ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO NOS AMBULATÓRIOS PSIQUIÁTRICOS: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Adherence to treatment in psychiatric laboratories, especially in low-income communities, is a complex challenge that requires innovative, patient-centered approaches. This study aimed to study the benefits of treatment adherence in psychiatric outpatient clinics. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted, selecting scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024, available in the Scielo, Medline and Lilacs databases. From the critical analysis of the results, it was concluded that adherence to treatment in psychiatric outpatient clinics is fundamental for promoting mental health and the well-being of patients. However, in order to maximize the benefits and overcome the challenges associated with treatment adherence, more integrated approaches, ongoing research and a deeper understanding of patients' needs and experiences are needed.A adesão ao tratamento em ambulatórios psiquiátricos, especialmente em comunidades de baixa renda, é um desafio complexo que requer abordagens inovadoras e centradas no paciente. Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar os benefícios da adesão ao tratamento em ambulatórios psiquiátricos. Para isso, foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática da literatura, selecionando artigos científicos publicados entre 2019 e 2024, disponíveis nas bases de dados Scielo, Medline e Lilacs. A partir da análise crítica dos resultados, concluiu-se que a adesão ao tratamento em ambulatórios psiquiátricos é fundamental para a promoção da saúde mental e o bem-estar dos pacientes. No entanto, para maximizar os benefícios e superar os desafios associados à adesão ao tratamento, são necessárias abordagens mais integradas, pesquisa contínua e uma compreensão mais aprofundada das necessidades e experiências dos pacientes

Alcoolismo em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica: uma revisão sistemática: Alcoholism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a systematic review

A Cirurgia bariátrica tem sido uma opção de muitas pessoas que visam superar a obesidade e garantir qualidade de vida e saúde. No entanto, casos de complicações clínicas após operação tem ocorrido, sendo comum a incidência de alcoolismo. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre as causas da incidência de alcoolismo entre pacientes que foram submetidos a cirurgias bariátricas. Para o alcance dessa finalidade, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, selecionando-se fontes das bases de dados Scielo Brasil, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), publicados em língua portuguesa, nos anos de 2017 a 2022. Realizando-se a análise dos dados concluiu-se que o transtorno do uso de álcool em pessoas submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica tem sido recorrente, especialmente entre homens de baixa renda e que fizeram a cirurgia do tipo bypass gástrico. Observou-se também que o consumo de álcool é maior no pós-operatório e que boa parte dos pacientes que se submeteu a esse tipo de cirurgia ignorava o risco de desenvolver o referido transtorno. Em função disso, boa parte dos estudos que integraram esta revisão reconhece a necessidade do acompanhamento, pela equipe de saúde, dos pacientes logo após a cirurgia bariátrica e a adesão desses ao tratamento devido, visando prevenir o transtorno do uso de álcool

ALTERNATIVAS DE CONTROLE DE Chalara paradoxa NA PÓS-COLHEITA DE ABACAXI

Black rot of pineapple, caused by Chalara paradoxa, is a postharvest disease responsible by high losses on fruits destined to the fresh market and to the processing industry. The work had as objective to evaluate influence of naturals extracts, fungicide and resistance inducer for C. paradoxa control, isolated from pineapple fruits. It was observed action of resistance inducer acibenzolar-S-metil, fungicide mancozeb and the natural extracts of Anadenanthera colubrine, Anacardium occidentale, Ocimum minimum and Momordica charantia, on inhibition of C. paradoxa growth in vitro. It was transferred 25 -L of each treatment for a hole on center of Petri dishes with PDA and was placed a fungus disk on it. Evaluations were carried out every 24 hours, for seven days. For evaluation of conidia production, 20 mL of distilled sterilized water were added in each Petri dish with fungus colony for obtaining conidia suspension and, concentration was verified in Neubauer chamber. Thirty five pineapple fruits, var. Smooth Cayenne were inoculated with C. paradoxa and incubated in humid chamber for 24 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized with averages compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. The treatments were able to reduce mycelial growth and sporulation under the conditions studied. The minor effects of the disease on the fruits of pineapple were observed with the Ocimum minimum extract and mancozeb. The fungicide mancozeb and Ocimum minimum extract influenced the control of C. paradoxa

