88 research outputs found

    Systemic treatment of advanced biliary cancers: present and future

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    Deux essais randomisĂ©s de phase III rĂ©cents ont dĂ©montrĂ© que les combinaisons gemcitabine – platine (schĂ©mas GEMOX et GEMCIS) Ă©taient supĂ©rieures en termes de survie globale aux meilleurs soins de support et Ă  la gemcitabine seule, respectivement, faisant de ces deux schĂ©mas les options thĂ©rapeutiques de choix en premiĂšre ligne de traitement des patients atteints de cancers biliaires avancĂ©s. Si aucune donnĂ©e ne permet de dĂ©finir actuellement de standard au-delĂ  de la premiĂšre ligne, un schĂ©ma Ă  base de fluoropyrimidine peut ĂȘtre proposĂ© sur la foi d’une revue systĂ©matique de plus de 100 essais de chimiothĂ©rapie. L’inhibition ciblĂ©e d’altĂ©rations molĂ©culaires oncogĂ©niques tumorales d’intĂ©rĂȘt, comme l’activation de la voie EGFR ou de MEK, seule ou en association Ă  la chimiothĂ©rapie, a permis d’obtenir des premiers rĂ©sultats encourageants.Two randomized phase III trials have recently demonstrated that gemcitabine – platinum combinations (GEMOX and GEMCIS regimens) were superior in terms of overall survival over best supportive care and gemcitabine alone, respectively, making these two regimens treatment options of choice in first-line treatment of patients with advanced biliary cancers. Although no data are currently available beyond first-line therapy, fluoropyrimidinebased regimens can be proposed on the basis of a systematic review of over 100 trials of chemotherapy. The targeted inhibition of tumor oncogenic molecular alterations of interest such as EGFR pathway or MEK activation, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, has yielded encouraging results

    Prolonged Complete Response after GEMOX Chemotherapy in a Patient with Advanced Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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    The only currently validated treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is sorafenib. However, sorafenib has been mainly studied in patients with HCC developed in cirrhotic liver. Chemotherapy might be more suitable for patients with HCC in non-cirrhotic liver. We report the case of a young woman with fibrolamellar HCC in a non-cirrhotic liver, with histologically proven metastatic ganglionary relapse after surgical resection of the primary tumour. Chemotherapy with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX regimen) achieved a complete response without relapse five years after discontinuation of chemotherapy. This exceptional case raises the question of clinical trials specifically designed for patients with HCC in non-cirrhotic liver

    Disseminated and circulating tumor cells in gastrointestinal oncology.

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    International audienceCirculating (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are two different steps in the metastatic process. Several recent techniques have allowed detection of these cells in patients, and have generated many results using different isolation techniques in small cohorts. Herein, we review the detection results and their clinical consequence in esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, and liver carcinomas, and discuss their possible applications as new biomarkers

    Bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of individual patients' data from 3 phase III studies.

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    The real impact of bevacizumab maintenance as single agent in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unclear. SAKK-41/06 and PRODIGE-9 failed to demonstrate the non-inferiority and superiority of bevacizumab versus no maintenance, respectively, while AIO-KRK-0207 showed the non-inferiority of maintenance bevacizumab versus bevacizumab and fluoropyrimidines for time to strategy failure.Bibliography electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for English published clinical trials prospectively randomizing mCRC patients to receive bevacizumab maintenance or not after first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. Individual patients' data (IPD) were provided by investigators for all included trials. Primary end-points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), both from the start of induction and maintenance. Univariate and multivariate analyses for PFS and OS were performed.Three phase III studies - PRODIGE-9, AIO-KRK-0207 and SAKK-41/06 - were included. Considering the different timing of randomization, IPD of patients not progressed during induction and starting maintenance phase entered the analysis. 909 patients were included, 457 (50%) received bevacizumab maintenance. Median PFS from induction start was 9.6 and 8.9 months in bevacizumab group versus no maintenance group, respectively (HR 0.78; 95%CI: 0.68-0.89; p 0.0001). Subgroups analysis for PFS showed a significant interaction according for RAS status (p = 0.048), with a maintenance benefit limited to RAS wild-type patients. No difference in terms of OS was observed.Despite the statistically significant PFS improvement for bevacizumab maintenance, the absolute benefit appears limited. Subgroup analysis shows a differential effect of bevacizumab maintenance in favor of RAS wild-type patients. Considering these results, maintenance therapy with fluoropyrimidine with or without bevacizumab remains the first option. Single agent bevacizumab maintenance can be considered in selected cases, such as cumulative toxicity or patient's refusal, in particular for RAS wild-type patients

    Early tumour response as a survival predictor in previously- treated patients receiving triplet hepatic artery infusion and intravenous cetuximab for unresectable liver metastases from wild-type KRAS colorectal cancer

