177 research outputs found

    Liens prĂ©dictifs entre l’agressivitĂ© proactive et la dĂ©linquance : le rĂŽle modĂ©rateur des normes prosociales du groupe-classe et du rejet par les pairs

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    Le but de cette Ă©tude est d’examiner les liens prĂ©dictifs entre les comportements d’agressivitĂ© proactive Ă  l’enfance et la dĂ©linquance Ă  l’adolescence, ainsi que le rĂŽle potentiellement modĂ©rateur des normes prosociales du groupe-classe et du rejet par le groupe de pairs. SpĂ©cifiquement, les liens suivants seront examinĂ©s : 1) le lien principal positif entre l’agressivitĂ© proactive Ă  l’enfance et la dĂ©linquance Ă  l’adolescence, 2) l’effet modĂ©rateur (i.e., protecteur) des normes prosociales au sein du groupe-classe sur le lien entre l’agressivitĂ© proactive et la dĂ©linquance et 3) l’effet modĂ©rateur de second niveau du rejet par les pairs eu Ă©gard Ă  l’effet modĂ©rateur de premier niveau des normes prosociales du groupe-classe. Deux modĂšles thĂ©oriques seront utilisĂ©s afin d’appuyer le choix des hypothĂšses et offrir un cadre conceptuel en vue de l’interprĂ©tation des rĂ©sultats: Le modĂšle du groupe de rĂ©fĂ©rence et le modĂšle de la similaritĂ© personne-groupe. Les donnĂ©es proviennent d’un Ă©chantillon composĂ© de 327 enfants ayant Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s Ă  6 reprises, de l’ñge de 10 ans (4e annĂ©e primaire) Ă  15 ans (3e secondaire). La dĂ©linquance fut mesurĂ©e Ă  l’aide de donnĂ©es auto-rapportĂ©es par les participants. Les normes prosociales du groupe-classe furent basĂ©es sur les Ă©valuations moyennes faites par les enseignants des comportements prosociaux des Ă©lĂšves de leur classe. Le rejet par les pairs fut mesurĂ© Ă  l’aide d’évaluations sociomĂ©triques au sein des groupes-classes. Des modĂšles de rĂ©gression linĂ©aire hiĂ©rarchique ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats montrent un lien positif entre l’agressivitĂ© proactive Ă  l’enfance et la dĂ©linquance Ă  l’adolescence. MalgrĂ© l’obtention d’un coefficient d’interaction marginal, les rĂ©sultats indiquent que les normes prosociales modĂšrent, mais Ă  la hausse, le lien entre l’agressivitĂ© et la dĂ©linquance. L’effet modĂ©rateur du rejet par les pairs n’apparaĂźt pas comme Ă©tant significatif. Ces rĂ©sultats seront discutĂ©s afin de mieux comprendre le lien entre l’agressivitĂ© et les Ă©lĂ©ments du contexte social dans lequel l’enfant Ă©volue, ainsi que leur implication au niveau de la prĂ©vention des problĂšmes d’agressivitĂ© et de la dĂ©linquance en milieu scolaire.The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive relationships between the behavior of proactive aggression in childhood and adolescent delinquency, and possibly the effect of moderating standards prosocial class group and the rejection by the peer group. Specifically, linkages will be examined: 1) the main positive link between proactive aggression in childhood and adolescent delinquency, 2) the moderating effect (ie, guard) first-level standards in prosocial class group on the link between proactive aggression and delinquency and 3) the moderating effect of the second level of peer rejection, given the dampening effect of the first level of prosocial norms of their class group. Two theoretical models are used to support the choice of assumptions and provide a framework in interpreting the results: The model group and model group similarity person. The data come from a sample of 327 children were assessed at six times the age of 10 years (ie, grade 4) and 15 (third year of secondary). Delinquency was measured using self-reported data by participants. Standards prosocial class group are based on average ratings made by teachers of prosocial behavior in their class. The rejection by peers was measured using sociometric assessments in group classes. The hierarchical linear regression models were used. The results show a positive link between proactive aggression in childhood and adolescent delinquency. Despite obtaining a marginal interaction coefficient, the results indicate that moderate pro-social norms, but increasing, the link between aggression and delinquency. The moderating effect of peer rejection is not as significant. These results will be discussed to better understand the link between aggression and elements of social context in which the child grows, and their involvement in the prevention of problems with aggression and delinquency in schools

    Pollen diversity collected by honey bees in the vicinity of Vaccinium spp. crops and its importance for colony development

