L’ospedale in tv: la rappresentazione della sanità attraverso la fiction televisiva in Italia dal 1980 ad oggi

Il saggio presenta le linee generali e l'impostazione di una ricerca sulla rappresentazione della professione medica nella fiction televisiva andata in onda in Italia dagli anni '80 ad oggi. Vengono esaminate le problematiche dell'utilizzo della fiction come fonte per la ricerca storico/antropologica e, in conclusione, si elaborano ipotesi sull'impatto che queste rappresentazioni possono avere avuto sulla domanda e l'offerta di salute in contesto italiano

Guardare ma non toccare: lo sguardo del medico oltre lo schermo. Auscultazione della pratica medica contemporanea

Il saggio rende conto dell'evoluzione di una ricerca sulla rappresentazione della professione medica nella fiction televisiva andata in onda in Italia dagli anni '80 ad oggi. Si confronta qui la rappresentazione della medicina, del corpo e della pratica medica per come essa emerge da alcuni dei pi\uf9 popolari medical drama con la percezione e l'esperienza dei telespettatori nel ruolo di pazienti (basandosi su interviste in profondit\ue0)

Perceptions and Attitudes Towards the Use of Treated Wastewater in Agriculture: A Case Study from Beit Dajan Community, West Bank

The treatment of wastewater is a circular solution to both water scarcity problems in times of climate change and to avoid direct discharge of untreated wastewater in the environment. The use of treated wastewater (TWW) has been considered as the main water resource in different parts of the world, especially in semi-arid and arid contexts. Palestine is one of these contexts. Here, water stress is locally exacerbated by cultural, political and social constraints, as well as by water quality deterioration and a lack of effective water management which have heavily affected both the environment and the socio-economic development of the Beit Dajan Community, West Bank. To the aim of identifying the core issues, social implications and possible multiple-layer recommendations addressing this situated case of environmental injustice, we conducted a qualitative study under the scope of applied sociology. Moving from the hypothesis that the use of wastewater in agriculture can be hindered by misconceptions or prejudices, in this paper we explore local community’s perceptions and attitudes towards treated wastewater in Beit Dajan (West Bank). Here, besides improving local agricultural production, treated wastewater available for agriculture has the potential to minimize freshwater abstraction and, as a result, water stress. Two focus groups and six interviews conducted between November 2021 and January 2022 with a total of 36 participants let us identify three main factors that, according to Beit Dajan’s local community, still prevent TWW use from being adopted successfully: mismanagement of the treatment unit; misleading (or lack of) information; socio-cultural and religious aspects. The research’s results, however, suggest that existing obstacles are in fact already overcome in everyday production and consumption practices

The Mediated Health Care: the Doctor-Patient Relationship inside and outside the TV Screen

L’obiettivo di questa tesi è rilevare se e quanto i medical dramas abbiano contribuito a ridefinire conoscenze, aspettative e pratiche dei telespettatori/pazienti rispetto a questioni concernenti la salute e il loro ruolo all’interno della relazione medico-paziente. Grazie ad un lavoro di campo, fatto di questionari e interviste con utenti, operatori della sanità di Centro e Nord Italia e studenti di Medicina, sono state poi registrate le modalità di interazione che i protagonisti della scena della cura dichiarano di sperimentare quotidianamente. Ciò ha permesso di rendere conto delle trasformazioni più recenti della professione medica e di come viene elaborato oggi il sapere sulla malattia da parte dei soggetti implicati, fra tecnicismi, atteggiamenti difensivi, sfiducia e affidamento. La tesi restituisce anche alcune modalità sperimentali di interazione fra pazienti e medici, messe in atto in contesti locali, che testimoniano l’esigenza di approdare a un sapere partecipato delle relazioni di cura. Infine, raccogliendo la sfida posta dalle medical humanities, immagina un utilizzo del medical drama nella formazione degli studenti di medicina per l’apprendimento di competenze narrative necessarie ad una pratica medica più umana e efficace.The aim of this thesis is to identify whether and to what degree medical dramas have contributed to redefine TV viewers/patients’ knowledge, expectations, and practices with regard to health-related issues and their role in the doctor-patient relationship. The fieldwork, conducted through questionnaires and interviews with users, medical students and health professionals from Central and Northern Italy, has revealed the interactional modes the key players in medical care declare to experience in everyday life. This has made it possible to access the most recent transformations within the medical profession and the way the involved actors acquire knowledges about illness, amidst technical jargon, defensive behaviours, mistrust and entrustment. Moreover, the thesis offers insight into some experimental modes of interaction between patients and physicians taking place in local contexts, revealing the need to achieve participatory understandings of health care relationships. Finally, embracing the challenge posed from the medical humanities, it conceives of medical dramas as a training tool for medical students to acquire the narrative competence necessary to a more human and effective medical practice

The impact of the alterations in caring for COVID-19 patients on Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue in Italian nurses: a multi method study