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    Background: Early tumour shrinkage has been associated with improved survival in patients receiving cetuximab-based systemic chemotherapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer (LM-CRC). We tested this hypothesis for previously treated LM-CRC patients receiving cetuximab (500 mg/m2) and triplet hepatic artery infusion (HAI) within European trial OPTILIV. Methods: Irinotecan (180 mg/m2), 5-fluorouracil (2800 mg/m2) and oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2) were given as chronomodulated or conventional delivery. Patients were retrospectively categorised as early responders (complete or partial RECIST response after three courses) or non-early responders (late or no response). Prognostic factors were determined using multivariate logistic or Cox regression models. Results: Response was assessed in 57 of 64 registered patients (89%), who had previously received one to three prior systemic chemotherapy protocols. An early response occurred at 6 weeks in 16 patients (28%; 9 men, 7 women), aged 33–76 years, with a median of 12 liver metastases (LMs) (2–50), involving five segments (1–8). Ten patients had a late response, and 31 patients had no response. Grade 3–4 fatigue selectively occurred in the non-early responders (0% versus 26%; p = 0.024). Early tumour response was jointly predicted by chronomodulation—odds ratio (OR): 6.0 (1.2–29.8; p = 0.029)—and LM diameter ≀57 mm—OR: 5.3 (1.1–25.0; p = 0.033). Early tumour response predicted for both R0-R1 liver resection—OR: 11.8 (1.4–100.2; p = 0.024) and overall survival—hazard ratio: 0.39 (0.17–0.88; p = 0.023) in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Early tumour response on triplet HAI and systemic cetuximab predicted for complete macroscopic liver resection and prolonged survival for LM-CRC patients within a multicenter conversion-to-resection medicosurgical strategy. Confirmation is warranted for early response on HAI to guide decision making

    Pharmacogenetic assessment of toxicity and outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with LV5FU2, FOLFOX, and FOLFIRI: FFCD 2000-05

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    L’objectif de ce travail Ă©tait la recherche de biomarqueurs molĂ©culaires prĂ©dictifs de la tolĂ©rance et de l’efficacitĂ© des chimio– thĂ©rapies utilisĂ©es dans le colorectal (CCR) mĂ©tastatique. Nous avons effectuĂ© le gĂ©notypage de 20 polymorphismes prĂ©sents au sein de 9 gĂšnes connus ou suspectĂ©s d’ĂȘtre impliquĂ©s dans la voie du 5FU, de l’oxaliplatine, ou de l’irinotĂ©can, Ă  partir de l’ADN extrait du sang de 346 patients traitĂ©s dans le cadre d’un essai de phase III. Cet essai comparait une chimiothĂ©rapie sĂ©quentielle par 5FU (schĂ©ma LV5FU2) suivie d’une association 5FU plus oxali– platine (schĂ©ma FOLFOX) Ă  une chimiothĂ©rapie combinĂ©e de type FOLFOX d’emblĂ©e en premiĂšre ligne de traitement. Nous avons trouvĂ© un risque de toxicitĂ© hĂ©matologique sĂ©vĂšre sous FOLFOX significativement augmentĂ© chez les patients porteurs de l’allĂšle ERCC2-K751QC. La prĂ©sence de l’allĂšle TS-5’UTR3RG du gĂšne de la thymidylate synthase Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă  un taux de rĂ©ponse significativement plus Ă©levĂ© sous LV5FU2. Le taux de rĂ©ponse au FOLFOX en 2e ligne Ă©tait significativement supĂ©rieur chez les patients porteurs de l’allĂšle ERCC1-IVS3+74G, et chez ceux ayant au moins un allĂšle de GSTT1 prĂ©sent. L’analyse prĂ©dictive a montrĂ© un effet dĂ©pendant du traitement de certains polymorphismes. En effet, une survie sans progression significativement allongĂ©e par l’ajout de l’oxaliplatine en 1re ligne a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e uniquement chez les patients ayant un gĂ©notype TS-5’UTR2R/2R ou 2R/3R, suggĂ©rant l’absence de bĂ©nĂ©fice d’une bithĂ©rapie par FOLFOX d’emblĂ©e en premiĂšre ligne chez les patients TS-5’UTR3R/3R. Ces rĂ©sultats montrent que l’étude des polymorphismes constitutionnels permettent de prĂ©dire non seulement la toxicitĂ© mais aussi l’efficacitĂ© des chimiothĂ©rapies antitumorales du cancer colorectal, et ainsi (sous rĂ©serve d’une validation sur une population indĂ©pendante) d’orienter la stratĂ©gie thĂ©rapeutique Ă  l’échelle de l’individu