N-Salicyloyltryptamine, an N-Benzoyltryptamine Analogue, Induces Vasorelaxation through Activation of the NO/sGC Pathway and Reduction of Calcium Influx

Benzoyltryptamine analogues act as neuroprotective and spasmolytic agents on smooth muscles. In this study, we investigated the ability of N-salicyloyltryptamine (STP) to produce vasorelaxation and determined its underlying mechanisms of action. Isolated rat mesenteric arteries with and without functional endothelium were studied in an isometric contraction system in the presence or absence of pharmacological inhibitors. Amperometric experiments were used to measure the nitric oxide (NO) levels in CD31+ cells using flow cytometry. GH3 cells were used to measure Ca2+ currents using the whole cell patch clamp technique. STP caused endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation in mesenteric rings. The endothelial-dependent relaxations in response to STP were markedly reduced by L-NAME (endothelial NO synthase—eNOS—inhibitor), jHydroxocobalamin (NO scavenger, 30 µM) and ODQ (soluble Guanylyl Cyclase—sGC—inhibitor, 10 µM), but were not affected by the inhibition of the formation of vasoactive prostanoids. These results were reinforced by the increased NO levels observed in the amperometric experiments with freshly dispersed CD31+ cells. The endothelium-independent effect appeared to involve the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, due to the inhibition of the concentration-response Ca2+ curves in depolarizing solution, the increased relaxation in rings that were pre-incubated with high extracellular KCl (80 mM), and the inhibition of macroscopic Ca2+ currents. The present findings show that the activation of the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway and the inhibition of gated-voltage Ca2+ channels are the mechanisms underlying the effect of STP on mesenteric arteries

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles reduced and stabilized by cashew tree gum

The advance in nanotechnology has enabled us to utilize particles in the size of the nanoscale. Among the most promising nanomaterials with antibacterial properties are metallic nanoparticles, which exhibit increased chemical activity due to their large surface to volume ratios. In the case of silver, the currently available data reveals the potential benefits and the wide range of applications. In this context, the application of green chemistry in the nano-science and technology is very important in the area of the preparation of various materials. The present study describes the development and the characterization of a rapid and low cost green synthesis of silver nanoparticles reduced and stabilized by exuded gum from Anacardium occidentale L. and evaluates in vitro their antibacterial activity. Characterization of cashew tree gumbased silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out based on UV-Vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The main results revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape, measuring about 4.5 to 6.5 nm in size with a uniform dispersal. AgNPs presented antibacterial activity, especially against Gram-negative bacteria

Vasorelaxation Induced by a New Naphthoquinone-Oxime is Mediated by NO-sGC-cGMP Pathway

It has been established that oximes cause endothelium-independent relaxation in blood vessels. In the present study, the cardiovascular effects of the new oxime 3-hydroxy-4–(hydroxyimino)-2-(3-methylbut-2-enylnaphtalen-1(4H)-one (Oxime S1) derived from lapachol were evaluated. In normotensive rats, administration of Oxime S1 (10, 15, 20 and 30 mg/Kg, i.v.) produced dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure. In isolated aorta and superior mesenteric artery rings, Oxime S1 induced endothelium-independent and concentration-dependent relaxations (10−8 M to 10−4 M). In addition, Oxime S1-induced vasorelaxations were attenuated by hydroxocobalamin or methylene blue in aorta and by PTIO or ODQ in mesenteric artery rings, suggesting a role for the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Additionally, Oxime S1 (30 and 100 µM) significantly increased NO concentrations (13.9 ± 1.6 nM and 17.9 ± 4.1 nM, respectively) measured by nitric oxide microsensors. Furthermore, pre-contraction with KCl (80 mM) prevented Oxime S1-derived vasorelaxation in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. Of note, combined treatment with potassium channel inhibitors also reduced Oxime S1-mediated vasorelaxation suggesting a role for potassium channels, more precisely Kir, Kv and KATP channels. We observed the involvement of BKCa channels in Oxime S1-induced relaxation in mesenteric artery rings. In conclusion, these data suggest that the Oxime S1 induces hypotension and vasorelaxation via NO pathway by activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and K+ channels

