Fracionamento de proteína e carboidratos segundo CNCPS de cinco forrageiras irrigadas ou não durante a seca.

Objetivou-se fracionar os carboidratos e proteínas forrageiras submetidas ou não a irrigação. Foram avaliadas: Panicum maximum, Urochloa brizantha, Andropogon gayanus, Urochloa humidicola e Digitaria umfolozi, submetidas a dois níveis de irrigação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em esquema fatorial 5x2, com 4 repetições. As forrageiras foram plantadas em parcelas com 4 m², foram realizados dois cortes com intervalo de 45 dias. As forrageiras foram avaliadas quanto aos teores de proteína bruta (PB) e proteína bruta digestível (PBd), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), hemicelulose, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), celulose e lignina. O fracionamento da PB e CHO foi feito segundo o CNCPS. Observou-se interação significativa para PB e PBd (P0,05). O U. brizantha apresentou maior teor dos componentes da parede celular e das frações dos CT. Observou-se que a irrigação aumentou o percentual de CT das forrageiras, não houve efeito da irrigação (P>0,05) nas frações dos CT.The objective was to fractionate carbohydrates and subjected feed proteins or no irrigation. Were evaluated: Panicum maximum, Urochloa brizantha, Andropogon gayanus, Urochloa humidicola and Digitaria Umfolozi, subject to two levels of irrigation. The experimental design was a 5x2 factorial arrangement with four replications. The forages were planted in plots with 4 m², two cuts were performed with an interval of 45 days. The forages were evaluated for crude protein (CP) and digestible crude protein (DCP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose and lignin. Fractionation of CP and CHO was done according to the CNCPS. There was a significant interaction for CP and DCP (P0.05). The U. brizantha presented the highest content of cell wall components and fractions of CT. It was observed that the irrigation increased the percentage of CT fodder, no effect of irrigation (P>0.05) in fractions of CT.El objetivo era fraccionar los carbohidratos y las proteínas forrajeras sometidas o no al riego. Se evaluaron: Panicum maximum, Urochloa brizantha, Andropogon gayanus, Urochloa humidicola y Digitaria umfolozi, sometidos a dos niveles de riego. El diseño experimental utilizado fue en un esquema factorial 5x2, con 4 repeticiones. Los forrajes se plantaron en parcelas de 4 m², se hicieron dos cortes con un intervalo de 45 días. Se evaluaron los forrajes para la proteína cruda (PC) y la proteína cruda digerible (PCd), fibra detergente neutra (FDN), hemicelulosa, fibra detergente ácida (FDA), celulosa y lignina. El fraccionamiento de PC y CHO se realizó de acuerdo con el CNCPS. Se observó interacción significativa para PC y PCd (P 0.05). La U. brizantha mostró un mayor contenido de componentes de la pared celular y fracciones de CT. Se observó que el riego aumentó el porcentaje de CT de forrajes, no hubo efecto del riego (P> 0.05) en las fracciones de CT

Análise mutagênica de alcalóides extraídos de plantas da família das Amaryllidaceae em Saccharomyces cereviseae

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Mitochondrial ATP fuels ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux in cancer chemoresistance

Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for most cancers worldwide, however development of chemoresistance due to the presence of the drug-effluxing ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters remains a significant problem. The development of safe and effective means to overcome chemoresistance is critical for achieving durable remissions in many cancer patients. We have investigated the energetic demands of ABC transporters in the context of the metabolic adaptations of chemoresistant cancer cells. Here we show that ABC transporters use mitochondrial-derived ATP as a source of energy to efflux drugs out of cancer cells. We further demonstrate that the loss of methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ) (also named DnaJC15), an endogenous negative regulator of mitochondrial respiration, in chemoresistant cancer cells boosts their ability to produce ATP from mitochondria and fuel ABC transporters. We have developed MCJ mimetics that can attenuate mitochondrial respiration and safely overcome chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. Administration of MCJ mimetics in combination with standard chemotherapeutic drugs could therefore become an alternative strategy for treatment of multiple cancers