    Impact des polymorphismes constitutionnels et des altérations génétiques somatiques sur l'efficacité et la toxicité des chimiothérapies anti-tumorales dans le cancer colorectal

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    Les objectifs de nos travaux Ă©taient la recherche de biomarqueurs molĂ©culaires prĂ©dictifs de la tolĂ©rance et de l'efficacitĂ© des chimiothĂ©rapies utilisĂ©es dans le colorectal (CCR) mĂ©tastatique. Nous avons tout d'abord effectuĂ© le gĂ©notypage de 19 polymorphismes prĂ©sents au sein de 8 gĂšnes connus ou suspectĂ©s d'ĂȘtre impliquĂ©s dans la voie du 5FU, de l'oxaliplatine, ou de l'irinotĂ©can, Ă  partir de FADN extrait du sang de 346 patients traitĂ©s dans le cadre d'un essai de phase III. Cet essai comparait une chimiothĂ©rapie sĂ©quentielle par 5FU (schĂ©ma LV5FU2) suivie d'une association 5FU plus oxaliplatine (schĂ©ma FOLFOX), Ă  une chimiothĂ©rapie combinĂ©e de type FOLFOX d'emblĂ©e en premiĂšre ligne de traitement. Nous avons trouvĂ© un risque de toxicitĂ© hĂ©matologique sĂ©vĂšre sous FOLFOX significativement augmentĂ© chez les patients porteurs de l'allĂšle ERCC2-K751QC. La prĂ©sence de l'allĂšle TS-5 'UTR3RG du gĂšne de la thymidylate synthase Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă  un taux de rĂ©ponse significativement plus Ă©levĂ© sous LV5FU2. Le taux de rĂ©ponse au FOLFOX en 2eme ligne Ă©tait significativement supĂ©rieur chez les patients porteurs de l'allĂšle ERCC1-IVS3+74G, et chez ceux ayant au moins un allĂšle de GSTT1 prĂ©sent. L'analyse prĂ©dictive a montrĂ© un effet dĂ©pendant du traitement de certains polymorphismes. En effet, une survie sans progression significativement allongĂ©e par l'ajout de l'oxaliplatine en lere ligne a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e uniquement chez les patients ayant un gĂ©notype TS-5 'UTR2R/2R or 2R/3R, suggĂ©rant l'absence de bĂ©nĂ©fice d'une bithĂ©rapie par FOLFOX d'emblĂ©e en premiĂšre ligne chez les patients TS-5'UTR3R/3R. Par ailleurs, l'Ă©tude de plusieurs altĂ©rations molĂ©culaires somatiques affectant les effecteurs des voies de signalisation intracellulaire situĂ©es en aval du REGF (voies RAS/MAPK et PI3K/AKT) nous ont permis de montrer que les mutations du gĂšne KRAS Ă©taient un facteur de rĂ©sistance au cetuximab, et qu'elles Ă©taient Ă©galement dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres en ternies de survie. Nous avons montrĂ© que la valeur prĂ©dictive et pronostique de ces mutations Ă©tait supĂ©rieure Ă  celle de la toxicitĂ© cutanĂ©e induite par le cetuximab, et indĂ©pendante de celle-ci. Ces travaux montrent que l'Ă©tude des polymorphismes constitutionnels et des altĂ©rations gĂ©nĂ©tiques somatiques permettent de prĂ©dire l'efficacitĂ© et la toxicitĂ© des chimiothĂ©rapies anti-tumorales dans le cancer colorectal, et ainsi d'orienter la stratĂ©gie thĂ©rapeutique Ă  l'Ă©chelle de l'individu.PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Dose intensification with irinotecan in colorectal cancer

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    Les nouvelles molĂ©cules de chimiothĂ©rapie ont apportĂ© un bĂ©nĂ©fice dans le traitement des formes mĂ©tastatiques de cancer colorectal en termes de rĂ©ponse et de survie. Il est cependant possible dans certaines situations cliniques d'augmenter encore le pourcentage de rĂ©ponse en intensifiant la chimiothĂ©rapie. Ceci est particuliĂšrement vrai avec les combinaisons Ă  base d'irinotĂ©can qui peut ĂȘtre donnĂ© Ă  plus fortes doses. L'autre moyen d'intensifier la chimiothĂ©rapie des cancers colorectaux mĂ©tastasĂ©s est d'utiliser des protocoles de trithĂ©rapie combinant 5FU, acide folinique, irinotĂ©can et oxaliplatine. Les rĂ©sultats de ces diffĂ©rentes approches sont prometteurs avec de l'ordre de 70 % de rĂ©ponses objectives et 95 Ă  100 % de contrĂŽle tumoral
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