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    Access to a rich diversity of flowering plants is very important for the development of honey bee colonies introduced in crops for pollination. The aim of this observational study was to determine the impact of surrounding pollen diversity on the health of honey bee colonies introduced in lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) in June and cranberries (V. macrocarpon) in July. The results suggest that monocultures of lowbush blueberries are not suitable for optimal brood rearing. In the blueberry environments we studied, the dominant pollen collected by honey bees were Alnus spp. and Taraxacum officinale, which are deficient in some essential amino acids. Significant reduction of brood rearing during bees’ stay in blueberry monocultures in June may therefore be explained by nutritional deficiencies. In July, the polliniferous flora in the vicinity of cranberry monocultures was poorer, but of better nutritional quality. Pollen analysis allowed the identification of Brassicaceae, Trifolium spp. and V. macrocarpon as the three dominant taxa collected by bees during this period. The complete lists of plant taxa foraged by honey bees for pollen during the pollination of lowbush blueberries and cranberries are provided.L’accessibilitĂ© Ă  une flore diversifiĂ©e est trĂšs importante pour le dĂ©veloppement des colonies d’abeilles domestiques introduites dans une culture pour le service de pollinisation. Notre Ă©tude observationnelle visait Ă  dĂ©terminer l’impact de la diversitĂ© florale environnante sur la santĂ© des colonies d’abeilles introduites dans les cultures de bleuets nains (Vaccinium augustifolium) en juin et de canneberges (V. macrocarpon) en juillet au QuĂ©bec (Canada). Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que les monocultures de bleuets nains n’offrent pas une flore adĂ©quate pour l’élevage optimal du couvain. Les plantes qui furent le plus butinĂ©es pour le pollen dans cet environnement, Alnus spp. et Taraxacum officinale, sont dĂ©ficientes en certains acides animĂ©s essentiels Ă  l’abeille. La diminution significative de la surface de couvain dans les monocultures de bleuets en juin pourrait donc ĂȘtre expliquĂ©e par des carences alimentaires. Dans l’environnement de la canneberge, les grains de pollen rĂ©coltĂ©s par les abeilles furent moins taxonomiquement variĂ©s que dans l’environnement du bleuet mais Ă©taient de meilleures qualitĂ©s nutritionnelles. Les taxons dominants rĂ©coltĂ©s par les abeilles furent les BrassicacĂ©es, Trifolium spp. et V. macrocarpon. Les listes complĂštes des taxons des plantes butinĂ©es pour le pollen pendant la pollinisation du bleuet nain et de la canneberge sont fournies

    Évaluation des effets d'une diùte faible en phosphore sur le systùme immunitaire de l'omble de fontaine (Salvelinus Fontinalis) en condition de pisciculture

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    Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal

    Correction of Fanconi Anemia Group C Hematopoietic Stem Cells Following Intrafemoral Gene Transfer

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    The main cause of morbidity and mortality in Fanconi anemia patients is the development of bone marrow (BM) failure; thus correction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through gene transfer approaches would benefit FA patients. However, gene therapy trials for FA patients using ex vivo transduction protocols have failed to provide long-term correction. In addition, ex vivo cultures have been found to be hazardous for FA cells. To circumvent negative effects of ex vivo culture in FA stem cells, we tested the corrective ability of direct injection of recombinant lentiviral particles encoding FancC-EGFP into femurs of FancC−/− mice. Using this approach, we show that FancC−/− HSCs were efficiently corrected. Intrafemoral gene transfer of the FancC gene prevented the mitomycin C-induced BM failure. Moreover, we show that intrafemoral gene delivery into aplastic marrow restored the bone marrow cellularity and corrected the remaining HSCs. These results provide evidence that targeting FA-deficient HSCs directly in their environment enables efficient and long-term correction of BM defects in FA

    Pneumopathie induite par l'hydroxyurée. [Hydroxyurea-induced pneumonia].

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    International audienceIntroduction: Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite widely used in the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases. Usual side effects are mainly hematological, gastrointestinal, neurological disorders and induced-fevers. More rarely, hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis are reported. Case report: We report a case of a patient treated for polycythemia vera. She was admitted 20 days after introduction of hydroxyurea for a high fever, productive cough and clear sputum associated with nausea. Chest CT-scan found diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities. The microbiological investigations were negative. Symptoms disappeared few days after discontinuation of treatment. Its reintroduction led to recurrence of symptoms. Conclusion: This additional case completes the 15 cases of hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis described in the literature. Two forms of this disease seem to exist: an acute form with fever occurring in the month following introduction of hydroxyurea; and a chronic form without fever. Even if it is uncommon, pulmonologists should be aware of this complication

    Time-dependent photoionization of azulene: Optically induced anisotropy on the femtosecond scale

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    We measure the photoionization cross-section of vibrationally excited levels in the S2 state of azulene by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. At the wavelengths studied (349-265 nm in the pump) the transient signals exhibit two distinct and well-defined behaviours: (i) Short-term (on the order of a picosecond) polarization dependent transients and (ii) longer (10 ps - 1 ns) time-scale decays. This letter focuses on the short time transient. In contrast to an earlier study by Diau et al.22 [J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 9785.] we unambiguously assign the fast initial decay signal to rotational dephasing of the initial alignment created by the pump transition.Comment: Chemical Physics Letters (2008

    Observation of coherent transients in ultrashort chirped excitation of an undamped two-level system

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    The effects of Coherent excitation of a two level system with a linearly chirped pulse are studied theoretically and experimentally (in Rb (5s - 5p)) in the low field regime. The Coherent Transients are measured directly on the excited state population on an ultrashort time scale. A sharp step corresponds to the passage through resonance. It is followed by oscillations resulting from interferences between off-resonant and resonant contributions. We finally show the equivalence between this experiment and Fresnel diffraction by a sharp edge.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PR
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