Brazil's Changing Food Demand Challenges the Farm Sector

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Q11, Q13,

A COMPARISON OF FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES

The social safety nets in Mexico and the United States rely heavily on food assistance programs to ensure food security and access to safe and nutritious foods. To achieve these general goals, both countries' programs are exclusively paid for out of internal funds and both target low-income households and/or individuals. Despite those similarities, economic, cultural, and demographic differences between the countries lead to differences in their abilities to ensure food security and access to safe and nutritious foods. Mexico uses geographic and household targeting to distribute benefits while the United States uses only household targeting. U.S. food assistance programs tend to be countercyclical (as the economy expands, food assistance expenditures decline and vice-versa). Mexican food assistance programs appear to be neither counter- nor procyclical. Food assistance programs have little effect on the extent of poverty in Mexico, while the opposite is true in the United States, primarily because the level of benefits as a percentage of income is much lower in Mexico and a much higher percentage of eligible households receive benefits from food assistance programs in the United States.Food assistance programs, social safety net, targeting methods, macroeconomy, poverty, Progresa, DICONSA, FIDELIST, LICONSA, DIF, Food Stamp Program, WIC, the National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty,

PREÇOS DA TERRA NO BRASIL

Este trabalho analisa o preço da terra no período 1975 a 2006, mas ocupa-se principalmente com o período mais recente, de 2000 a 2006. Para que o leitor tenha uma melhor dimensão dos preços de terras no Brasil, comparações serão realizadas com os preços de terras nos Estados Unidos em anos recentes. As principais fontes de informação são a Fundação Getúlio Vargas – FGV que fornece as informações sobre preço de venda de terras de lavouras, pastagens e preços de arrendamentos por estados, Regiões e Brasil e o Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA) que publica os preços de terras por regiões e estados. Complementarmente, são utilizadas outras fontes como a Secretaria da Agricultura e do Abastecimento do Paraná - Seab, através de seu Departamento de Economia Rural - Deral.-------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------The paper analyses price land in Brazil during the 1975 – 2006 period. To best information, we compare prices in Brazil and in United States. We used the following information sources: Fundação Getúlio Vargas – FGV, that publishes price land and cash rents by state, region and Brazil. United States information are from United States Department of Agriculture - USDA. Another information source is Departamento de Economia Rural do estado do Paraná – Deral.Preço de Terra, Lavouras, Pastagens, Brasil, Price, Land, Crops, Pasture, Brazil, Land Economics/Use,

Technology, Gender and Organizations: A Systematic Mapping Study

In this article, we employed a systematic mapping methodology to examine the existing literature at the intersection of technology, gender and organizations. While much has been written about gender in organizations, the research has not consistently considered that modern organizations are increasingly technology-driven - in technology may lie an underexplored lever that could help expand our understanding of gender issues at the workplace. By analyzing a final sample of 168 research papers, we found that two main forms of conceptualizing technology emerged: technology as culture and technology as tools. Papers in the first category are concerned with environments in which technology drives a large part of what is produced, and, therefore, heavily influences culture; authors employ this framing to study technology companies, roles, and entire economic sectors under a gender perspective. The second approach corresponds to the understanding of technology as tools that individuals can use to perform their tasks. A tool can be physical, based on software, or even combine hardware, software, procedures and people; authors employ this framing to study gendered use, or adoption, of technologies to work. We synthesized all the extracted data to obtain a mapping of the literature and conclude with suggestions for future research at the intersection of technology, gender and organizations

AN ANALYSIS OF A UNITED STATES-CANADA-MEXICO FREE TRADE AGREEMENT

This is one of two papers commissioned by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium on various aspects related to the agricultural sector of a prospective North American Free Trade Agreement. The companion paper to this one has been prepared by a working group chaired by Richard Barichello, University of British Columbia. To minimize duplication with the Barichello paper this paper has given greater attention to the role of Mexico, currency exchange rates, and explicit modeling of the trade relationship.International Relations/Trade,

