9,055 research outputs found
The interstellar gas-phase chemistry of HCN and HNC
We review the reactions involving HCN and HNC in dark molecular clouds to
elucidate new chemical sources and sinks of these isomers. We find that the
most important reactions for the HCN-HNC system are Dissociative Recombination
(DR) reactions of HCNH+ (HCNH+ + e-), the ionic CN + H3+, HCN + C+, HCN and HNC
reactions with H+/He+/H3+/H3O+/HCO+, the N + CH2 reaction and two new
reactions: H + CCN and C + HNC. We test the effect of the new rate constants
and branching ratios on the predictions of gas-grain chemical models for dark
cloud conditions. The rapid C + HNC reaction keeps the HCN/HNC ratio
significantly above one as long as the carbon atom abundance remains high.
However, the reaction of HCN with H3+ followed by DR of HCNH+ acts to isomerize
HCN into HNC when carbon atoms and CO are depleted leading to a HCN/HNC ratio
close to or slightly greater than 1. This agrees well with observations in
TMC-1 and L134N taking into consideration the overestimation of HNC abundances
through the use of the same rotational excitation rate constants for HNC as for
HCN in many radiative transfer models.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Food safety
Illness induced by unsafe food is a problem of great public health significance. This study relates exclusively to the occurrence of chemical agents which will result in food unsafe for human consumption since the matter of food safety is of paramount importance in the mission and operation of the manned spacecraft program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Corrigendum. Maars to calderas: end-members on a spectrum of explosive volcanic depressions
A corrigendum on
Maars to calderas: end-members on a spectrum of explosive volcanic depressions
by Palladino, D. M., Valentine, G. A., Sottili, G., and Taddeucci, J. (2015). Front. Earth Sci. 3:36.
doi: 10.3389/feart.2015.00036
Reason for Corrigendum:
In the original article (Palladino et al., 2015), there was an error in Figure 1. The vertical axis
of the qualitative plot reported erroneously “ratio of juvenile to lithic materials in deposits outside
of depression”. The correct wording is as follows: “ratio of juvenile to total (i.e., juvenile+lithic)
materials in deposits outside of depression”. In fact, as it was reported correctly in the text, the
amount of juvenilematerial (i.e., scoria or pumice) deposited ouside the different types of explosive
volcanic depressions increases from zero (i.e., no juvenile, all lithic products), as is the case of
hydrothermal (phreatic) explosion craters, to become largely dominant over the lithic component
in the case of ash flow deposits associated with large overpressure collapse calderas. The corrected Figure 1 appears below. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way
The Spread of Public Libraries: The Community of the Book in North Carolina, 1900-1960
History of the founding of public libraries in North Carolina, from the first one in 1897 to circa 196
Mollie Huston Lee: Founder of Raleigh's Public Black Library
The establishment of the first black library in Raleigh is described within the context of both North Carolina history and library development in the South
Libraries and Print Culture in Early North Carolina
Print culture in colonial North Carolina was more robust than most people think. Early North Carolinians soon built up their private collections into sometimes substantial libraries. Studying print through the agency of libraries gives new historical insights into colonial society
Books in Tolerable Supply: College Libraries in North Carolina from 1795 to the Civil War
Abstract: The historical role of college libraries has seldom been investigated on a regional or state level in the United States, but such studies are valuable in explaining the cultural infrastructure of education and print culture. State and regional studies also set the context for further research on individual libraries and colleges as well as histories on a larger level. This work examines how college libraries developed in North Carolina from 1800 to 1860 and illustrates the growth and ambience of education and print culture during a formative period of the antebellum South
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