A multi-environment trials diallel analysis provides insights on the inheritance of fumonisin contamination resistance in tropical maize

In maize, the fungi that cause Fusarium ear rot result not only in decreased grain yield and quality, but also grain contamination by fumonisin. This study investigated the inheritance of fumonisin contamination resistance (FCR) in tropical maize, based on a multi-environment trials diallel analysis via mixed models. For this purpose, based on 13 inbred lines, single-cross hybrids were created and assessed in three environments. A mixed model diallel joint analysis across environments was performed, considering the existence of environment-specific variances and correlations between pairs of environments for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects, and additive genomic relationship between inbred lines for the prediction of GCA and SCA. For all environments, the SCA variance had a higher magnitude than the GCA variance, indicating a predominance of the dominance effects underlying FCR in tropical maize. Moreover, the proportion of the variance among single-cross hybrids that was due to GCA varied from 16 to 22 % across environments, suggesting that SCA is important to predict the hybrids performance. Through modeling variance–covariance structures for GCA and SCA, it was possible to observe that the GCA effects were stable, whereas the SCA effects were specific for each environment. Therefore, these results suggest that the selection of the best parents for the development of new inbred lines can be carried out through the average performance across the evaluated environments. Due to the importance of SCA effects and their complex interaction with environments, the selection of superior hybrids should be performed into specific environments

Antioxidant and vasorelaxant activities induced by northeastern Brazilian fermented grape skins

Abstract Background In northeastern Brazil, grape pomace has become a potential alternative byproduct because of the recover phenolic compounds from the vinification process. Comparative analyses were performed between lyophilized extract of grape skins from pomace, described as fermented (FGS), and fresh, unfermented (UGS) grape skins to show the relevant brand’s composition upon the first maceration in winemaking. Methods The use of in vitro testing such as Folin-Ciocalteu’s, DPPH free radical scavenger and HPLC methods were performed to evidence antioxidant effect and phenolic compounds. Additionally, vascular reactivity studies were performed in third-order branches of rat superior mesenteric arteries, which were obtained and placed in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution, maintained at 37 °C, gassed with a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2, and maintained at pH 7.4. The in situ formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated in small mesenteric rings using oxidative fluorescent dihydroethidium dye. Results We found higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity in FGS when compared to UGS. HPLC analyses identified a significant number of phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential in both samples. The vasorelaxant effect induced by FGS was more potent than that induced by UGS, and the activity was attenuated after removal of vascular endothelium or by blockade of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, such as NO and EDHF. Conclusions The FGS extract may be a great source of natural polyphenol products with potent antioxidant effects and endothelium-dependent vasodilatory actions involving NO and EDHF pathways

A multi-environment trials diallel analysis provides insights on the inheritance of fumonisin contamination resistance in tropical maize

In maize, the fungi that cause Fusarium ear rot result not only in decreased grain yield and quality, but also grain contamination by fumonisin. This study investigated the inheritance of fumonisin contamination resistance (FCR) in tropical maize, based on a multi-environment trials diallel analysis via mixed models. For this purpose, based on 13 inbred lines, single-cross hybrids were created and assessed in three environments. A mixed model diallel joint analysis across environments was performed, considering the existence of environment-specific variances and correlations between pairs of environments for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects, and additive genomic relationship between inbred lines for the prediction of GCA and SCA. For all environments, the SCA variance had a higher magnitude than the GCA variance, indicating a predominance of the dominance effects underlying FCR in tropical maize. Moreover, the proportion of the variance among single-cross hybrids that was due to GCA varied from 16 to 22 % across environments, suggesting that SCA is important to predict the hybrids performance. Through modeling variance–covariance structures for GCA and SCA, it was possible to observe that the GCA effects were stable, whereas the SCA effects were specific for each environment. Therefore, these results suggest that the selection of the best parents for the development of new inbred lines can be carried out through the average performance across the evaluated environments. Due to the importance of SCA effects and their complex interaction with environments, the selection of superior hybrids should be performed into specific environments