Focus on the management of thunderclap headache: from nosography to treatment

Thunderclap headache (TCH) is an excruciating headache characterized by a very sudden onset. Recognition and accurate diagnosis of TCH are important in order to rule out the various, serious underlying brain disorders that, in a high percentage of cases, are the real cause of the headache. Primary TCH, which may recur intermittently and generally has a spontaneous, benign evolution, can thus be diagnosed only when all other potential underlying causes have been excluded through accurate diagnostic work up. In this review, we focus on the management of TCH, paying particular attention to the diagnostic work up and treatment of the condition

Lycopene Inhibits NF-kB-Mediated IL-8 Expression and Changes Redox and PPARγ Signalling in Cigarette Smoke–Stimulated Macrophages

Increasing evidence suggests that lycopene, the major carotenoid present in tomato, may be preventive against smoke-induced cell damage. However, the mechanisms of such a prevention are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lycopene on the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 induced by cigarette smoke and the possible mechanisms implicated. Therefore, human THP-1 macrophages were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), alone and following a 6-h pre-treatment with lycopene (0.5–2 µM). CSE enhanced IL-8 production in a time- and a dose-dependent manner. Lycopene pre-treatment resulted in a significant inhibition of CSE-induced IL-8 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. NF-kB controlled the transcription of IL-8 induced by CSE, since PDTC prevented such a production. Lycopene suppressed CSE-induced NF-kB DNA binding, NF-kB/p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of IKKα and IkBα. Such an inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in CSE-induced ROS production and NOX-4 expression. Lycopene further inhibited CSE-induced phosphorylation of the redox-sensitive ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPKs. Moreover, the carotenoid increased PPARγ levels which, in turn, enhanced PTEN expression and decreased pAKT levels in CSE-exposed cells. Such effects were abolished by the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Taken together, our data indicate that lycopene prevented CSE-induced IL-8 production through a mechanism involving an inactivation of NF-kB. NF-kB inactivation was accompanied by an inhibition of redox signalling and an activation of PPARγ signalling. The ability of lycopene in inhibiting IL-8 production, NF-kB/p65 nuclear translocation, and redox signalling and in increasing PPARγ expression was also found in isolated rat alveolar macrophages exposed to CSE. These findings provide novel data on new molecular mechanisms by which lycopene regulates cigarette smoke-driven inflammation in human macrophages

Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value of cell-free miRNAs in prostate cancer : A systematic review

Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Endzeliņš et al.Prostate cancer, the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in males worldwide, is estimated to be diagnosed in 1.1 million men per year. Introduction of PSA testing substantially improved early detection of prostate cancer, however it also led to overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment of patients with an indolent disease. Treatment outcome and management of prostate cancer could be improved by the development of non-invasive biomarker assays that aid in increasing the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer screening, help to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease and guide therapeutic decisions. Prostate cancer cells release miRNAs into the bloodstream, where they exist incorporated into ribonucleoprotein complexes or extracellular vesicles. Later, cell-free miRNAs have been found in various other biofluids. The initial RNA sequencing studies suggested that most of the circulating cell-free miRNAs in healthy individuals are derived from blood cells, while specific disease-associated miRNA signatures may appear in the circulation of patients affected with various diseases, including cancer. This raised a hope that cell-free miRNAs may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer. Indeed, a number of cell-free miRNAs that potentially may serve as diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers have been discovered in blood or other biofluids of prostate cancer patients and need to be validated in appropriately designed longitudinal studies and clinical trials. In this review, we systematically summarise studies investigating cell-free miRNAs in biofluids of prostate cancer patients and discuss the utility of the identified biomarkers in various clinical scenarios. Furthermore, we discuss the possible mechanisms of miRNA release into biofluids and outline the biological questions and technical challenges that have arisen from these studies.publishersversionPeer reviewe