in Peru, since there is a great demand from countries such as the USA, Belgium and Holland. For this reason, the agricultural sector is one of the essential factors for the economic development of the country, since it generates S/29,553 million annually throughout the national territory. On the other hand, Peru offers two types of lemons, for example: the Tahitian lemon and the subtle lemon; however, due to its characteristics, the Tahitian lemon is the one that is sent as an export product worldwide. Currently, the selection process of this fruit is done manually, since there are not enough industrial optimizations in its process. Therefore, the present study aims to carry out the simulation of an automated grading system for Tahitian lemon based on computer vision. The selection parameters for the image processing were established as the levels of ripeness of the lemon: early ripening, medium ripening, ripe and stale. This selection was implemented due to the need to comply with the quality standards required by the Free Trade Agreements (FTA). As a result, the selection simulation was obtained through a conveyor belt, where the fruit passed through the computer vision, which determined the route of the fruit. Finally, it was concluded that through automation it is possible to optimize the selection time of food products