During COVID-19 first wave, healthcare professionals were exposed to a major psychological pressure related to uncertainty, a lack of therapies or a vaccine and shortages of healthcare resources. They developed higher levels of Burnout and Compassion Fatigue, and similar levels of Compassion Satisfaction. Aim is evaluating in Italian nurses Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue and impacting individual and relational variables. A multi-methods approach was used. Qualitative data were collected through 2 focus group. Quantitative data were collected through a web survey composed by an ad hoc questionnaire developed from the focus group results, the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5 and the Resilience Scale (RS-14). In the qualitative phase 6 categories emerged. From the quantitative analysis the sample reported a moderate level of Compassion Satisfaction, a low level of Burnout and a moderate level of Secondary Traumatic Stress. Compassion Satisfaction had as predictors resilience (β = .501), followed by feeling part of the team (β = .406) and collaboration with colleagues (β = .386). Secondary Traumatic Stress had as predictors the impact of PPE (β = .269), and feeling Covid-related individual sufferance (β = .212). The only predictor of Burnout was resilience (β = -2195). Conclusions: During COVID-19 first wave Italian nurses were exposed to a higher risk of Secondary Traumatic Stress, mainly impacted by frustration, loss of control, loss of possibility to properly care for patients, and personal threat. Relational and team support had a crucial role in sustaining Compassion Satisfaction

The Suzaku View of Highly Ionized Outflows in AGN

We present the results of a new spectroscopic study of Fe K-band absorption in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Using data obtained from the Suzaku public archive we have performed a statistically driven blind search for Fe XXV Healpha and/or Fe XXVI Lyalpha absorption lines in a large sample of 51 Type 1.01.9 AGN. Through extensive Monte Carlo simulations we find that statistically significant absorption is detected at E greater than or approximately equal to 6.7 keV in 20/51 sources at the P(sub MC) greater than or equal tov 95 per cent level, which corresponds to approximately 40 per cent of the total sample. In all cases, individual absorption lines are detected independently and simultaneously amongst the two (or three) available X-ray imaging spectrometer detectors, which confirms the robustness of the line detections. The most frequently observed outflow phenomenology consists of two discrete absorption troughs corresponding to Fe XXV Healpha and Fe XXVI Lyalpha at a common velocity shift. From xstar fitting the mean column density and ionization parameter for the Fe K absorption components are log (N(sub H) per square centimeter)) is approximately equal to 23 and log (Xi/erg centimeter per second) is approximately equal to 4.5, respectively. Measured outflow velocities span a continuous range from less than1500 kilometers per second up to approximately100 000 kilometers per second, with mean and median values of approximately 0.1 c and approximately 0.056 c, respectively. The results of this work are consistent with those recently obtained using XMM-Newton and independently provides strong evidence for the existence of very highly ionized circumnuclear material in a significant fraction of both radio-quiet and radio-loud AGN in the local universe

ATHENA X-IFU RMF with extended Line Spread Function

The present document describes the current implementation of the extended LSF model in the Athena X-IFU RMF and its usage for X-ray data analysi

Feeding and feedback in radio galaxies and mergers: an X-ray perspective

Observations performed in the last decades have shown that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and cosmic structures are not separate elements of the Universe. While galaxies have sizes roughly ten orders of magnitude larger than SMBHs, black holes would not exist without matter feeding them, and cosmic structures would not be the same without feedback from SMBHs. Powerful winds/jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN) may be the basis of this co-evolution. X-ray observations trace both the cold/feeding and hot/ionized feedback phases. We show the Chandra HETG spectral analysis of two radio galaxies, 3C 390.3 and 3C 120. Complex emission/absorption features are present in the soft X-rays and Fe K band. We detect a hot gas with temperature kT 0.5-1keV from broad ionized Fe L-shell lines which may originate from a kpc scale shocked bubble inflated by the wind/jet. This is reminiscent of supernova bubbles. The shape and strength of the neutral Fe K line suggest that the material feeding the accretion disk, or torus, may be in the form of Compton-thick, clumpy clouds. Such systems may likely be late stage mergers and they allow us to extend the parameter space traced by winds in Seyferts and ULIRGs

Design and characterization of a prototype proton response matrix for the XMM-Newton mission

Low energy (< 200 keV) protons entering the field of view of the XMM-Newton telescope and scattering with the mirror surface are observed in the form of a sudden increase in the background level. Such flaring events, a effecting about 30-40% of XMM-Newton observing time, can hardly be disentangled from true X-ray events and cannot be rejected on board. A response matrix for protons would allow a better understanding of the proton radiation environment, with the aim of modeling the in-flight non X-ray background of current (e.g. XMM-Newton, eROSITA) and future (e.g. ATHENA) X-ray focusing telescopes. Thanks to the latest validation studies on the physics models describing the reflection process of protons at grazing angles, we propose to build a prototype XMM-Newton EPIC proton response matrix describing the effective area and energy redistribution of protons entering the mirror aperture. The simulation pipeline comprises two independent simulation frameworks for the X-ray optics reflectivity, based on ray-tracing and Geant4, and a Geant4 simulation for the proton transmission efficiency caused by the combination of optical filters, on-chip electrodes and the detection depletion regions, requiring a detailed mass model of the MOS focal plane assembly. We present here the pipeline design, the characterization and verification of the proton transmission efficiency, and the algorithms for the effective area and energy redistribution computation. After the verification and validation activity, an opportune data formatting of the tool and its interface with widely-used analysis software (e.g. XSPEC) will allow the distribution of the proton response matrix to the scientific community