Mercados públicos: Evaluar o no evaluar el rendimiento de los operadores económicos, esa es la cuestión

La moderna evolución de la contratación pública se orienta, no solo por el respeto por la aplicación de las normas legales, sino también siguiendo el paradigma del “Value for Money”, esto quiere decir que se intenta alcanzar los mejores resultados a partir de los recursos públicos gastados, lo que implica no solo la mejora en la creación de los contratos públicos, sino también en su ejecución. Es por esto, por lo que las nuevas directivas de la UE fueron aprobadas en 2014, dando especial importancia al concepto del rendimiento contractual y de su evaluación, incluyendo un nuevo capítulo sobre “Contract performance” y permitiendo la no autorización por parte del operador económico en función del pasado “bad performance”. Todavía, la evaluación del rendimiento del contratante en la ejecución de los contratos públicos, ha levantado múltiples dificultades, por lo que en este artículo el autor propone una metodología para su aplicación, permitiéndose de esta forma, nuevos desarrollos innovadores y a los que muchos podrán contribuir para mejorar el nivel de eficiencia alcanzado y que se basan en el llamado abordaje al “performance based contracting”, la cual ha sido aplicada con éxito en diferentes sectoresModern public procurement gives special attention not just to legal compliance but also to fulfill the principle of “Value for Money” making sure that public resources are spent maximizing the achieved outcomes. This explains why the new directives of public procurement approved on 2014 enhance the importance of not just forming public contracts according to the principles of the EU but also to achieve high levels of performance of contracts through a new chapter on “ contract performance” and including new provisions for exclusion of economic operators based on past bad performance. However, the evaluation of contract performance has been meeting multiple obstacles and shortcomings and therefore the author presents in this paper a methodology to apply it allowing innovative developments such as the approach based on “ performance based contracting” which has been used successfully in multiple sector

Comparative Analysis on approximation algorithms for the Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem

In Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) exact algorithms can only solve small instances, and several approximation algorithms have been proposed that can solve large instances with a quasi-optimal solution. So far there is no comparative analysis of several algorithms running on the same machine, with equal time limit and large instances; this is our main goal. A new performance indicator is proposed that is not affected by the presence of simple problems in the instance set. The instance set was built by assembling the main sets in the literature and also JobShop and FlowShop instances transformed to RCPSP. In this work 30 meta-heuristics were implemented, obtaining a total of 159.364.665 solutions evaluated of RCPSP

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data