Supply Behavior of Hydrous Ethanol in Brazil

Este estudo construiu um modelo econômico para a oferta de etanol hidratado e de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. Um modelo econométrico de dados em painel foi usado para estimar os modelos econômicos, utilizando as informações dos principais estados produtores, no período 2000/01— 2011/12. Os resultados indicaram a elasticidade-preço da oferta de etanol hidratado de 0,75 e que o preço do etanol anidro teve uma influência relevante sobre o preço do etanol hidratado no período. Para a oferta de cana-de-açúcar, a área plantada e o número de usinas recém instaladas foram importantes para explicar a área plantada correnteThis study built an economic model for hydrous ethanol and sugarcane supply. A panel data econometric model was used to estimate the economic models, using data from the main producer states in Brazil and for the period 2000/01—2012/13. The results indicated that the supply price elasticity for hydrous ethanol was 0.75 and that anhydrous ethanol price had a relevant influence on hydrous ethanol price through this period. For the sugarcane supply, the planted area and the number of newly installed plants were important determinants of the current planted are

Violencia en las relaciones de pareja y su relación con los mitos del amor romántico en mujeres estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad Pública, Chile

La violencia contra la mujer es una emergencia mundial de salud pública, ésta involucra la violencia en el noviazgo. El estudio tuvo por objetivo probar la hipótesis de relación positiva y significativa entre los diferentes tipos de violencia en la pareja y los mitos del amor romántico. El paradigma metodológico fue cuantitativo no experimental, diseño transversal-correlacional. La muestra fue de 163 mujeres estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad Pública. Las escalas utilizadas fueron: cuestionario de violencia entre novios adaptado por Rodríguez et al, (DVQ-R) (i.e., Desapego, Humillación, Coerción, Violencia Física y Violencia Sexual) y la escala de “mitos del amor romántico”  probada por Ramírez-Carrasco et al. (2021) en población chilena, (media naranja; emparejamiento; exclusividad; celos; omnipotencia; libre albedrío; matrimonio; pasión eterna), para los análisis de correlación se utilizó el coeficiente rho de spearman. Se determino que; el 26,7% de las estudiantes sufren algún tipo de violencia por la pareja. Los mitos de los celos tuvieron las mayores correlaciones con las violencias de: desapego, coerción, humillación y violencia sexual; el mito de emparejamiento se correlacionó con desapego, coerción y la violencia física; el mito de libre albedrío con desapego y coerción, los demás mitos no se relacionaron con ningún tipo de violencia. Se concluye que los mitos del amor romántico son un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de la violencia en la pareja, es urgente desarrollar un programa de intervención para erradicar los mitos mencionados y que considere visibilizar las violencias por coerción y el desapego, muchas veces desestimadas.

Can Brazil Meet the World's Growing Need for Ethanol?

Brazil will need to sustain production growth in the ethanol sector in order to meet increasing domestic demand and maintain its export share

Brazil's Momentum as a Global Agricultural Supplier Faces Headwinds

Brazil, the fifth largest country in area and population and the largest in terms of arable land, is among the few countries with potential to increase agricultural productivity. Over the past two decades, Brazil has been consolidating its position as a major producer of agricultural commodities and related food products as well as a supplier to international markets. It is now a top-5 producer of 34 commodities and is the largest net exporter in the world. Continuing trade expansion and diversification of markets and products remains at the core of Brazil’s agricultural growth strategy. However, increases in fuel and fertilizer costs, credit and storage limitations, an overburdened port and transport system, and pressure to preserve the environment are challenging the long-term growth of Brazilian agriculture

Brazil’s Booming Agriculture Faces Obstacles

Brazil has emerged as an agricultural superpower in global food and agricultural markets thanks to economic and trade stability and regulatory reforms that encourage investment in agriculture. Brazil is an important producer and the largest exporter of sugar, ethanol, beef, poultry meat, coffee, orange juice, and tobacco